Navegando por Palavras-chave "schizophrenia"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 48
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Adaptação cultural, validade e confiabilidade da versão brasileira do Inventário de Habilidades de Vida Independente: versão do paciente (ILSS-BR/P), na esquizofrenia
    (Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2012-01-01) Martini, Larissa Campagna [UNIFESP]; Attux, Cecília [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BACKGROUND: There is a strong association between good psychosocial functioning and the ability to carry out everyday tasks in patients with schizophrenia. Valid instruments become increasingly necessary to evaluate the performance of these patients in independent living activities. OBJECTIVE: To adapt and assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS-BR/P) in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Reliability was assessed with test-retest, interrater and internal consistency. Furthermore, construct, discriminant and concurrent validity were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included in the interrater study, with an agreement of 64.4% between responses and an Intraclass Correlation (ICC) ranged from 0.80-0.99. Forty-six patients participated in the test-retest, with an ICC ranged from 0.84-0.94 and an agreement of 44.3%. The internal consistency was good (0.23-0.98). Hundred and sixty patients participated in the validation. Regarding to the discriminant validity, female patients presented a higher performance in the overall score and five subscales compared with men. The concurrent validity confirmed the specificity of the dimensions of the scale, comparing the ILSS with the PANSS, Calgary, CGI, GAF, WHOQOL and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem. DISCUSSION: The ILSS-BR/P is a valid and reliable research instrument to assess social functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    AKT1 and neurocognition in schizophrenia
    (Informa Healthcare-taylor & Francis, 2007-02-01) Pinheiro, Andrea Poyastro [UNIFESP]; Keefe, Richard S. E.; Skelly, Tara; Olarte, Megan; Leviel, Keren; Lange, Leslie A.; Lange, Ethan M.; Stroup, T. Scott; Lieberman, Jeffrey; Sullivan, Patrick F.; Karolinska Inst; Univ N Carolina; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Duke Univ; Columbia Univ
    Objective: Previous research has shown conflicting results for the significance of five v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the aetiology of schizophrenia. Neurocognition is a plausible enclophenotype for schizophrenia and it was reasoned that the lack of agreement might be due to variability in neurocognition across studies. Therefore, the association of genetic variation in AKT1 with neurocognition was investigated in patients with schizophrenia.Methods: The same five SNPs used in previous studies of the etiology of schizophrenia (rs2494732, rs2498799, rs3730358, rs1130241, and rs3803300) were genotyped in 641 individuals with schizophrenia who had participated in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project. The primary dependent variable was a neurocognitive composite score and exploratory analyses investigated five domain scores (processing speed, reasoning, verbal memory, working memory, and vigilance).Results: There were no significant asymptotic or empirical associations between any SNP and the neurocognitive composite score. The authors also investigated the association of five-SNP haplotypes with the neurocognitive composite score. A marginally significant association was observed for the neurocognitive composite score with one of the five-SNP haplotypes (global score statistic 19.51, df =9, permutation p =0.02). Exploratory analyses of five domain scores (processing speed, reasoning, verbal memory, working memory, and vigilance) were non-significant for all five SNPs.Conclusion: Results published to date for an association between genetic variation in AKT1 with schizophrenia are inconsistent. The results suggest that the AKT1 markers studied are not associated with neurocognition in schizophrenia, and do not support unassessed variation in neurocognitive scores as a reason for this discrepancy.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Analytical approaches for lipidomics and its potential applications in neuropsychiatric disorders
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Sethi, Sumit [UNIFESP]; Hayashi, Mirian A. [UNIFESP]; Sussulini, Alessandra; Tasic, Ljubica; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]
    Objectives: In this review, the authors discuss an overview of lipidomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of human diseases, including extraction methods of lipids, analytical techniques and clinical research in neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: Lipidomics is a lipid-targeted metabolomics approach aiming at the comprehensive analysis of lipids in biological systems. Recent technological advancements in mass spectrometry and chromatography have greatly enhanced the development and applications of metabolic profiling of diverse lipids in complex biological samples. Results: An effective evaluation of the clinical course of diseases requires the application of very precise diagnostic and assessment approaches as early as possible. In order to achieve this, omics strategies offer new opportunities for biomarker identification and/or discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological pathways understanding for diseases beyond traditional methodologies. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of lipidomics for the future perspectives as a tool for biomarker identification and discovery and its clinical application.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Ateliê de desenho e Rorschach: estudo fenômeno-estrutural
    (Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, 2010-04-01) Santoantonio, Jacqueline [UNIFESP]; Antúnez, Andrés Eduardo Aguirre; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    The production of drawings in group and the Rorschach test were used in the course of a semi-intensive psychiatric treatment of a patient with schizophrenia cared for in a Psychosocial Care Center. The structural-phenomenological method, which aims to understand individuals' way of being and experiencing a disease based on what they reveal in images and language, was used. The patient inserted colors, which represent affective expression, on drawings of achromatic colors and integrated human figures on deformed human contents showing availability in relationships. The Rorschach indicates a more appropriate contact with reality given the diminished distorted perception of fantasized form and figures. The patient was discharged after persecutory symptoms and social isolation decreased. The use of such techniques has aided the difficult task of diagnosing and monitoring changes in patients in multidisciplinary mental health care.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Cannabidiol Prevents Motor and Cognitive Impairments Induced by Reserpine in Rats
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2016) Peres, Fernanda Fiel [UNIFESP]; Leyin, Raquel [UNIFESP]; Suiama, Mayra Akimi [UNIFESP]; Diana, Mariana Cepollaro [UNIFESP]; Gouvea, Douglas Albuquerque [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Valeria [UNIFESP]; Santos, Camila Mauricio [UNIFESP]; Lungato, Lisandro [UNIFESP]; Zuardi, Antonio W.; Hallak, Jaime E. C.; Crippa, Jose A.; D'Almeida, Vania [UNIFESP]; Silva, Regina Helena da [UNIFESP]; Abilio, Vanessa Costhek [UNIFESP]
    Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa that presents antipsychotic, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. In Parkinson's disease patients, CBD is able to attenuate the psychotic symptoms induced by L-DOPA and to improve quality of life. Repeated administration of reserpine in rodents induces motor impairments that are accompanied by cognitive deficits, and has been applied to model both tardive dyskinesia and Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated whether CBD administration would attenuate reserpine-induced motor and cognitive impairments in rats. Male Wistar rats received four injections of CBD (0.5 or 5 mg/kg) or vehicle (days 2-5). On days 3 and 5, animals received also one injection of 1 mg/kg reserpine or vehicle. Locomotor activity, vacuous chewing movements, and catalepsy were assessed from day 1 to day 7. On days 8 and 9, we evaluated animals' performance on the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task, for learning/memory assessment. CBD (0.5 and 5 mg/kg) attenuated the increase in catalepsy behavior and in oral movements - but not the decrease in locomotion induced by reserpine. CBD (0.5 mg/kg) also ameliorated the reserpine-induced memory deficit in the discriminative avoidance task. Our data show that CBD is able to attenuate motor and cognitive impairments induced by reserpine, suggesting the use of this compound in the pharmacotherapy of Parkinson's disease and tardive dyskinesia.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Cannabidiol, among Other Cannabinoid Drugs, Modulates Prepulse Inhibition of Startle in the SHR Animal Model: Implications for Schizophrenia Pharmacotherapy
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2016) Peres, Fernanda F. [UNIFESP]; Levin, Raquel [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Valeria [UNIFESP]; Zuardi, Antonio W.; Hallak, Jaime E.; Crippa, Jose A.; Abilio, Vanessa C. [UNIFESP]
    Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that involves positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Prepulse inhibition of startle reflex (PPI) is a paradigm that assesses the sensorimotor gating functioning and is impaired in schizophrenia patients as well as in animal models of this disorder. Recent data point to the participation of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Here, we focus on the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the PPI deficit of animal models of schizophrenia, with greater focus on the SHR (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) strain, and on the future prospects resulting from these findings.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Caracterização do papel das endopeptidases (ndel1 e da eca) na esquizofrenia: um estudo translacional e multimodal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-04-30) Araripe Neto, Ary Gadelha de Alencar [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: NDEL1 oligopeptidase interacts with schizophrenia (SCZ) risk gene product DISC1 and mediates several functions related to neurite outgrowth and neuronal migration. NDEL1 also hydrolyses neuropeptides previously implicated in SCZ, namely neurotensin and bradykinin. Methodology: Herein, we compared the plasma NDEL1 enzyme activity of 92 SCZ patients and 96 healthy controls (HCs). NDEL1 enzyme activity was determined by fluorimetric measurements of the FRET peptide substrate Abz-GFSPFRQ-EDDnp hydrolysis rate. Results: A 31% lower mean value for NDEL1 activity was observed in SCZ patients compared to HCs (Student’s t = 4.36; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.64). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for NDEL1 enzyme activity and SCZ/HCs status as outcome was 0.70. Treatmentresistant (TR) SCZ patients were shown to present a significantly lower NDEL1 activity compared to non-TR (NTR) patients by t-test analysis (t = 2.25; p = 0.027). A lower enzymatic activity was significantly associated with both NTR (p = 0.002; B = 1.19; OR = 3.29; CI 95% 1.57-6.88) and TR patients (p < 0.001; B = 2.27; OR = 9.64; CI 95% 4.12-22.54). No correlation between NDEL1 enzyme activity and antipsychotic dose, nicotine dependence, and body mass index was observed. Conclusion: This study is the first to show differences in NDEL1 activity in SCZ patients compared to HCs, besides with a significant lower activity for TR patients compared to NTR patients. Our findings support the NDEL1 enzyme activity implications to clinical practice in terms of diagnosis and drug treatment of SCZ.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Changes in gene expression and methylation in the blood of patients with first-episode psychosis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2014-11-01) Ota, Vanessa Kiyomi [UNIFESP]; Noto, Cristiano [UNIFESP]; Gadelha, Ary [UNIFESP]; Santoro, Marcos Leite [UNIFESP]; Spindola, Leticia Maria [UNIFESP]; Gouvea, Eduardo Sauerbronn [UNIFESP]; Stilhano, Roberta Sessa [UNIFESP]; Ortiz, Bruno Bertolucci [UNIFESP]; Silva, Patricia Natalia [UNIFESP]; Sato, Joao Ricardo [UNIFESP]; Han, Sang Won [UNIFESP]; Cordeiro, Quirino [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Belangero, Sintia Iole [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); ISCMSP; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)
    Schizophrenia is a severe mental health disorder with high heritability. the investigation of individuals during their first-episode psychosis (FEP), before the progression of psychotic disorders and especially before treatment with antipsychotic medications, is particularly helpful for understanding this complex disease and for the identification of potential biomarkers. in this study, we compared the expression of genes that are involved in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment of antipsychotic-naive FEP in the peripheral blood of patients (n=51) and healthy controls (n=51). in addition, we investigated the differentially expressed genes with respect to a) DNA methylation, b) the correlation between gene expression and clinical variables (PANSS), and c) gene expression changes after risperidone treatment. Expression levels of 11 genes were quantified with SYBR Green. for methylation analysis, bisulfite sequencing was performed. A significant decrease in GCH1 mRNA levels was observed in FEP patients relative to controls. Also, when we compare the FEP patients after risperidone treatment with controls, this difference remains significant, and no significant differences were observed in GCH1 mRNA levels when comparing patients before and after risperidone treatment. Additionally, although the differences were non-significant after Bonferroni correction, the expression of GCH1 seemed to be correlated with PANSS scores, and the GCH1 promoter region was more methylated in FEP than in controls, thus corroborating the results obtained at the mRNA level. Few studies have been conducted on GCH1, and future studies are needed to clarify its potential role in the progression of schizophrenia. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Chromosome X Aneuploidy in Brazilian Schizophrenic Patients
    (Int Inst Anticancer Research, 2010-05-01) De Moraes, Leopoldo Silva; Khayat, Andre Salim [UNIFESP]; Lima De Lima, Patricia Danielle; Lima, Eleonidas Moura; Pinto, Giovanny Reboucas; Leal, Mariana Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Smith, Marilia de Arruda Cardoso [UNIFESP]; Burbano, Rommel Rodriguez [UNIFESP]; Univ Fed Piaui; Fed Univ Para; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The identification of cytogenetic abnormalities in schizophrenic patients may provide clues to the genes involved in this disease. For this reason, a chromosomal analysis of samples from 62 schizophrenics and 70 controls was performed with trypsin-Giemsa banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization of the X chromosome. A clonal pericentric inversion on chromosome 9 was detected in one male patient, and we also discovered mosaicism associated with X chromosome aneuploidy in female patients, primarily detected in schizophrenic and normal female controls over 40 years old. When compared with age-matched female controls, the frequency of X chromosome loss was not significantly different between schizophrenics and controls, except for the 40- to 49-year-old age group. Our findings suggest that the X chromosome loss seen in schizophrenic patients is inherent to the normal cellular aging process. However, our data also suggest that X chromosome gain may he correlated with schizophrenia in this Brazilian population.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Cognição social na esquizofrenia: um enfoque em habilidades teoria da mente
    (Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009-01-01) Tonelli, Helio; Alvarez, Cristiano Estevez [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Paraná Instituto de Psiquiatria do Paraná; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Theory of mind is the term used to designate human abilities to infer the state of mind or intentions of others. Such abilities are part of a major group of cognitive capabilities specifically related to social behavior, known as social cognition. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that usually consists of severe social functioning. There are many studies available on the relations between disorders of theory of mind abilities and schizophrenia symptoms. Many authors believe that schizophrenia symptoms might be directly understood by focusing on some changes in Theory of Mind abilities. Other authors claim that such changes observed in schizophrenic patients are the result of their general cognitive impairment. There are still few studies related to the impact of the use of antipsychotics on social cognition and Theory of Mind abilities, which present methodological problems.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Conhecimento sobre a doença e expectativas do tratamento em familiares de pacientes no primeiro episódio psicótico: um estudo transversal
    (Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 2005-04-01) Cabral, Rita Regina Fabri [UNIFESP]; Chaves, Ana Cristina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    INTRODUCTION: Family members are important in the care and recovery of first-episode psychotic patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge of the disease and the treatment expectations of the relatives of patients at their first psychotic episode. METHOD: Before participating in a multi-family group, relatives of first-episode psychotic patients answered a questionnaire concerning their knowledge of the illness and their treatment expectations. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 47 women (82.5%) and 10 men (17.5%), mostly mothers. Answers showed no or little knowledge about the psychotic crisis, its symptoms, treatment and medication. Sixteen (28%) individuals did not provide an answer for the question about what they would like to discuss in the multi-family group, 12 (21%) wanted to know how to deal with and care for their ill relative, six (10.5%) would like to talk about everything, six (10.5%) wanted to understand the patient's problem, and the remaining 17 patients (30%) wanted to talk about the illness and related subjects. DISCUSSION: The results show that there is little knowledge about the disease, and that the relatives of first-episode psychotic patients are interested to know how to deal with the situation. CONCLUSION: Relatives of first-episode psychotic patients should be offered receptiveness and information. This can have a positive influence on the adherence to treatment, the quality of family relations, and the outcome.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    A cross-sectional study to investigate current social adjustment of offspring of patients with schizophrenia
    (Dr Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag, 2007-06-01) Cesar Terzian, Angela Cristina; Andreoli, Sergio Baxter; Oliveira, Lygia Merini de; Mari, Jair de Jesus; McGrath, John; Univ Fed Mato Grosso; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Queensland
    Objective To investigate the impact of parental disorder in the life of adult offspring by evaluating education, current employment and marital status of a sample of offspring of patients with schizophrenia and comparing findings with population rates. Methods A sample of 489 patients with DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia was identified in the public outpatient mental health services of the city of Cuiaba, Brazil. of these patients, 294 had children, and a total of 828 offspring were identified. Data for 431 offspring aged 18 years or older were collected using a structured questionnaire answered by the patient-parent and a family member. Results the percentage of age-grade discrepancy for offspring aged 18 and 19 years was 59.2% (95% CI 45.4-73.0), not significantly different from the discrepancy rate for the same age group in the general population, which was 71.1%. Offspring of patients with schizophrenia had a significantly poorer employment situation than the general population (66.7% and 75.6%; 95% CI 62.1-71.3). Fewer male offspring were married than males in the general population (54.7% and 66.0%; 95% CI 48.2-61.2). Conclusion Adult offspring of patients with schizophrenia had social adjustment problems that were markedly reflected in employment and marital status.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Cytokines in schizophrenia: Possible role of anti-inflammatory medications in clinical and preclinical stages
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-06-01) Mansur, Rodrigo Barbachan [UNIFESP]; Zugman, Andre [UNIFESP]; Asevedo, Elson de Miranda [UNIFESP]; Cunha, Graccielle Rodrigues da [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Aims: in this paper, we review the literature on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents as neuroprotectors in clinical and preclinical stages of schizophrenia. Method: A synthetic and integrative approach was applied to review studies stemming from epidemiology, phenomenology, cognition, genetics and neuroimaging data. We provide conclusions and future directions of research on early-onset schizophrenia. Results: Abnormal inflammatory activation has been demonstrated in schizophrenia. Increases or imbalances in cytokines before birth or during childhood may impact neurodevelopment and produce vulnerability to schizophrenia. the specificity of inflammatory abnormalities in psychiatric disorders is controversial. Similar increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines have been described in other disorders, especially mood and anxiety disorders. One of the most important challenges at this point is the understanding of neurobiological correlates of prodromal stages of schizophrenia. Conclusion: Although future research should investigate the exact role of different cytokines in pathophysiology of schizophrenia, these mediators emerge as promising molecular targets to its prevention and treatment.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Depressive episodes in stable schizophrenia: critical evaluation of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria
    (Elsevier B.V., 2003-01-25) Bressan, R. A.; Chaves, A. C.; Pilowsky, L. S.; Shirakawa, I; Mari, J. J.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Inst Psychiat
    Depressive episodes are a common and potentially severe occurrence in schizophrenia but are poorly recognised by psychiatrists. Coherent diagnostic criteria are necessary to improve diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. To evaluate the usefulness of the ICD-10 category of post-schizophrenic depression (PSD) and the DSM-IV category of postpsychotic depressive disorder of schizophrenia (PDDS), 80 clinically stable schizophrenic outpatients were evaluated with two independent measures of depression, a dimensional measure and a categorical measure. One rater applied the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive episodes (MDE), and the other applied the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale. Thirteen patients (16.3%) met criteria for MDE. All of them met the DSM-IV PDDS research criteria, but only two patients matched the ICD-10 PSD criteria, which require that the episode occurred in the 12 months after the last psychotic episode. There was no significant difference in the incidence of depressive episodes within 12 months after an acute psychotic episode and outside this time period. the data suggest that depressive episodes in schizophrenia are not restricted to the first year following the psychotic episode. Useful criteria for depressive episodes in schizophrenia should avoid a temporal relation with the psychotic episode. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Diagnostic stability over one year in first-episode psychosis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2006-09-01) Addington, Jean; Chaves, Ana; Addington, Donald; Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth; Univ Toronto; Univ Calgary; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Results of first-episode psychosis studies have shown that the diagnosis of schizophrenia is more stable across time than other diagnoses within the psychosis spectrum disorders. the objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic stability in a sample of first-episode patients and to determine the factors that predicted a diagnostic shift. Two hundred and twenty-eight individuals presenting for treatment with a first episode of non-affective psychosis were diagnosed at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Symptoms, functioning and cognition were also assessed. the overall consistency of diagnoses was 68% with an increase to 89% when schizophreniform was excluded. Schizophrenia was found to have the highest prospective consistency (95%), schizophreniform was less stable (36%) with shifts towards schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were the least stable with a prospective consistency of 62%. Schizophrenia had the largest influx of cases at follow-up with a retrospective consistency of 63%. Schizophrenia can be reliably diagnosed at the initial assessment. There are clinical implications for dealing with the risk of shifting diagnosis for those who present with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Effects of cannabinoid drugs on the deficit of prepulse inhibition of startle in an animal model of schizophrenia: the SHR strain
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-02-06) Levin, Raquel [UNIFESP]; Peres, Fernanda Fiel [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Valeria [UNIFESP]; Calzavara, Mariana Bendlin [UNIFESP]; Zuardi, Antonio W.; Hallak, Jaime E. C.; Crippa, Jose Alexandre S.; Abilio, Vanessa Costhek [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Natl Council Sci & Technol Dev
    Clinical and neurobiological findings suggest that the cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system may be implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. We described that the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) strain presents a schizophrenia behavioral phenotype that is specifically attenuated by antipsychotic drugs, and potentiated by proschizophrenia manipulations. Based on these findings, we have suggested this strain as an animal model of schizophrenia. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the deficit of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle, the main paradigm used to study sensorimotor gating impairment related to schizophrenia, presented by the SHR strain. the following drugs were used: (1) WIN55212,2 (cannabinoid agonist), (2) rimonabant (CB1 antagonist), (3) AM404 (anandamide uptake inhibitor), and (4) cannabidiol (CBD; indirect CB1/CB2 receptor antagonist, among other effects). VVistar rats (VVRs) and SHRs were treated with vehicle (VEH) or different doses of WIN55212 (0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg), rimonabant (0.75, 1.5, or 3 mg/kg), AM404 (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg), or CBD (15, 30, or 60 mg/kg). VEH-treated SHRs showed a decreased PPI when compared to VVRs. This PPI deficit was reversed by 1 mg/kg WIN and 30 mg/kg CBD. Conversely, 0.75 mg/kg rimonabant decreased PPI in SHR strain, whereas AM404 did not modify it. Our results reinforce the role of the endocannabinoid system in the sensorimotor gating impairment related to schizophrenia, and point to cannabinoid drugs as potential therapeutic strategies.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Effects of Risperidone on Cytokine Profile in Drug-Naive First-Episode Psychosis
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2015-02-01) Noto, Cristiano [UNIFESP]; Ota, Vanessa Kiyomi; Gouvea, Eduardo S.; Rizzo, Lucas B. [UNIFESP]; Spindola, Leticia M. N. [UNIFESP]; Honda, Pedro H. S.; Cordeiro, Quirino [UNIFESP]; Belangero, Sintia Iole [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Gadelha, Ary [UNIFESP]; Maes, Michael; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São Paulo; Deakin Univ; Chulalongkorn Univ
    Background: There is robust evidence that schizophrenia is characterized by immune-inflammatory abnormalities, including variations on cytokine levels. the results of previous studies, however, are heterogeneous due to several confounding factors, such as the effects of antipsychotic drugs. Therefore, research on drug-naive first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients is essential to elucidate the role of immune processes in that disorder.Methods: the aim of this study is to compare cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-17) in drug-naive FEP patients both before and after treatment with risperidone for 10 weeks, and to investigate possible associations between cytokine levels and clinical responses to treatment and presence of depressive symptoms. It this study, we included 55 drug-naive FEP patients who had repeated measurements of cytokine levels and 57 healthy controls.Results: We found that FEP patients had significantly higher IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels than healthy controls. After risperidone treatment, these three cytokines and additionally IL-4 decreased significantly. No significant difference was found between the post-treatment cytokine levels in FEP patients and in healthy controls, suggesting that these alterations in cytokine profiles are a state marker of FEP. No significant association was found between risperidone-induced changes in cytokines and the clinical response to treatment or the presence of depression. There was a significant inverse association between the risperidone-induced changes in IL-10 and the negative symptoms.Conclusions: in conclusion, our results show a specific cytokine profile in FEP patients (monocytic and regulatory T-cell activation) and suggest immunoregulatory effects of risperidone treatment, characterized by suppressant effects on monocytic, Th2, and T-regulatory functions.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Effects of sodium nitroprusside in the prevention of schizophrenia-like symptoms induced by ketamine - A translational double-blind study
    (Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Psiquiatria, 2017) Rezende, Tatiana M. N.; Maia-de-Oliveira, Joao Paulo; Kandratavicius, Ludmyla; Machado-de-Sousa, Joao Paulo; Abrao, Joao; Prado, Daniel Almeida; Bressan, Rodrigo A. [UNIFESP]; Lacerda, Acioly L. T. [UNIFESP]; Zuardi, Antonio W.; Baker, Glen B.; Dursun, Serdar M.; Hallak, Jaime E. C.
    Background: Recent evidence has shown improvements in schizophrenia symptoms after the infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. In the rat model of schizophrenia using ketamine injection, pretreatment with SNP seems to prevent behavioral changes associated with positive symptoms for up to one week. Objective: We investigated whether SNP would have preventative effects on psychogenic symptoms induced by ketamine in healthy subjects. Methods: Healthy subjects (N = 38) were assigned to distinct groups that received SNP in different doses (0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 mcg/kg/min). First, participants received an infusion of SNP or placebo over 75 minutes. After 10 minutes, they were injected for 1 minute with a bolus of 0.26 mg/kg of ketamine and a maintenance dose was started 5 minutes later, with 0.25 mg/kg/h of ketamine for 50 minutes. Results: Ketamine-induced psychopathological alterations induced were reduced by SNP, as assessed with the Brief Psychological Rating Scale. Scores in the objective subscale of the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale were also lower in SNP sessions compared to placebo. SNP had protective effects against deterioration in facial emotion and identity recognition tasks induced by ketamine. Discussion: Our findings support the view that SNP has preventative properties against psychotic manifestations.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Functioning in early and late stages of schizophrenia
    (Associação de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014-12-01) Costa, Leonardo Gazzi; Massuda, Raffael; Pedrini, Mariana; Passos, Ives Cavalcante; Czepielewski, Leticia Sanguinetti; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Gama, Clarissa Severino; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UFRGS Graduate Program in Medicine: Psychiatry INCT-TM, HCPA
    INTRODUCTION:Schizophrenia is frequently associated with a debilitating course and prominent impairment in social and occupational functioning. Although the criteria for classification into stages have not been defined in the literature, illness duration and functioning seem to be good candidates.OBJECTIVE:To compare functioning of patients with schizophrenia at different stages of the disease (early vs. late) and healthy sex- and age-matched controls.METHODS:This double-blinded, case-controlled study included 79 individuals: 23 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed up to 5 years earlier; 19 patients with schizophrenia diagnosed at least 20 years earlier; and healthy matched controls. Diagnoses were established using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) Axis I Disorder. Functioning was assessed using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST).RESULTS:Patients in the early stage had significantly higher scores than healthy controls in total FAST and in autonomy, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning and interpersonal relationships. Individuals in the late stage had significantly poorer functioning than controls in all domains. The comparison of functioning between the two groups of patients revealed no significant differences, except in occupational functioning, in which late stage patients had a poorer performance.CONCLUSION:Functioning impairment in schizophrenia tends to remain stable despite illness duration. Therefore, functioning should be effectively assessed at an early stage, as illness duration alone may not be the most reliable criterion to stage patients with schizophrenia.
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    The fundamental frequency of voice and its correlations with the five sounds of the traditional Chinese Medicine
    (Cognizant Communication Corp, 2007-01-01) Barros, Fernando Cesar Dotta de [UNIFESP]; Barros, Soraia Elias de; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The Fundamental Frequency of Voice (F-0) is one of the patterns of voice evaluation, where the sound of a prolonged vowel spoken is measured by a chromatic tuner, and the result is obtained in a musical tone. We investigated the correlations of the Fundamental Frequency of Voice and the 5 sounds of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We determined the tones corresponding to the sounds related in the ancient book Ling Shu, which are Zhi (), Yu(), Gong (), Shang () and Jue (), using the Bi-Digital O-Ring Test and histological slides of the following human organs: heart, kidney, pancreas, lung and liver. We also investigated the F-0 in interned patients with the following western medicine diagnosis: schizophrenia, kidney failure and hepatic failure. The results are discussed, and suggest that the Fo can be used as a complementary diagnostic tool in Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture.