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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Antidepressant-like effects of an apolar extract and chow enriched with Nepeta cataria (catnip) in mice(Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade de BrasíliaUniversidade de São Paulo, 2010-12-01) Bernardi, Maria Martha; Kirsten, Thiago Berti; Salzgeber, Simone Angélica; Ricci, Esther Lopes; Romoff, Paulete; Lago, Joao Henrique Ghilardi [UNIFESP]; Lourenço, Lygia Mendes; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Nepeta cataria (catnip) is a plant used in pet toys and to treat human diseases. Catnip has also been used in the treatment of some depressive disorders. In this paper, we studied the antidepressant, anxiogenic, and motor activity effects of acute and repeated feeding of chow enriched with 10% N. cataria leaves and the acute and repeated administration of apolar and polar extracts of N. cataria leaves in male mice. The results showed that repeated feeding and acute and repeated administration with the apolar extract reduced immobility in the behavioral despair test but did not alter elevated plus maze and open-field parameters. Acute feeding and the acute and repeated administration of the polar extracts of N. cataria leaves did not alter the behavior of mice. These data suggest that N. cataria has antidepressant properties. Moreover, this antidepressant activity was present in the apolar extract.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosBehavioral differences between subgroups of rats with high and low threshold to clonic convulsions induced by DMCM, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist(Elsevier B.V., 2005-11-01) Contó, Marcos Brandão [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, JGB de; Venditti, Marco Antonio Campana [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)In epileptic patients, there is a high incidence of psychiatric comorbidities, such as anxiety. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ionotropic receptor GABA(A)/benzodiazepine allosteric site is involved in both epilepsy and anxiety. This involvement is based on the fact that benzodiazepine allosteric site agonists are anticonvulsant and anxiolytic drugs; on the other hand, benzodiazepine inverse agonists are potent convulsant and anxiogenic drugs. the aim of this work was to determine if subgroups of rats selected according to their susceptibility to clonic convulsions induced by a convulsant dose 50% (CD50) of DMCM, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist, would differ in behavioral tests commonly used to measure anxiety (elevated plus-maze, open field) and depression (forced swimming test). in the first experiment, subgroups of adult male Wistar rats were selected after a single dose of DMCM and in the second experiment they were selected after two injections of DMCM given after an interval of 1 week. Those rats presenting full clonic convulsions were termed Low Threshold rats to DMCM-induced clonic convulsions (LTR) and those not having clonic convulsions High Threshold rats to DMCM-induced clonic convulsions (HTR). in both experiments, only those rats presenting full clonic convulsions induced by DMCM and those not showing any signs of motor disturbances were used in the behavioral tests. the results showed that the LTR subgroup selected after two injections of a CD50 of DMCM spent a significantly lower time in the open arms of the elevated plus-maze and in the off the walls area of the open field; moreover, this group also presented a higher number of rearings in the open field. There were no significant differences between HTR and LTR subgroups in the forced swimming test. LTR and HTR subgroups selected after only one injection of DMCM did not differ in the three behavioral tests. To verify if the behavioral differences between HTR and LTR subgroups of rats selected after two injections of DMCM were due to the clonic convulsion, another experiment was carried out in which subgroups of rats susceptible and nonsusceptible to clonic convulsions induced by a CD50 of picrotoxin, a GABA(A) receptor channel blocker, were selected and submitted to the elevated plus-maze and open field tests. the results obtained did not show any significant differences between these two subgroups in the elevated plus-maze and open field tests. in another approach to determine the relation between fear/anxiety and susceptibility to clonic convulsions, subgroups of rats were selected in the elevated plus-maze as more or less fearful/anxious. the CD50 for clonic convulsions induced by DMCM was determined for each of these two subgroups. the results showed a significantly lower CD50 for the more fearful/anxious subgroup, which means a higher susceptibility to clonic convulsions induced by DMCM. the present findings show a relation between susceptibility to clonic convulsions and fear/anxiety and vice versa which may be due to differences in the assembly of GABA(A)/allosteric benzodiazepine site receptors in regions of the brain. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosHigh and low rearing subgroups of rats selected in the open field differ in the activity of K+-stimulated p-nitrophenylphosphatase in the hippocampus(Elsevier B.V., 2005-10-05) Alves, R.; Carvalho, JGB de; Venditti, Marco Antonio Campana [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Na+/K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) is of paramount importance for the proper functioning of the organism. the enzyme is involved in several aspects of brain function, such as the repolarization of the neuronal membranes and neurotransmitters uptake/release. Therefore, individual differences in the activity of brain Na+/K+-ATPase may result in differences in the functioning of the brain, which, in consequence, could lead to behavioral divergences. Individual differences in rearing, an exploratory behavior, have been shown to be genetically determined. in rats, the inhibition of the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase was reported to induce changes in the exploratory behavior. the aim of this work was to verify if subgroups of rats selected according to the number of rearings (high and low rearing subgroups) in the open field test differ in the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in brain regions. Adult, male outbred Wistar rats were selected in the open field test according to the number of rearings in subgroups of high (HR) and low (LR) rearing responders. After a rest of about 20 days after the open field session, HR and LR rats were sacrificed. in the first experiment, frontal cortex, striatum, brainstem, hippocampus and the amygdala (including the overlying limbic cortex) were dissected. the reaction of dephosphorylation of Na+/IC+-ATPase (K+ stimulated p-nitrophenylphosphatase) was assayed in homogenates rich in synaptosomes. the results obtained showed a statistically significant higher activity of K+ p-nitrophenylphosphatase only in the hippocampus of HR subgroup of rats. This result was replicated in two other subsequent experiments with different HR and LR subgroups of rats selected at different times of the year. Our data suggest that the difference in the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in the hippocampus is innate and is involved in the expression of the rearing behavior. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosImplications of ketogenic diet on weight gain, motor activity and cicatrization in Wistar rats(Informa Healthcare, 2013-02-01) Peres, Rogerio Correa; Nogueira, Danilo Barion; Guimaraes, Gabriela de Paula; Costa, Elizabete Lourenco da; Ribeiro, Daniel Araki [UNIFESP]; Univ Catolica Santos; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The ketogenic diet (KD) was initially developed for the treatment of pharmacoresistant epilepsy and a possible alternative for the obesity treatment, dyslipidemia, resistance to insulin, and nonalcoholic steatosis. However, few studies evaluate the diet effects in rats behavior or cicatrization. the objective of this work was to analyze the influence of the ketogenic diet on the weight gain, emotional behavior of the rats submitted to experimental models such as elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field (OF). the cicatrization time and leukocyte differentiations were also observed. Twenty male Wistar rats of two months age were divided into two groups. One was submitted to ketogenic diet (KD), and the control group (Co) was fed on commercial rations. After 7 days, the animals were weighed and submitted to EPM and OF. A small surgical incision was made and their blood was collected to a leukocyte count. It was verified that the rats from the KD presented less weight gain as compared with the rats from the Co (p < 0.05). the KD did not reveal differences on the behavior measures in the EPM model, but in the of presented an ambulatory activity significantly bigger. the animals from the KD presented a cicatrization significantly better than Co after 72 h (p = 0.0035) and 96 h (p < 0.1). There was no difference between the groups for leukocyte count. Our results suggest that the KD can interfere on rats deambulation in animal models and improve the cicatrization response.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosModafinil Induces Rapid-Onset Behavioral Sensitization and Cross-Sensitization with Cocaine in Mice: Implications for the Addictive Potential of Modafinil(Frontiers Media Sa, 2016) Wuo-Silva, Raphael [UNIFESP]; Fukushiro, Daniela Fukue [UNIFESP]; Hollais, André Willian [UNIFESP]; Santos-Baldaia, Renan [UNIFESP]; Mari-Kawamoto, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Berro, Laís Fernanda [UNIFESP]; Yokoyama, Thais Suemi [UNIFESP]; Lopes-Silva, Leonardo Brito [UNIFESP]; Bizerra, Carolina Souza [UNIFESP]; Procopio-Souza, Roberta [UNIFESP]; Hashiguchi, Debora [UNIFESP]; Figueiredo, Lilian A. [UNIFESP]; Costa, Jose L.; Frussa-Filho, Roberto [UNIFESP]; Longo, Beatriz Monteiro [UNIFESP]There is substantial controversy about the addictive potential of modafinil, a wake promoting drug used to treat narcolepsy, proposed as pharmacotherapy for cocaine abuse, and used indiscriminately by healthy individuals due to its positive effects on arousal and cognition. The rapid-onset type of behavioral sensitization (i.e., a type of sensitization that develops within a few hours from the drug priming administration) has been emerged as a valuable tool to study binge-like patterns of drug abuse and the neuroplastic changes that occur quickly after drug administration that ultimately lead to drug abuse. Our aim was to investigate the possible development of rapid-onset behavioral sensitization to modafinil and bidirectional rapid-onset cross sensitization with cocaine in male Swiss mice. A priming injection of a high dose of modafinil (64 mg/kg) induced rapid-onset behavioral sensitization to challenge injections of modafinil at the doses of 16, 32, and 64 mg/kg, administered 4 h later. Furthermore, rapid-onset cross-sensitization was developed between modafinil and cocaine (64 mg/kg modafinil and 20 mg/kg cocaine), in a bidirectional way. These results were not due to residual levels of modafinil as the behavioral effects of the priming injection of modafinil were no longer present and modafinil plasma concentration was reduced at 4 h post-administration. Taken together, the present findings provide preclinical evidence that modafinil can be reinforcing per se and can enhance the reinforcing effects of stimulants like cocaine within hours after administration.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPossible anxiolytic effect of two extracts of Passiflora quadrangularis L. in experimental models(Wiley-Blackwell, 2007-05-01) Castro, Pollyanna Celso F. de; Hoshino, Alberto; Silva, Jair Campos da; Mendes, Fulvio Rieli; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); CESUPA; UEPASeveral species of the genus Passiflora, known in Brazil as 'maracuja', have widespread use in folk medicine as sedatives and anxiolytics. the anxiolytic activities of aqueous and hydroalcohol extracts of Passiflora quadrangularis leaves were evaluated using the elevated plus-maze, open held and holeboard tests. the hydroalcohol extract presented results suggestive of anxiolytic activity in dosages around 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, as expressed by elevation of the time spent on the open arms in the plus-maze; a decrease of freezing and an increase of deambulation and rearing in the open field lest. the hydroalcohol extract showed results similar to diazepam on the holeboard. No positive results were found for the aqueous extract. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTherapeutic and pathogenetic animal models for Dolichos pruriens(Elsevier B.V., 2006-07-01) Coelho, C. de Paula; D'Almeida, V.; Pedrazzolli-Neto, M.; Duran-Filho, C.; Florio, J. C.; Zincaglia, L. M. C.; Bonamin, L. V.; FACIS; Univ Estadual Paulista; Univ Santo Amaro; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The therapeutic and pathogenetic effects of Dolichos pruriens were evaluated using experimental models in rats. in the therapeutic experiment Wistar rats were housed in a heated environment (25 +/- 3 degrees C) to induce itch, and treated with ascending potencies D. pruriens (6 cH, 9 cH, 12 cH and 30 cH), each for 10 days. the positive control group received vehicle (ethanol 30% in water). the negative control group received no treatment and were kept at a standard temperature.In the pathogenetic experiment, all animals were kept at a temperature of 20+/-3 degrees C and treated for 30 consecutive days with D. pruriens 6 or 30 cH, or ethanol vehicle, or no treatment. the experiments were performed blind.The statistical analysis used Bartlett's test, followed by ANOVA/Tuckey-Krammer or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn. the results point to the existence of therapeutic effects, with inhibition of the itching, skin lesions and fur thinning produced by heat, more evident in later observations, with the 9 12, and 30 cH potencies (Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn; P = 0.001). No changes were observed in the other parameters, such as open field activity and laterality of the itching. in the pathogenetic experiment, no changes were observed in any parameters examined. We conclude that the proposed experimental model demonstrates the therapeutic effect of D. pruriens, but not its pathogenetic effects.