Navegando por Palavras-chave "religion"
Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAssociation of Sociodemographic Factors with Hope for Cure, Religiosity, and Spirituality in Patients with Venous Ulcers(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015-02-01) Salomé, Geraldo Magela [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Sergio Aguinaldo de; Ferreira, Lydia Masako [UNIFESP]; Univ Vale do Sapucai UNIVAS; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with hope for cure and levels of religiosity and spirituality in patients with venous leg ulcers (VLUs).DESIGN: This was a primary, prospective, descriptive, analytical, clinical, nonrandomized study. SETTING: The study was performed at a nursing care and education center of a university hospital in interior Minas Gerais, Brazil.PATIENTS: A convenience sample of 50 adult patients with VLUs and Doppler ankle-brachial index ranging from 0.8 to 1.0 participated in the study. Patients with mixed ulcers, arterial ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers were excluded from the study.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A questionnaire assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients, the Spirituality Self-rating Scale (SSRS), and the Herth Hope Index (HHI) were administered to all patients. MAIN RESULTS: The mean SSRS score was 10.20, and the mean HHI was 25.5, corresponding to low levels of spirituality and moderate hope for cure, respectively. Patients aged between 50 and 59 years, men, nonsmokers, and those who were unemployed had the lowest mean SSRS scores. The lowest mean HHI values were reported by patients whose ulcers had exudate and odor, those aged 20 to 39 years, retired, and living with the wound for 1 year or less. Patients who had no religion or were not practicing a religion and those who considered living with an ulcer as a punishment reported low SSRS scores.CONCLUSION: The results showed that most patients with VLUs had low levels of spirituality, did not perceive divine intervention in their daily life or practice religious activities such as prayer, and had moderate hope for cure.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAyahuasca in adolescence: A neuropsychological assessment(Haight-ashbury Publ, 2005-06-01) Doering-Silveira, Evelyn; Lopez, Enrique; Grob, Charles S.; Rios, Marlene Dobkin de; Alonso, Luisa K.; Tacla, Cristiane; Shirakawa, Itiro; Bertolucci, Paulo H.; Da Silveira, Dartiu X.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Calif Los Angeles; Harbor UCLA Med Ctr; Univ Calif Irvine; Universidade de Brasília (UnB)The purpose of the study was to evaluate neuropsychologically adolescents who use ayahuasca in a religious context. A battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to adolescents who use ayahuasca. These subjects were compared to a matched control group of adolescents who did not use ayahuasca. The controls were matched with regards to sex, age, and education. The neuropsychological battery included tests of speeded attention, visual search, sequencing, psychomotor speed, verbal and visual abilities, memory, and mental flexibility. The statistical results for subjects from matched controls on neuropsychological measures were computed using independent t-tests. Overall, statistical findings suggested that there was no significant difference between the two groups on neuropsychological measures. Even though, the data overall supports that there was not a difference between ayahuasca users and matched controls on neuropsychological measures, further studies are necessary to support these findings.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAyahuasca in adolescence: A preliminary psychiatric assessment(Haight-ashbury Publ, 2005-06-01) Da Silveira, D. X.; Grob, Charles S.; Rios, Marlene Dobkin de; Lopez, Enrique; Alonso, Luisa K.; Tacla, Cristiane; Doering-Silveira, Evelyn; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Harbor UCLA Med Ctr; Univ Calif Irvine; Univ Calif Los Angeles; Universidade de Brasília (UnB)Ayahuasca is believed to be harmless for those (including adolescents) drinking it within a religious setting. Nevertheless controlled studies on the mental/ psychiatric status of ritual hallucinogenic ayahuasca concoction consumers are still lacking. In this study, 40 adolescents from a Brazilian ayahuasca sect were compared with 40 controls matched on sex, age, and educational background for psychiatric symptomatology. Screening scales for depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption patterns (abuse), attentional problems, and body dysmorphic disorders were used. It was found that, compared to controls, considerable lower frequencies of positive scoring for anxiety, body dismorphism, and attentional problems were detected among ayahuasca-using adolescents despite overall similar psychopathological profiles displayed by both study groups. Low frequencies of psychiatric symptoms detected among adolescents consuming ayahuasca within a religious context may reflect a protective effect due to their religious affiliation. However further studies on the possible interference of other variables in the outcome are necessary.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosHealth status of ayahuasca users(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-07-01) Ribeiro Barbosa, Paulo Cesar; Mizumoto, Suely [UNIFESP]; Bogenschutz, Michael P. [UNIFESP]; Strassman, Rick J.; Univ Estadual Santa Cruz; Univ New Mexico; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew originally used for magico-religious purposes by Amerindian populations of the western Amazon Basin. Throughout the last four decades, the use of ayahuasca spread towards major cities in all regions of Brazil and abroad. This trend has raised concerns that regular use of this N,N-dimethyltryptamine- and harmala-alkaloid-containing tea may lead to mental and physical health problems associated typically with drug abuse. To further elucidate the mental and physical health of ayahuasca users, we conducted a literature search in the international medical PubMed database. Inclusion criteria were evaluation of any related effect of ayahuasca use that occurred after the resolution of acute effects of the brew. Fifteen publications were related to emotional, cognitive, and physical health of ayahuasca users. the accumulated data suggest that ayahuasca use is safe and may even be, under certain conditions, beneficial. However, methodological bias of the reviewed studies might have contributed to the preponderance of beneficial effects and to the few adverse effects reported. the data up to now do not appear to allow for definitive conclusions to be drawn on the effects of ayahuasca use on mental and physical health, but some studies point in the direction of beneficial effects. Additional studies are suggested to provide further clarification. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)High mortality, violence and crime in alcohol dependents: 5 years after seeking treatment in a Brazilian underprivileged suburban community(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2012-06-01) Silva, Jairo Valentim [UNIFESP]; Castro, Viviane de [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Figlie, Neliana Buzi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Chicago School of Professional Psychology International Psychology PhD ProgramOBJECTIVE: To investigate the results of alcohol-related consequences in an underprivileged area of São Paulo. METHOD: One hundred and ninety one adult patients who sought alcohol treatment in 2002 were reassessed in 2007 regarding alcohol use and involvement with crime. The interview consisted of demographic questions and questionnaires assessing alcohol dependence and pattern of alcohol use. Risk and protective factors and involvement with crime were further explored. RESULTS High mortality rate (16.9%, n = 41) was found in this sample and 97.4% were identified as being severe alcohol dependents. The sample consisted of a homogeneous group, average age of 42, 81.9% male, 57.5% black, 52.2% unemployed and 100% of low socioeconomic status. Individuals ageing 35 or younger, not engaged in religious activities and with intense alcohol consumption in the last month had 2.7 times more chance on committing crimes (95% CI = [1.22; 5.93] p = 0.014). Subjects who consumed alcohol in the last month also had a 4.1 greater chance of becoming involved in crime (95% CI = [1.2; 14.24] p = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Alcohol dependence within an underprivileged community was associated with high rates of crime and mortality. Religious affiliation was negatively associated with delinquent behavior.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosItinerário terapêutico das travestis de Santa Maria/RS(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-06-26) Souza, Martha Helena Teixeira de [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes Pereira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The scope of this paper is to shed light on the therapeutic itineraries of transvestites from Santa Maria in the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. The study sought to follow the complex trajectories followed by transvestites in their quest for health care. Field research was conducted between January and November 2012 with transvestites from different cities in the state who were living in Santa Maria at the time. It involved qualitative methodology using ethnographic research. The results showed that the interviewees avoid institutionalized health services, opting for other forms of health care. In this respect, it is noteworthy that of the group of 49 transvestites who were included in this study, 48 sought health care in "African religion groups" or "batuque" ("drumming"), as they refer to them. The transvestites stated that they opted for "African religion groups" as they saw them as places that were able to afford forms of care and protection, without questioning bodily changes and sexual orientation. This article may help to shed light on some of the unusual trajectories of transvestites in their quest for health care.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Notas sobre as fontes de formação de John Dewey com base no próprio autor(Setor de Educação da Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2013-06-01) Warde, Mirian Jorge [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This paper addresses the sources of philosophy and psychology of John Dewey, according to Dewey himself. The emphasis on Deweyan Philosophy and Psychology stems from the understanding that, apart from the fact that these two disciplines are those in which Dewey made his greatest intellectual investments, they are intricately linked to one another in his work. In this article, we intend to examine the processes used by Dewey to reveal or obscure moments of his intellectual maturation process. The period covered in this text is from Dewey's education at the University of Vermont (1875-1879) through his time at Johns Hopkins (1882-1883) where he obtained his doctoral degree in 1884 and which allowed him to begin his academic career. There are two main issues addressed: on one hand, Dewey's insistence on denying his theological inclinations, and his efforts to present his religious problems in philosophical terms; and on the other hand, Dewey's tendency - revealed from his earliest published essays - to use and dispose of both his personal and bibliography resources, very quickly and with some simplification. The point of departure for this essay was Dewey's text From Absolutism to Experimentalism, 1930, which is a good intellectual autobiography. Additional bibliographic references include the works of J. Dewey and other scholars who dedicated themselves to reconstructing Deweyan intellectual career.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPhysical Activity Interventions in Faith-Based Organizations: A Systematic Review(Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Parra, Maira Tristao [UNIFESP]|Porfirio, Gustavo J. M. [UNIFESP]; Arredondo, Elva M.; Atallah, Alvaro N. [UNIFESP]Objective: To review and assess the effectiveness of physical activity interventions delivered in faith-based organizations. Data Source: We searched the Cochrane Library, DoPHER, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, WHO ICTRP, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases until January 2016, without restriction of language or publication date. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials investigating physical activity interventions for adults delivered in faith-based organizations. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study methodological quality. Data Synthesis: We used relative risk and mean difference with 95% confidence interval to estimate the effect of the interventions on measures of physical activity, physical fitness, and health. Results: The review included 18 studies. Study participants were predominantly female, and the majority of trials were conducted in the United States. Study heterogeneity did not allow us to conduct meta-analyses. Although interventions delivered in faith-based organizations increased physical activity and positively influenced measures of health and fitness in participants, the quality of the evidence was very low. Conclusion: Faith-based organizations are promising settings to promote physical activity, consequently addressing health disparities. However, high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to adequately assess the effectiveness of interventions delivered in faith-based organizations.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosReligiosity and Tobacco and Alcohol Use in a Brazilian Shantytown(Informa Healthcare, 2012-01-01) Lucchetti, Giancarlo [UNIFESP]; Peres, Mario F. P. [UNIFESP]; Lucchetti, Alessandra L. G.; Koenig, Harold G.; São Paulo Med Spiritist Assoc; Hosp Joao Evangelista; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein; Duke UnivThis article analyzes the role of religious involvement and religious beliefs in the prevalence and frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. in 2005, we conducted door-to-door interviews with 383 people, aged 18 years or more, randomly selected from the Paraisopolis shantytown in São Paulo, Brazil. Four regression models were created to explain the relationships among religious involvement, tobacco and alcohol use, controlling for demographic, social, and psychobehavioral factors. High religious attendance was associated with less alcohol use, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and combined alcohol/tobacco use, as well as less days consuming alcoholic beverages per week, controlling for confounding factors. Additionally, high nonorganizational religious behavior was associated with less tobacco and combined alcohol/tobacco use. Religiosity plays an important role in the control of alcohol and tobacco use in a shantytown setting; further management initiatives in the area should consider this issue. the study's limitations are noted.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosReligious treatments for drug addiction: An exploratory study in Brazil(Elsevier B.V., 2008-08-01) van der Meer Sanchez, Zila [UNIFESP]; Nappo, Solange A. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The main objective of the present work is to understand the processes used in emerging Catholic and Protestant religious interventions for recovery from drug dependence, from the vantage point of individuals subjected to them. A qualitative method and an intentional sample selected by criteria were adopted for this investigation, which was conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. An in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with 57 predominantly male former drug users who fit the criteria: they had been submitted to non-medical religious treatments to treat dependence and were abstinent for at least 6 months. Crisis was found to be the main reason leading interviewees to seek treatment; this includes, losing family, losing employment, and experiencing severe humiliation. Evangelicals most used religious resources exclusively as treatment, showing strong aversion to the role of doctors and to any type of pharmacological treatment. A common feature of Catholic and Protestant groups is the importance ascribed to praying and talking to God, described by Subjects as strongly anxiolytic, and a means to control drug craving. Confession and forgiveness, through faith conversion or penitences, respectively, appeal strongly to the restructuring of life and increase of self-esteem. Religious interventions were considered effective by the individuals who underwent them and were seen as attractive for the humane, respectful treatment they delivered. the key aspects of this type of treatment are social support provided by the receiving group, equal treatment, and instant, judgment-free acceptance. the success of these actions, then, is not only due to some supernatural aspect, as might be assumed, but also more to the unconditional dedication of human beings to their peers. Given the difficulty in treating drug dependence, religious interventions could be used as a complementary treatment for conventional therapies. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosReport on psychoactive drug use among adolescents using ayahuasca within a religious context(Haight-ashbury Publ, 2005-06-01) Doering-Silveira, E.; Grob, C. S.; Rios, M. D. de; Lopez, E.; Alonso, L. K.; Tacla, C.; Da Silveira, D. X.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Harbor UCLA Med Ctr; Univ Calif Irvine; Univ Calif Los Angeles; Universidade de Brasília (UnB)Ritual use of ayahuasca within the context of the Brazilian ayahuasca churches often starts during late childhood or early adolescence. Premature access to psychoactive drugs may represent a risk factor for drug misuse. Conversely, religious affiliation seems to play a protective role in terms of substance abuse. The objective of this study was to describe patterns of drug use in a sample of adolescents using ayahuasca within a religious setting. Forty-one adolescents from a Brazilian ayahuasca sect were compared with 43 adolescents who never drank ayahuasca. No significant differences were identified in terms of lifetime substance consumption. Throughout the previous year period, ayahuasca adolescents used less alcohol (46.31%) than the comparison group (74.4%). Recent use of alcohol was also more frequent among the latter group (65.1%) than among ayahuasca drinkers (32.5%). Although not statistically significant, slight differences in terms of patterns of drug use were definitely observed among groups. Despite their early exposure to a hallucinogenic substance, adolescents using ayahuasca in a controlled setting were mostly comparable to controls except for a considerably smaller proportion of alcohol users. Religious affiliation may have played a central role as a possible protective factor for alcohol use. Thus, ayahuasca seems to be a relatively safe substance as far as drug misuse is concerned.