Navegando por Palavras-chave "seizure"

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    Alcohol consumption and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: experimental approach
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-12-01) Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Machado, Helio Rubens; Almeida, Antonio-Carlos G. de; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica
    Using the pilocarpine model of epilepsy, we investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on the frequency of seizures in animals with epilepsy as well the underlying a possible association between alcohol intake and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) occurrence. Rats were divided randomly into two groups: (A) rats with epilepsy and (B) rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of ethanol solution (350 mg kg-1, i.p.) for 30 days. The basal frequency of seizures observed in the A and B groups during the first 30 days were 3.4±1.5 and 3.2±1.9 seizures per week per animal, respectively. In B group, it was observed a significant seizure increase (11.6±5.3) during the first 2 weeks of alcohol administration and quite interesting, one rat died suddenly after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure during this period. We concluded in our experimental study that exist a possible association between alcohol abuse and SUDEP occurrence.
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    Behavioral and electroencephalographic analysis of seizures induced by intrahippocampal injection of granulitoxin, a neurotoxic peptide from the sea anemone Bunodosoma granulifera
    (Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2001-06-01) Santana, Alfredo Nicodemus da Cruz; Trindade Filho, Euclides Mauricio [UNIFESP]; Cunha, R.b.; Sousa, M.v.; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, K.m.; Universidade Estadual do Ceará Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de Brasília Departamento de Biologia Celular Centro Brasileiro de Serviços e Pesquisas em Proteínas
    In this study, the behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis of seizures induced by the intrahippocampal injection in rats of granulitoxin, a neurotoxic peptide from the sea anemone Bunodosoma granulifera, was determined. The first alterations occurred during microinjection of granulitoxin (8 µg) into the dorsal hippocampus and consisted of seizure activity that began in the hippocampus and spread rapidly to the occipital cortex. This activity lasted 20-30 s, and during this period the rats presented immobility. During the first 40-50 min after its administration, three to four other similar short EEG seizure periods occurred and the rats presented the following behavioral alterations: akinesia, facial automatisms, head tremor, salivation, rearing, jumping, barrel-rolling, wet dog shakes and forelimb clonic movements. Within 40-50 min, the status epilepticus was established and lasted 8-12 h. These results are similar to those observed in the acute phase of the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy and suggest that granulitoxin may be a useful tool not only to study the sodium channels, but also to develop a new experimental model of status epilepticus.
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    C-Fos, Jun D and HSP72 immunoreactivity, and neuronal injury following lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in immature and adult rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 1998-12-10) Dube, C.; Andre, V; Covolan, Luciene [UNIFESP]; Ferrandon, A.; Marescaux, C.; Nehlig, A.; Univ Strasbourg 1; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    In order to follow the maturation-related evolution of neuronal damage, cellular activation and stress response subsequent to Li-Pilo seizures in the 10- (P10), 21-day-old (P21) and adult rat, we analyzed the expression of the c-Fos protein as a marker of cellular activation, HSP72 immunoreactivity as the stress response and silver staining for the assessment of neuronal damage in 20 selected brain regions. the early wave of c-Fos measured at 2 h after the onset of seizures was present in most structures of the animals at the three ages studied and particularly strong in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. the late wave of c-Fos measured at 24 h after the onset of seizures and that was shown to correlate to neuronal damage was absent from the P10 rat brain, and present mainly in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of P21 and adult rats. the expression of the stress response, assessed by the immunoreactivity of HSP72 at 24 h after the seizures was absent from the P10 rat brain and present in the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus of P21 and adult rats. the expression of Jun D at 24 h after the seizures was discrete and present in most brain regions at all ages. Neuronal injury assessed by silver staining at 6 h after the onset of seizures was very discrete in the brain of the P10 rat and limited to a few neurons in the piriform and entorhinal cortices. in older animals, marked neuronal degeneration occurred in the cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, lateral septum and thalamus. Thus the immediate cell activation induced by lithium-pilocarpine seizures which is present at all ages translates only into a late wave of c-Fos and the expression of HSP72 in P21 and adult animals in which there will be extensive cell damage. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Carbamazepine does not alter the intrinsic cardiac function in rats with epilepsy
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2010-08-01) Colugnati, Diego Basile [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Sonoda, Eliza Yumi de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Pansani, Aline Priscila [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Presbiterian Mackenzie University Center of Biological Sciences and Health Program Graduate Development Disorders; University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Medicine School Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences
    Among the causes for sudden unexpected death (SUDEP) in epilepsy, the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the heart have been poorly explored. Based on this, the aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate (in vivo and isolated ex vivo) and ventricular pressure (isolated ex vivo) of rats with and without epilepsy treated with carbamazepine. Four groups of adult, male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were studied: [A] control rats (n=8), received neither pilocarpine nor carbamazepine [B] carbamazepine-treated rats (n=8), received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks; [C] rats with epilepsy that received just saline solution (n=8); [D] rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks (n=8). Our results showed significant increase in heart rate in animals with epilepsy (with and without the use of carbamazepine) when compared to the control groups in vivo. In contrast, we did not find differences during isolated ex vivo experiments comparing animals with and without epilepsy and despite the use of carbamazepine. Our results suggest that, in isolation, carbamazepine may not be a potential risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
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    Efeitos benéficos do exercício físico nas epilepsias: o judô faz parte deste contexto?
    (Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia (LBE), 2007-09-01) Vieira, Douglas E. [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Silva, Antonio Carlos da [UNIFESP]; Andrade, Marilia dos Santos [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Bandeirante de São Paulo; Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Faculdade de Medicina Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas
    INTRODUCTION: Persons with epilepsy have previously been discouraged from participation in physical activity and sports for fear of inducing seizures or increasing seizure frequency. Despite a shift in medical recommendations toward encouraging rather than restricting participation, the stigma remains and persons with epilepsy continue to be less active than the general population. OBJECTIVES: In these lines, several clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated a positive effect of physical exercise on epilepsy. Judo is a traditional and popular sport and people with epilepsy often ask physicians whether they may engage in this sport. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this, our review article is designed to show the risks and benefits of physical activity in patients with epilepsy and discusses the role of judo in this context.
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    The effects of alcohol intake and withdrawal on the seizures frequency and hippocampal morphology in rats with epilepsy
    (Elsevier B.V., 2003-11-01) Scorza, F. A.; Arida, R. M.; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Priel, M. R.; Albuquerque, M. de; Cavalheiro, E. A.; NPT UMC; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ctr Univ Sao Camilo; Univ Mogi Cruzes
    The aim of our study, using the pilocarpine model of epilepsy, was to investigate the effects of alcohol administration and withdrawal on the spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs). Four groups of adult, male Wistar rats were studied: (A) control rats (n = 10), received neither pilocarpine nor alcohol, (13) alcohol-treated rats (n = 10), received a daily dose of 3.0 g kg(-1) of a 30% alcohol solution via an oesophagic probe for 30 days, (C) rats with epilepsy (n = 10), (D) rats with epilepsy with alcohol intake (n = 10). SRSs were induced by a single dose of pilocarpine (i.p.) and the basal frequency of SRSs was video monitored (24 h per day) for 30 days. Following this period, the animals of group D received a daily dose of alcohol solution as described above and at the end of this period, alcohol administration was stopped and the seizure frequency was assessed for more 30 days. the basal seizure frequency observed in groups C and D during the first 30 days was 2.2+/-1.8 seizures per week per animal. in group D, it was observed an increase to 12.2+/-5.8 during the first 2 weeks of alcohol administration. During the last 2 weeks of alcohol administration, the number of SRSs returned to the previous basal level. During alcohol withdrawal the seizure frequency increased to 14.3 +/- 7.4 seizures per week per animal for the first 2 weeks, and returned to the basal level in the remaining period of observation. the Neo-Timm and Niss1 staining of hippocampal formation and of the dentate gyrus in rats with epilepsy showed a cell loss in the hippocampal subfield CA1 and in the hillus of dentate gyrus. in rats with epilepsy with alcohol intake, we observed a cell loss in hippocampal subfields CA3 and hillus of the dentate gyrus, with significant neuronal death in subfield CA1, when compared with control animals. the alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a crucial event for the development of functional and neuropathological alterations associated with epilepsy. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society.
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    Epilepsias e hipertensão arterial sistêmica
    (Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia (LBE), 2006-12-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Faculdade de Medicina
    INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder. Hypertension, particularly severe and uncontrolled, might increase the risk of epilepsy. OBJECTIES: Based on these facts, in this review the relationship between epilepsy, seizures and hypertension has been emphasized. RESULTS: Experimental and clinical studies showed a direct relationship among this disroders. CONCLUSION: Future studies are needed to gain a better understanding between epilepsy and hypertension.
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    Estudo qualitativo da formação hipocampal de animais hipertensos com epilepsia
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2005-06-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Laboratório de Neurociências; Centro Universitário São Camilo
    The aim of our study was to investigate the hippocampus and dentate gyrus neuropathological features of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) with epilepsy. METHOD: Animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: control Wistar, Wistar with epilepsy, control SHR and SHR with epilepsy. The pilocarpine model of epilepsy was used in this experiement. After spontaneous recurrent seizures, all animals were perfused and their brains processed for histological analysis through Nissl and neo-Timm methods. RESULTS: In the Wistar rats with epilepsy we observed cell loss in hippocampal subfields CA1, CA3 and hilus of the dentate gyrus when compared with control animals. In the SHR with epilepsy we observed hippocampal formation atrophy with ventricular dilatation. No morphological alterations were observed in SHR and Wistar control rats. The neo-Timm staining of hippocampal formation has shown supragranular sprouting in Wistar and SHR with epilepsy. CONCLUSION: We found neuropathological alterations in hippocampal formation in Wistar with epilepsy and SHR with epilepsy, suggesting that epilepsy per se or associated to hypertention are able to cause neuronal damage.
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    Evaluation of intense physical effort in subjects with temporal lobe epilepsy
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-12-01) Camilo, Fabio; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Vancini, Rodrigo Luiz [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    People with epilepsy have been discouraged from participating in physical activity due to the fear that it will exacerbate seizures. Although the beneficial effect of aerobic exercise in people with epilepsy, little objective evidence regarding the intensity of exercise has been reported. We investigated the effect of incremental physical exercise to exhaustion in people with epilepsy. Seventeen persons with temporal lobe epilepsy and twenty one control healthy subjects participated in this study. Both groups were submitted to echocolordoppler and electrocardiogram at rest and during physical effort. None of patients reported seizures during physical effort or in the recovery period of ergometric test. Both groups presented physiological heart rate and blood pressure responses during the different stages of the ergometric test. Only few patients presented electrocardiography or echocardiography alterations at rest or during effort. In conclusion, this work suggests that physical effort to exhaustion is not a seizure-induced component.
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    Expression of apoptosis inhibitor protein Mcl1 linked to neuroprotection in CNS neurons
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2004-11-01) Mori, M.; Burgess, D. L.; Gefrides, L. A.; Foreman, P. J.; Opferman, J. T.; Korsmeyer, S. J.; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Maria da Graca [UNIFESP]; Noebels, J. L.; Baylor Coll Med; Harvard Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Mcl1 is a Bcl2-related antiapoptotic protein originally isolated from human myeloid leukemia cells. Unlike Bcl2, expression has not been reported in CNS neurons. We isolated Mcl1 in a direct screen for candidate modifier genes of neuronal vulnerability by differential display of mRNAs upregulated following prolonged seizures in two mouse strains with contrasting levels of hippocampal cell death. Mcl1 is widely expressed in neurons, and transcription is rapidly induced in both strains. in resistant C57Bl/6J mice, Mcl1 protein levels remain persistently elevated in hippocampal pyramidal neurons after seizures, but fall rapidly in C3H/HeJ hippocampus, coinciding with extensive neuronal apoptosis. DNA damage and caspase-mediated cell death were strikingly increased in Mcl1-deficient mice when compared to +/+ littermates after similar seizures. We identify Mcl1 as a neuronal gene responsive to excitotoxic insult in the brain, and link relative levels of Mcl1 expression to inherited differences in neuronal thresholds for apoptosis.
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    Glucose utilisation during status epilepticus in an epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine - A qualitative study
    (Assoc Arquivos de Neuro- Psiquiatria, 2002-06-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Priel, Margareth Rose [UNIFESP]; Calderazzo, Lineu [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency and it is associated to brain damage. 2-deoxy-[C-14] glucose (2-DG) procedure has been used to measure the alterations in the functional activity of the brain induced by various pharmacological and toxicological agents. the aim of this study was to determine which changes occur in the seizure anatomic substrates during the SE induced by pilocarpine (PILO) using [C-14] -2 deoxyglucose functional mapping technique. Wistar male adult rats were submitted to SE PILO-induced for 6h and received [C-14]-2-deoxyglucose injection via jugular vein 45 min before the 611 hour of SE. the control animals were submitted to all procedures but received saline and not pilocarpine. Brain sections were prepared and exposed X-ray film about seven days. the optical density of each region was obtained using a solid state digital analyser. the analysis revealed that C-14-2DG utilisation was pronounced in the SE rats on the areas corresponding to the hippocampal formation (+50.6%), cauclate-putamen (+30.6%), frontoparietal cortex (+32.2%), amygdala (+31.7%), entorrinal cortex (+28.2%), thalamic nucleus (+93.5%), pre-tectal area (+50.1%) and substantia nigra (+50.3%) when compared to control. Our results suggest that the different activation levels of the distinct structures may be particularly important for understanding triggering and spreading mechanisms underlying epileptic activity during status epilepticus.
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    GMI ganglioside prevents seizures, Na+,K+-ATPase activity inhibition and oxidative stress induced by glutaric acid and pentylenetetrazole
    (Elsevier B.V., 2006-06-01) Fighera, M. R.; Royes, LFF; Furian, A. F.; Oliveira, M. S.; Fiorenza, N. G.; Frussa, R.; Petry, J. C.; Coelho, R. C.; Mello, C. F.; Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Monosialoganglioside (GM1) is a glycosphingolipid that protects against some neurological conditions, such as seizures and ischemia. Glutaric acidemia type I (GA-I) is an inherited disease characterized by striatal degeneration, seizures, and accumulation of glutaric acid (GA). in this study, we show that GA inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase activity and increases oxidative damage markers (total protein carbonylation and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances-TBARS) production in striatal homogenates from rats in vitro and ex vivo. It is also shown that GM1 (50 mg/kg, i.p., twice) protects against GA-induced (4 mu mol/striatum) seizures, protein carbonylation, TBARS increase, and inhibition of Na+,K+-ATI`ase activity ex vivo. Convulsive episodes induced by GA strongly correlated with Na+,K+-ATPase activity inhibition in the injected striatum but not with oxidative stress marker measures. Muscimol (46 pmol/striatum), but not MK-801 (3 nmol/ striatum) and DNQX (8 nmol/striatum) prevented GA-induced convulsions, increase of TBARS and protein carbonylation and inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity. the protection of GM1 and muscimol against GA-induced seizures strongly correlated with Na+,K+-ATPase activity maintenance ex vivo. in addition, GM1 (50-200 mu M) protected against Na+K+-ATPase inhibition induced by GA (6 mM) but not against oxidative damage in vitro. GM1 also decreased pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced (1.8 mu mol/striatum) seizures, Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition, and increase of TBARS and protein carbonyl in the striatum. These data suggest that Na+,K+-ATPase and GABA(A) receptor-mediated mechanisms may play important roles in GA-induced seizures and in their prevention by GM1. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Increased sensitivity to seizures in mice lacking cellular prion protein
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999-12-01) Walz, Roger; Amaral, Olavo B.; Rockenbach, Isabel C.; Roesler, Rafael; Izquierdo, Ivan; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Martins, Vilma R.; Brentani, Ricardo R.; Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ludwig Inst Canc Res
    Purpose: the physiologic role of the cellular prion protein (PrPc) is unknown. Mice devoid of PrPc develop normally and show only minor deficits. However, electrophysiologic and histologic alterations found in these mice suggest a possible:role fur PrPc in seizure threshold and/or epilepsy.Methods: We tested the sensitivity of PrPc knockout mice to seizures induced by single convulsant or repeated subconvulsant (kindling) doses of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and to status epilepticus (SE) induced by kainic acid or pilocarpine.Results. in PTZ kindling, seizure severity progressed faster in the PrPc knockout group, in which 92.8% reached stage 5 or death after 4 days of stimulation, as opposed to 38.4% in wildtype animals: After 10 injections, mortality was 85.7% among knockouts and 15.3% among controls. After a single PTZ injection (60 mg/kg), overall mortality due to seizures was 91% in knockout mice, but only 33% among wild-type animals. Pilocarpine-induced SE (320 mg/kg) caused an 86.7% mortality in knockouts, as opposed to 40% in wild-type animals. Finally, after kainic acid injections (10 mg/kg), 70% of the knockouts developed at least one severe seizure, and 50% showed repetitive seizures, whereas no wild-type animal exhibited observable seizures.Conclusions: Animals lacking cellular prion protein expression are more susceptible to seizures induced by various convulsant agents. This is perhaps the most striking alteration yet found in PrPc-null mice, who at first analysis appeared to be completely normal. A possible role for PrPc in chronic and idiopathic (familial), secondary, or cryptogenic epilepsies in humans remains to be investigated.
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    Is cold the new hot in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy? Effect of low temperature on heart rate of rats with epilepsy
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2008-12-01) Sonoda, Eliza Yumi de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Colugnati, Diego Basile [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Pansani, Aline Priscila [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Antonio-carlos G. de; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes; Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica
    Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the commonest cause of seizure-related mortality in people with refractory epilepsy. Several risk factors for SUDEP are described; however, the importance of including low temperatures as risk factor for SUDEP was never explored. Based on this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the heart rate of rats with epilepsy during low temperature exposure. Our results showed that low temperature clearly increased the heart rate of rats with epilepsy. Taken together, we concluded that exposure to low temperatures could be considered important risk factors from cardiovascular abnormalities and hence sudden cardiac death in epilepsy.
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    Is there something special about cardiovascular abnormalities and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy among patients with chronic renal insufficiency in regular hemodialysis program?
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-06-01) Gomes, Rui A. [UNIFESP]; Kesrouani, Silvana; Cruz, Jenner; Silva, Alexandre L.; Henriques, Tânia M.g.; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Sonoda, Eliza Yumi de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Instituto de Nefrologia de Mogi das Cruzes; Universidade Mackenzie Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbio do Desenvolvimento; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Of the many risk factors suggested for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), higher frequency of seizures is a very consistent issue. Following this reasoning, it has been established that hemodialysis-associated seizure is a complication of dialysis procedure. Based on these facts, this study investigated a possible association between cardiovascular abnormalities and SUDEP among patients with chronic renal insufficiency in regular hemodialysis program. For that, a retrospective medical history of 209 patients was reviewed to investigate the occurrence of convulsive seizures and EKG abnormalities during dialytic program. Three patients presented generalized tonic-clonic seizures, one had partial seizure with secondary generalization, and one presented unclassified seizure. Any EKG abnormalities and SUDEP event were found in all patients evaluated. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated uncommon the occurrence of seizures and also SUDEP. Probably, the main justification to not allow us to demonstrated a direct relation between SUDEP and cardiovascular diseases in hemodialysis are the reduced number of cases examined.
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    Long-term cosequences of intrahippocampal kainate injection in the Proechimys guyannensis rodent
    (Elsevier B.V., 2005-07-01) Arida, R. M.; Scorza, F. A.; Carvalho, R. D.; Cavalheiro, E. A.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Morgi Cruzes
    The Proechimys guyannensis (PG), a spiny rodent specie living in the Amazonian region has been recently studied as an animal model of anti-convulsant mechanisms. the PG was found to be resistant to the administration of the muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine or the amygdala kindling development. This study examined the susceptibility of this animal species to the intrahippocampal kainic acid (KA) injection. Electrographic, behavioral and neuropathological changes induced by intrahippocampal KA injections were analyzed. PG showed to be extremely sensitive to the acute effects of the KA injection. Although the EEG findings in PG rodents were similar to those typically obtained in Wistar rats the pattern of electrographic activity in PG animals was longer than in Wistar rats. Neuropathological examinations of PG brains that survived KA-induced SE revealed severe cell loss in CA1/CA3 areas of the hippocampus, an extensive cell dispersion in the hilus of DG at the injected site with mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus supragranular layer. None of PG animals presented spontaneous seizures during the 120 days of observation. These findings confirm our previous observation on the resistance of this animal specie to experimental models of limbic epilepsy. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    The mistery of Gustave Flaubert's death: could sudden unexpected death in epilepsy be part of the context?
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-06-01) Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. Information concerning risk factors for SUDEP is conflicting, but high seizure frequency is a potential risk factor. Additionally, potential pathomechanisms for SUDEP are unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac arrhythmias during and between seizures or transmission of epileptic activity to the heart via the autonomic nervous system potentially play a role. More than two decades ago, temporal lobe epilepsy was suggested as having been the ''nervous disease'' of Gustave Flaubert, one of the most important French novelists. In these lines, as the circumstances of his death were the subject of fabulous and mysterious speculations, we postulated in this paper that Falubert' death could be due SUDEP phenomenon.
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    Physical exercise in rats with epilepsy is protective against seizures: evidence of animal studies
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-12-01) Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde
    People with epilepsy have been discouraged from participating in physical activity due to the fear that it will exacerbate seizures. Clinical and animal studies indicate a reduction of seizure frequency as well as decrease susceptibility to subsequently evoked seizures after an exercise program. Analyses from experimental studies of animals with epilepsy submitted to physical training programs were performed. In all studies the physical training was able to reduce the number of spontaneous seizures in rats with epilepsy. Seizure occurrence during exercise was relatively absent in the majority of studies. No death was found in animals with epilepsy during 1680 h of exercise. Based on these results it is plausible encouraging persons with epilepsy to non-pharmacological treatments and preventative measures such as physical exercise.
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    Physical training does not influence interictal LCMRglu in pilocarpine-treated rats with epilepsy
    (Elsevier B.V., 2003-09-01) Arida, R. M.; Fernandes, MJD; Scorza, F. A.; Preti, S. C.; Cavalheiro, E. A.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Mogi Cruzes
    This study evaluated, using local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (LCMRglu) in 39 brain regions, whether physical training modifies the functional activity in rats with epilepsy. Most animals present seizures at rest rather than during exercise and LCMRglu was measured during the interictal phase of the chronic period of a pilocarpine model of epilepsy by the [C-14]2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method. Wistar rats were allocated randomly into four groups: control rats (n=6), rats with epilepsy (n=6), trained control rats (n=6), and trained rats with epilepsy (n=6). Trained control rats did not show significant changes in LCMRglu when compared to control rats. LCMRglu was significantly higher in rats with epilepsy in the lateral posterior thalamic nucleus and in the visual cortex compared to control rats. Trained rats with epilepsy presented a higher LCMRglu than rats with epilepsy only in the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex. Increases in LCMRglu were also observed in the inferior colliculus of trained rats with epilepsy when compared to the trained control rats. Taken together, the results suggest that physical training does not influence interictal LCMRglu metabolism in most cerebral regions of rats with epilepsy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Primary structure, behavioral and electroencephalographic effects of an epileptogenic peptide from the sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum.
    (Elsevier B.V., 2005-02-01) Cunha, R. B.; Santana, ANC; Amaral, P. C.; Carvalho, MDF; Carvalho, DMF; Cavalheiro, E. A.; Maigret, B.; Ricart, CAO; Cardi, B. A.; Sousa, M. V.; Carvalho, K. M.; UECE; Universidade de Brasília (UnB); Univ Nancy 1; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The primary structure of cangitoxin (CGX), a 4958 Da peptide from the sea anemone Bunodosoma cangicum, was determined: GVACRCDSDGPTVRGNSLSGTLWLTGGCPSGWHNCRGSGPFIGYCCKK. CGX contains all the 11 residues that are conserved and the 5 that are conservatively substituted within or between the type 1 and type 2 sequences of se-a anemone peptides with specific action on voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Furthermore, it also has 6 identities (Asp9, Arg14, Asn16, Leu18, Trp33 and Lys48) and 1 homology (Arg36) in the 8 residues of the pharmacophore of the sea anemone ApB which are essential for interaction with mammalian sodium channels. the intrahippocampal injection of CGX induces several sequential behavioral alterations-episodes of akinesia alternating with facial automatisms and head tremor, salivation, rearing. jumping, barrel-rolling, wet dog shakes and forelimb clonic movements-and the electroencephalography analysis shows that they were followed by important seizure periods that gradually evolved to status epilepticus that lasted 8-12 h, similar to that observed in the acute phase of the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. These results suggest that CGX may be an important tool to develop a new experimental model of status epilepticus which may contribute to understanding the etiology of epilepsy and to test the effects of new antiepileptic drugs. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.