Navegando por Palavras-chave "sex"

Agora exibindo 1 - 7 de 7
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Comparison of nutritional and inflammatory markers in dialysis patients with reduced appetites
    (Amer Soc Clinical Nutrition, 2007-03-01) Carrero, Juan Jesus; Qureshi, Abdul Rashid; Axelsson, Jonas; Avesani, Carla Maria [UNIFESP]; Suliman, Mohammed E.; Kato, Sawako; Barany, Peter; Snaedal-Jonsdottir, Sunna; Alvestrand, Anders; Heimburger, Olof; Lindholm, Bengt; Stenvinkel, Peter; Karolinska Univ Hosp Huddinge; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Hosp La Paz
    Background: Anorexia is common in chronic kidney disease and worsens as the disease progresses. Sex hormones and inflammatory cytokines may be related to feeding behavior.Objective: We hypothesized that appetite would be related to inflammation and outcome in hemodialysis patients but that sex may account for differences in the symptoms associated with poor appetite.Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients undergoing prevalent hemodialysis (n = 223; 127 M; (x) over bar +/- SD age: 66 +/- 14 y). Anthropometric markers of body composition, handgrip strength, and nutritional and inflammatory status were measured, and 3 groups according to their self-reported appetite were established. Overall mortality was assessed after 19 mo (range: 2-29 mo) of follow-up.Results: Poor appetite was associated with a longer vintage time, increased inflammation (higher serum concentrations of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein), and a worse nutritional status (lower serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1, albumin, urea, and creatinine). However, across worsening appetite scale, handgrip strength was incrementally lower in men but not in women (multivariate analysis of variance). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis (pseudo r(2) = 0.19), appetite loss was associated with sex [odds ratio (OR): 0.41; 95% CI: 0.24, 0.72], insulin-like growth factor I (3.58; 2.10, 6.32), and C-reactive protein > 10 mg/L (2.39; 1.34, 4.11). Finally, appetite loss was associated with worse clinical outcome even after adjustment for age, sex, inflammation, dialysis vintage, and comorbidity (likelihood ratio = 44.3; P < 0.0001).Conclusions: These results show a close association among appetite, malnutrition, inflammation, and outcome in patients undergoing prevalent hemodialysis. Moreover, our data suggest that uremic men may be more susceptible than are women to inflammation-induced anorexia.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Gender and minor psychiatric morbidity: Results of a case-control study in a developing country
    (Baywood Publ Co Inc, 1999-01-01) Coutinho, Evandro da Silva Freire; Almeida Filho, Naomar de; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Rodrigues, Laura C.; Escola Nacl Saude Publica; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); London Sch Hyg & Trop Med
    Objective: Women suffer from minor psychiatric disorders (MPM) more frequently than men. Most of the studies were conducted in England and in the United States and some reported the higher occurrence of MPM among women to be modified by marital status and others by sociodemographic variables. The present study intends to address this question in a developing country. Method: A population based case-control study was conducted in three important urban centers in Brazil. Two hundred seventy-six individuals diagnosed as new cases of MPM and 261 controls were selected to investigate the role of a set of sociodemographic variables in the association between gender and MPM using logistic regression models. Results: Univariate analysis showed that women were more likely than men to suffer from MPM (OR = 3.34; 2.27-4.91). After controlling for other sociodemographic variables, female gender was still positively associated with MPM, but not in a homogeneous way. A multiplicative interaction of gender with age group was found (LRT = 6.01; 2 df; p = 0.05) suggesting an increment in the magnitude of the association among those older than thirty years. Odds-ratios were 2.33 (1.19-4.55), 6.85 (2.86-16.41), and 7.47 (2.90-19.22) for age groups of fourteen to twenty-nine; thirty to forty-four, forty-five or more, respectively. There was no evidence of interaction of gender with marital status or other sociodemographic variables. Conclusions: The findings are consistent with the modification of the association between gender and MPM being mediated by social factors.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Increased homocysteine levels associated with sex and stress in the learned helplessness model of depression
    (Elsevier B.V., 2004-01-01) Setnik, B.; Souza, F. G. de; d'Almeida, V; Nobrega, J. N.; Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth; Univ Toronto; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hey) have been associated with major depressive (MD) illness. As human females show a higher predisposition towards depression, this study examined how Hey levels in rats are affected by sex and estrous cycle in the learned helplessness (LH) model of depression. Male and female rats in either estrus or diestrus were subjected to LH, with intervals of 4 days between the two stress tests and between tests and sacrifice, in order to accommodate the female estrous cycle. No differences were found in LH behavior between males and females at either estrous phase. Control Hcy levels were significantly lower in females than in males (-36%, P<.001), with no further differences between estrous and diestrus phases in females. Stress exposure increased plasma Hcy by approximately 26% in females, both in estrus and diestrus, but not in males. However, when behavioral responses to stress were considered, no association was found between increased Hcy levels and propensity to develop helpless behavior. Therefore, while male rats have higher basal Hcy levels than females, females appear to be more vulnerable than males to stress-induced elevations in Hey, although this did not correlate with behavioral responses to stress. Neither was this vulnerability influenced by estrous phase. These results imply that both stress and sex should be considered as risk factors for increased plasma Hey. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Rate of cognitive decline in relation to sex after 60 years-of-age: A systematic review
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2014-01-01) Ferreira, Leandro [UNIFESP]; Galduroz Santos, Ruth Ferreia; Ferri, Cleoza Pinheiro [UNIFESP]; Fernandes Galduroz, Jose Carlos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); Univ Estadual São Paulo
    Some studies have shown differences in specific cognitive ability domains between the sexes at 60 years-of-age. However is important to analyze whether the rate of cognitive decline is also similar between the sexes after this age. the present study examined previously published literature to investigate whether cognitive decline is distinct between men and women after the age of 60 years. A systematic review was carried out with the PubMed, LILACS and PsycINFO databases (2001-2011) using the following search terms: aging, aged, cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment, mental health and cognition. We analyzed longitudinal research that used neuropsychological tests for evaluating cognitive function, showed results separated by sex and that excluded participants with dementia. Elderly women showed better performance in tests of episodic memory, whereas elderly men had a better visuospatial ability. Only one study detected distinct rates of cognitive decline in specific tests between the sexes. Despite differences observed in some domains, most of the studies showed that this rate is similar between the sexes until the age of 80 years. It is unclear whether sex influences the rate of cognitive decline after the age of 80 years. the present review observed that sex does not determine the rate of cognitive decline between 60 and 80 years-of-age. the contextual and cultural factors that involve men and women might determine a distinct decline between them, rather than sex alone. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 23-31.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Seasonal variation of suicide in Brazil
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2007-01-01) Benedito-Silva, Ana Amelia [UNIFESP]; Pires, Maria Laura Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Calil, Helena Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Most of what is known about the seasonal variation in suicide rate originates from studies conducted in the northern hemisphere; very few studies have been done in the southern hemisphere. the purpose of the present study was to explore the possibility that in Brazil, the seasonal variation of suicides is a function of photoperiod. This was accomplished by analyzing monthly suicide data for a 12 yr period (1979 to 1990), within latitudes ranging from 2 degrees N to 33 degrees S. Single cosinor analyses with periods of 12 or 6 months were applied to time series of monthly total and suicidal deaths, separated by gender and state. Significant spring or early summer peaks of suicide were found only in the south of Brazil for both men and women, except for the latter in one state. These peaks did not coincide with those found for total deaths, which occurred in the autumn or winter in all areas. No significant six-month period was found. in the present study, the chance of a suicide was typically 10-17% higher during the peak period than during the other months of the year. Although this moderate seasonal effect might not be sufficient to justify planning large scale prophylactic interventions, those dealing with patients who have suicide ideation should be aware of this high risk time.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Sex-related differences in COPD in five Latin American cities: the PLATINO study
    (European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2010-11-01) Lopez Varela, M. V.; Montes de Oca, M.; Halbert, R. J.; Muino, A.; Perez-Padilla, R.; Talamo, C.; Jardim, Jose Roberto [UNIFESP]; Valdivia, G.; Pertuze, J.; Moreno, D.; Menezes, Ana Maria Baptista [UNIFESP]; PLATINO Team; Univ Republica; Cent Univ Venezuela; Univ Calif Los Angeles; Inst Resp Dis; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Pelotas; Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile
    There is evidence to suggest sex differences exists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) clinical expression. We investigated sex differences in health status perception, dyspnoea and physical activity, and factors that explain these differences using an epidemiological sample of subjects with and without COPD.PLATINO is a cross-sectional, population-based study. We defined COPD as post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio <0.70, and evaluated health status perception (Short Form (SF)-12 questionnaire) and dyspnoea (Medical Research Council scale).Among 5,314 subjects, 759 (362 females) had COPD and 4,555 (2,850 females) did not. in general, females reported more dyspnoea and physical limitation than males. 54% of females without COPD reported a dyspnoea score >= 2 versus 35% of males. A similar trend was observed in females with COPD (63% versus 44%). in the entire study population, female sex was a factor explaining dyspnoea (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.40-1.84) and SF-12 physical score (OR -1.13, 95% CI -1.56- -0.71). 40% of females versus 28% of males without COPD reported their general health status as fair-to-poor. Females with COPD showed a similar trend (41% versus 34%). Distribution of COPD severity was similar between sexes, but currently smoking females had more severe COPD than currently smoking males.There are important sex differences in the impact that COPD has on the perception of dyspnoea, health status and physical activity limitation.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Sexualidade feminina: compreendendo seu significado
    (Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo, 2000-07-01) Gozzo, Thaís de Oliveira; Fustinoni, Suzete Maria [UNIFESP]; Barbieri, Márcia [UNIFESP]; Roher, Wilma de Moura [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Ivoneide Aparecida de [UNIFESP]; Maternidade Mater de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The present qualitative study with a phenomenological focus aimed at understanding the meaning of female sexuality to women who participate in the activities of an orientation group about this subject, organized by a family planning service. Through the analysis of the participants speeches and phenomenological reduction, authors found the central subject: Living sexuality. Results allowed authors to learn a little more on this subject, especially considering that women who took part in this group aimed at solving their problem as they believed they had sexual disorders. However, this fact was demystified, enabling them to understand that they have problems in living their sexuality.