Navegando por Palavras-chave "neuropsychological assessment"

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    Desenvolvimento de uma bateria de funções executivas para crianças na idade escolar
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-01-10) Silva, Andreia Cristina Correia da [UNIFESP]; Rizzutti, Sueli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The executive functions are among the most complex aspects of cognition and involve different components, and such complexity is also reflected in the conceptual definitions because there is not yet consensus on its definition. Currently, however, many authors agree that executive functions are an integrated system comprising distinct domains such as shifting, updating, inhibition, switching, planning. The complexity of the construct is directly reflected in the assessment of executive functions and the construction of appropriate tasks since they do not measure just one skill. Additionally, several studies show that executive functions develop over the child's growth, being well established in the literature related to academic performance. This study is part of a broader project that has as main objective to develop and propose a battery to assess different domains of executive functions, so that it can be used with many participants of different ages, from childhood to adulthood, and also by different intellectual and socioeconomic levels. The aim of this study was the development of the battery for children between 6-12 years of age. The study was developed in successive steps: a) query the literature on the evaluation paradigms of executive functions for adaptation / construction of the tasks b) Pilot studies to assess the adequacy of the battery; c) testing in a group of children with Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity. The results show that the battery has tasks that appear suitable to the purpose of evaluation, but some of them still require other changes. Future studies will determine which tasks can thus be more specific in the areas and components of executive functions. And yet, being in the public domain, does not require the use of equipment or paid programs, and can be used from the beginning of schooling to adulthood in people of different socioeconomic levels. And thus making neuropsychological assessment more accurate, sensitive and specific with respect to each executive domain, aiding in the diagnosis process.
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    Investigação dos aspectos neuropsicológicos do transtorno do espectro alcoólico fetal em uma amostra de crianças e adolescentes de São Paulo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-09-17) Barrocas, Roberta Magalhães [UNIFESP]; Mello, Claudia Berlim de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Alcoholism is an important public health issue. Alcohol comsumption between expectant mothers in Brazil can be up to 55%, 6% of which displaying a drinking pattern compatible with alcoholism. Prenatal alcohol exposure may cause a range of physical, cognitive and behavioral effects known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Neuropsychological outcome displayed by children and adolescentes with FASD can be widely variable considering that which diagnosed subject has been exposed to a unique pattern of maternal alcohol consumption and postnatal experiences regarding education, home environment and socioeconomic factors. Understanding the neuropsychological profile of pacients with FASD can help elucidate the teratogenic effects of alcohol exposure and its impact on brain and behavior and may contribute to the broadening of diagnostic criteria for FASD. The aim of this study was to investigate evidences of a neurobehavioral phenotype in multiple cases of brazilian children and adolescents diagnosed with FASD by describing and analysing the influence of clinical and environmental variables on pacient cognitive and behavioral functioning. Subjects and their parents responded to a customized neuropsychological test battery. Eighteen children between 4 and 6 years of age were assessed, from which 8 were girls. Most subjects lived with adoptive parentes, went to regular school and were diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) or Partial FAS. Almost half of them had intellectual disabilities. The neuropsychological functioning of the group as a whole involved attentional, verbal working memory and verbal fluency deficits. Verbal abilities and nonverbal fluency were found to be relatively preserved. No prevalence of distinctive behavioral problems was reported. FASD is a disorder characterized by intense clinical, cognitive and behavioral variability, making the identification of a single pattern of deficits and abilities a challenging task.
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    Neuropsychological performance in patients with subcortical stroke
    (Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2012-05-01) Andrade, Silviane Pinheiro Campos de [UNIFESP]; Brucki, Sônia Maria Dozzi; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo [UNIFESP]; Siqueira Neto, José Ibiapina; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is characterized by cognitive compromise predominantly of executive dysfunction. OBJECTIVES: To assess cognitive functions in VCI, focusing on executive functions, to observe functional losses in relation to activities of daily living (ADLs) and to detect early symptoms prior to the onset of dementia. METHODS: We evaluated healthy subjects matched for gender, education and age to patients with diagnosis of subcortical vascular disease who had a stroke classified into three groups: 1) vascular lesions and no impairment; 2) vascular cognitive impairment with no dementia (VCIND); 3) vascular dementia (VaD). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The performance on neuropsychological tests differed among groups, worsening with increased impairment level. The probable VaD group demonstrated impaired performance in memory, processing speed and verbal production, while the VCIND group showed attention deficits. CONCLUSION: Impairment in executive functions and difficulties in ADLs allow us to differentiate levels of impairment in groups of subcortical vascular disease.