Navegando por Palavras-chave "iron"

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    Anemia do lactente: etiologia e prevalência
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2002-01-01) Hadler, Maria Claret C.m. [UNIFESP]; Juliano, Yara; Sigulem, Dirce Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Goiás Faculdade de Nutrição; Universidade Santo Amaro
    Objective: To verify the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency anemia and iron deficiency in infants, at a Public Health Unit in the city of Goiânia - Brazil; to analyze and to correlate the hematologic and biochemical variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. One hundred and ten full-term infants of the 120 mothers interviewed were included. The infants aged between six and twelve months and there were not twins. Socioeconomic and hematologic data was obtained. Venous blood was taken from fasting infants in order to carry out a complete hemogram through electronic cell counting, serum iron, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein, which were used in the evaluation of the etiology of iron deficiency in the anemic infants. Children with hemoglobin < 11g/dL were considered anemic. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 60.9%. In the diagnosis of the iron deficiency etiology in infants without an inflammation process, when considering the alteration of hemoglobin plus two more indices among mean corpuscular volume (MCV) or mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) or serum ferritin or serum iron, the prevalence of the iron deficiency was 87%. Nevertheless, when red cell distribution width (RDW) was included in the indices, the prevalence was 97.8%. In the non-anemic infants, considering ferritin and RDW, the prevalence of iron deficiency observed was 28%. The best correlation among hematologic and biochemical variables were between hemoglobin and hematocrit (r = 0.946), and MCH with MCV (r = 0.950). Conclusions: The main etiology in infants was iron deficiency anemia and its prevalence varied according to different parameters and criteria.
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    Anemia ferropriva e estado nutricional de crianças de creches de Guaxupé
    (Assoc Medica Brasileira, 2008-03-01) Camillo, Carlos Cesar [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Braga, Josefina Aparecida Pellegrini [UNIFESP]; Juliano, Yara [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UNIFEG
    OBJECTIVE, To evaluate the nutritional status and the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in children attending public day care centers in the city of Guaxupe (MG), Brazil.METHODS. Children of both genders, from 6 to 72 months, registered in public day-care centers in the city of Guaxupe, were studied Nutritional evaluation was conducted using the Z-score for height-to-age and weight-to-height relationships. Hemoglobin dosage, serum iron, total iron binding capacity and the transferrin saturation index were used for diagnosis of anemia.RESULTS. Z score < - 2 was observed in 3.3% of the children for the height-to-age relationship and of 0.4% for the weight-to-height relationship. Prevalence of total iron deficiency anemia was of 16.1%. in the age span from 6 to 36 months it was of 44.6%. the entire e sample showed 45% with low serum 1 on, 37 9% with high total iron binding capacity and 43. 1 % with a low transferrin saturation Index.CONCLUSION. Malnutrition was not considered to be a problem due to its low prevalence; however, an important prevalence of iron deficiency was observed. Iron deficiency anemia is more prevalent in children between 6 and 36 months confirming that this age span is more vulnerable, No association between iron deficiency anemia and the Z score of the studied anthropometry relationships was found.
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    Anemia reduction in preschool children with the addition of low doses of iron to school meals
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2008-08-01) Arcanjo, Francisco Placido Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Pinto, Vicente de Paulo Teixeira; Coelho, M. R.; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Magalhaes, S. M. M.; Univ Fed Ceara; Secretariat Educ Sobral; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background. in developing countries there is high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, which causes negative impact on growth, development and quality of life for infant population. Currently several strategies are being elaborated and tested to tackle this problem. Objective. To measure anemia prevalence in preschool children. To evaluate fortification effectiveness with 5 or 10 mg of elemental iron/daily added to school meals by increasing hemoglobin levels in anemic children. Methods. Double-blind, cluster randomized intervention study with 728 students from public network. Blood count was taken at beginning of study, to evaluate anemia prevalence, those anemic were selected for intervention, after intervention new blood count was taken to evaluate fortification effectiveness. Ferrous Sulphate was added in individual dosage of 5 or 10 mg of elemental iron/daily to usual school meal. From 35 schools 3 were randomized to receive 5 mg/daily (group A) and 3 to receive 10 mg/daily (group B). Hemoglobin and hematocrit averages before and after intervention were compared in each group and between them. Results. in group A, the anemia prevalence reduced 34.9 to 12.4%, and in group B 39.0 to 18.7%. in both groups a significant increase in hemoglobin was observed: in group A from 10.1 to 11.5 g/dl (p < 0.01) and in group B from 10.0 to 11.0 g/dl (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in final levels of hemoglobin among groups. Conclusions. Both dosages of elemental iron were equally effective in increasing hemoglobin levels, and reducing anemia prevalence. Fortification of school meals was shown to be an effective, low cost and easy to manage intervention.
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    Biogenic synthesis of nanostructured iron compounds: applications and perspectives
    (Inst Engineering Technology-iet, 2013-09-01) Seabra, Amedea Barozzi [UNIFESP]; Haddad, Paula [UNIFESP]; Duran, Nelson; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)
    'Green nanotechnology' has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of the possibility to reduce and/or eliminate toxic substances. Indeed, biogenic syntheses of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles (NPs), are considered economic and valuable alternatives for the production of metallic NPs for diverse applications. Recent studies have revealed that the development of eco-friendly technologies in material science is under extensive investigation in the field of nanobiotechnology. Considering this scenario, this review highlights the recent advances in the biogenic syntheses of metallic iron, iron sulphides and iron oxide NPs for a wide range of applications. Moreover, this review also discusses the medical, environmental and technological applications of biogenically synthesised NPs, and the challenges to be faced to optimise the eco-friendly production of these important nanomaterials.
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    Cooking effects on iron and proteins content of beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) by GF AAS and MALDI-TOF MS
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Química, 2012-01-01) Naozuka, Juliana [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Pedro Vitoriano; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    The effects of domestic cooking on proteins, organic compounds and Fe distribution in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated. Sequential extraction with different extractant solutions (mixture of methanol and chloroform 1:2 v/v, water, 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl, 70% v/v ethanol and 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH) were used for extracting lipids, albumins, globulins, prolamins and glutelins, respectively. Iron determination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS), proteins by Bradford method and organic compounds by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were carried out in this work. High concentration of albumins, globulins and glutelins were found in raw beans, while in the cooked beans, albumins and glutelins are main proteins types. The MALDI-TOF MS spectra of raw and cooked beans revealed that the domestic cooking altered the molecular weight of the organic compounds, since that in the cooked beans were found compounds between 2 and 3.5 kDa, which were not presented in the raw beans. Besides this, in cooked beans were also observed the presence of four compounds of high molecular weight (12-16 kDa), being that in the raw grains there is only one (ca. 15.2 kDa). In raw grains is possible to observe that Fe is mainly associated to albumins, globulins and glutelins. For cooked grains, Fe is associated to albumins and globulins.
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    Crescimento de lactentes não-anêmicos suplementados com diferentes doses profiláticas de ferro
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2008-08-01) Silva, Danielle Goes da [UNIFESP]; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro [UNIFESP]; Sigulem, Dirce Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different prophylactic iron doses on the growth and nutritional status of non-anemic infants. METHODS: Prospective randomized study. Infants aged 5.0 to 6.9 months who met the inclusion criteria and showed capillary hemoglobin ≥ 11 g/dL were randomly allocated into three groups who received the following prophylactic doses of iron supplement (ferrous sulfate): 1 mg/kg/day (n = 39); 2 mg/kg/day (n = 36); and 25 mg/week (n = 39). This supplementation was given during 16 weeks. Both weight and length were measured. The nutritional status was evaluated by comparing z scores for weight/age, length/age and weight/length based on the World Health Organization (2006) references. Morbidity information was collected during monthly visits. RESULTS: The groups showed similar nutritional status before supplementation. There were no differences in daily nutrient intake among groups. During the study, weight and length gain, and increments in anthropometric indices did not differ statistically among supplemented groups either. The occurrence and duration of morbidity episodes did not differ statistically among groups. In general, improvements were observed in both weight/age and weight/length indices in the population under study, whereas length/age showed no differences before and after supplementation. CONCLUSION: Different prophylactic iron doses had no different effects on the growth and nutritional status of non-anemic infants.
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    Deficiência de ferro nas afecções gastrointestinais da criança
    (Associação Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, 2010-06-01) Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The relationships between iron deficiency, iron metabolism and the intestinal tract function can be analyzed from various perspectives: 1. the intestine as the site of iron absorption regulated by hepcidin produced in the liver; 2. the interaction between iron with other nutrients; 3. repercussions of iron deficiency in the intestine and 4. the intestine as the location of pathological loses that can cause or aggravate iron deficiency. The aim of this article is to cover these aspects of the interaction between iron and the intestinal tract. In iron deficiency, an increase in iron absorption has been observed, which in animals is accompanied by an increase in the height of the intestinal villosities. On the other hand, in humans with iron deficiency anemia, abnormalities of the intestinal physiology, different to those found in the laboratory, can occur. Poor intestinal iron absorption can occur in illnesses such as atrophy of the villosities as occurs in celiac disease and in illnesses associated with inflammation anemia such as cholestatic hepatic diseases. Nowadays blood loses from intestinal parasitosis are not a frequent cause of iron deficiency. Infants who have a high risk of developing iron deficiency anemia should be exclusively breast feed and a supplement of iron must be started from their sixth month of life. The use of cow milk is associated with lower iron absorption and blood loses that can aggravate iron deficiency. Infants who do not receive maternal milk must be fed with an infant formula fortified with iron.
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    Effect of a beverage fortified with evaporated sugarcane juice on hemoglobin levels in preschool children
    (Pan Amer Health Organization, 2009-10-01) Arcanjo, Francisco Placido Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Pinto, Vicente de Paulo Teixeira; Arcanjo, Maria R.; Amici, Márcia R.; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Univ Fed Ceara; Secretariat Educ Sobral; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The study objective was to measure the effect of consumption of a beverage mixed with a high-iron sweetener (evaporated sugarcane juice known as rapadura) on hemoglobin levels in preschool children, and to compare it with the effect of consuming the same beverage sweetened with refined sugar. Research consisted of a 12-week randomized, controlled double-blind trial conducted in 2007 at a state-run school in Sobral, Brazil, among children aged 2-3 years. The study sample was divided into two groups-one consuming cashew juice mixed with 25 g of rapadura and 40 mg of ascorbic acid (per 200-mL serving), and another consuming the same quantity of juice and ascorbic acid sweetened with 25 g of standard refined sugar. A significant statistical increase in hemoglobin was observed in the group consuming the rapadura-fortified beverage. It was therefore concluded that consumption of rapadura increased hemoglobin and thus reduced iron deficiency anemia in preschool children.
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    Effects of Iron Enrichment of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Sprouts on Elemental Translocation, Concentrations of Proteins, Distribution of Fe-Metalloproteins, and Fe Bioaccessibility
    (Soc Brasileira Quimica, 2017) de Oliveira, Aline P. [UNIFESP]; Naozuka, Juliana [UNIFESP]|
    Iron (Fe) is an essential element for human nutrition, and its deficiency or low hemoglobin levels are a global health issue. Strategies aimed at increasing the amounts of essential elementals in agricultural products, as sprouts of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis), can be a way to minimize deficiencies, mainly in the populations of developing countries. Therefore, in this work was evaluated: production of Fe-enriched adzuki bean sprouts
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    Estado nutricional e absorção intestinal de ferro em crianças com doença hepática crônica com e sem colestase
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2005-08-01) Mattar, Regina Helena Guedes da Motta [UNIFESP]; Azevedo, Ramiro Anthero de [UNIFESP]; Speridião, Patrícia da Graça Leite [UNIFESP]; Fagundes Neto, Ulysses [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: to evaluate food intake, occurrence of energy-protein malnutrition and anemia, and intestinal iron absorption in children with chronic liver disease. METHODS: The study included 25 children with chronic liver disease, 15 with cholestasis and 11 without cholestasis. The age varied between 6.5 months and 12.1 years. Intestinal iron absorption was evaluated by the increment of serum iron one hour after the ingestion of 1 mg/kg of elemental iron and by the response to oral iron therapy. Iron intestinal absorption was compared to a group with iron deficiency anemia (without liver disease). RESULTS: The mean intake of energy and protein in the cholestatic group was higher than in patients without cholestasis. The nutritional deficit was more severe in cholestatic patients, especially with regard to height-for-age and weight-for-age indices. Anemia was found in both cholestatic group (11/14; 78.6%) and noncholestatic group (7/11; 63.6%). The cholestatic group presented lower (p < 0.05) intestinal iron absorption (90.6±42.1 µg/dl) than the iron deficiency anemia group (159.6±69.9 µg/dl). However, cholestatic patients responded to oral iron therapy. The noncholestatic group showed intestinal iron absorption similar to the iron deficiency anemia group. CONCLUSIONS: The cholestatic group showed more severe nutritional deficits. Despite the evidence of lower iron intestinal absorption, cholestatic patients responded to oral iron therapy, probably, due to the coexistence of iron deficiency.
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    Estado nutricional e níveis hematológicos e séricos de ferro em pré-escolares de municípios com diferentes índices de desenvolvimento infantil
    (Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo, 2008-09-01) Oliveira, Wilson Luis de; Oliveira, Fernanda Luisa Ceragioli [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate nutritional status and iron hematological and serum levels of preschool children from cities with different child development indexes (CDI). METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 34 preschool children aged between three to six years from two municipalities of Brazil: Laranjal, Paraná, with a low CDI, and Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, with a medium CDI. Children of both cities were matched by age and gender. The nutritional status was evaluated by Z score for weight/height and height/age. The biochemical evaluation included hemoglobin, hematocrit, seric iron and ferritin levels. The following tests were used for statistical analysis: t test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The weight, height and Z score of the anthropometric relationships were significantly lower in the group of Laranjal children. Anemia was present in 8.8% of the children studied in both cities, without significant differences in the prevalence of iron deficiency or in the ferritin levels. CONCLUSIONS: The preschool children from the city with low CDI presented mainly malnutrition, while overweight and obesity were more prevalent on preschool children from the city with a medium CDI. Hematimetric values, iron and ferritin levels were similar between the preschool children of both cities.
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    Ferro, cobre e zinco em adolescentes no estirão pubertário
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2002-01-01) Urbano, Marcia R.d. [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Juliano, Yara; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de Santo Amaro Faculdade de Medicina
    Objective: to examine iron, copper and zinc nutritional status and their correlation with Body Mass Index (BMI), serum and dietetic levels in adolescents during the pubertal growth spurt. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a sample of 47 adolescents out of 360 patients (19 boys, whose ages ranged from 12.3 to 16 years and 28 girls, whose ages ranged from 11.1 to 13.6 years), who were seen at a clinic for adolescents from March to December 1999. The variables analyzed were: Diet (24 hours Dietary Recall, Food Frequency Intake Questionnaire and Food Register Methods) to determine iron, copper and zinc intake; anthropometry (weight and height) to check BMI; biochemistry (measure of serum iron level through a Diagnóstica kit in vitro; ferritin through Immulite kit, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry for biochemical evaluation of serum iron, ferritin, copper and zinc. Spearman coefficient correlation was used for statistical analysis. Results: forty seven adolescents during pubertal growth spurt showed adequate ingestion: iron (95% and 36%), copper (53% and 57%) and zinc (21% and 21%) in males and females, respectively. Most of them were eutrophic according to the BMI percentiles. Biochemically, boys presented normal values for serum iron and zinc in the whole sample, 95% for copper and 84% for ferritin. Girls also presented normal values for iron and zinc values in the whole sample, 96.4% for copper and 96% for ferritin. There were no statistically significant correlation between BMI and serum Fe, ferritin, Cu and Zn concentrations and between serum concentration and dietetic ingestion of the studied minerals, neither between serum iron and ferritin. Conclusions: it is not clear if serum levels of Zn and Cu are floating during the growth process or if each adolescent has a stable level of these minerals during the pubertal growth spurt. Normal Fe, Cu and Zn serum levels in most adolescents evaluated may reflect the organism ability to accomplish homeostatic adjustments.
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    Impacto do uso de cereal adicionado de ferro sobre os níveis de hemoglobina e a antropometria de pré-escolares
    (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, 1998-12-01) Vítolo, Márcia Regina [UNIFESP]; Aguirre, Andrea Nogueira De Campos; Kondo, Márcia Regina; Giuliano, Yara [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Neil [UNIFESP]; Lopez, Fábio Ancona [UNIFESP]; PUC-Campinas Faculdade de Ciências Medicas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); PUC-Campinas Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
    Anemia and energetic malnutrition are considered to be the major nutritional challenges in developing countries. The efficacy of the various programs implemented to solve these problems has been assessed by studies with enriched food products. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the daily acceptance of an iron-enriched cereal, as well as its effect on the anthropometric parameters and hemoglobin levels of children aged 1 to 4 years old. Fifty-four children enrolled at a public day care unit participated in the study. They were divided into two groups: Group I with 24 children (median age: 2 years and 2 months) and Group II with 30 children (median age: 3 years and 6 months). Their food intake, weight, height and serum hemoglobin levels were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study. During a period of two months, milk and bread, which made up the children's breakfast and afternoon snack, were substituted by the enriched cereal in the form of porridge, which increased the iron intake in 2 to 3mg per day. The results showed that there was a significant increase in the weight for height rate of both groups, with improvement of nutritional condition in those children with acute malnutrition. With regard to serum hemoglobin levels, Group I showed an initial average level of 9.9 ± 2.0g/dl. The average level at the final evaluation, 11.4 ± 1.0g/dl, was significantly higher (p< 0.05) than at the start. Group II, with average serum hemoglobin level of 11.6 ± 0.9g/dl at the start, did not show a significant difference from the level at the end (11.9± 0.9g/dl).At the start of the study the incidence of anemia in Group I was of 81%. This value went down to 31.2% at the end of two months. For Group II, the incidence decreased from 20.8% to 12.5% at the end. The average daily intake of cereal during the first week was lower than in subsequent weeks. It is concluded that the product used in this study increased the serum hemoglobin levels of the children with anemia and contributed to the nutritional improvement of those who were malnourished. In addition, the cereal was well accepted by the children.
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    Infant formula iron dialysability related to other nutrients
    (Elsevier B.V., 2005-05-01) Nogueira, Cristiane de Souza [UNIFESP]; Colli, Celia; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    The dialysable iron in relation to total iron, to protein sources, to calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, and vitamin C of 17 infant formulas, from four different multinational companies were analyzed. Total iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. the dialysable iron was determined. the considered vitamin C concentration was that declared on the labels. There was no significant statistical relationship between total iron and dialysable iron (P = 0.54, r = 0.09) when considered separately. When analyzed considering protein sources, this relationship was shown to be inversely proportional to protein hydrolysate (P = 0.03, r = -0.72), and soy protein (P = 0.02, r = -0.93). the percentage of dialysable iron was significantly greater from the protein hydrolysate (P < 0.01). the dialysable iron showed a negative correlation with calcium (P < 0.05, r = -0.61). in conclusion, the infant formulas whose protein sources are casein and casein plus whey protein should present Ca:Fe and Fe:vitamin C ratios that allow considerable iron dialysability. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Iron restriction increases myoglobin gene and protein expression in Soleus muscle of rats
    (Acad Brasileira De Ciencias, 2016) Souza, Janaina Sena de [UNIFESP]; Brunetto, Erika L.; Nunes, Maria Tereza
    Iron is an important trace element for proper cell functioning. It is present in cytochromes, hemoglobin and myoglobin (Mb), where it binds to oxygen. It is also an electron acceptor in the respiratory chain. Mb is an 18 kDa heme-protein, highly expressed in skeletal muscle and heart. The expression of several genes involved in the metabolism of iron is post-transcriptionally regulated by this element. Iron was shown to interfere with the polyadenylation step, modifying their poly (A) tail length and, as a consequence, their stability and translation rate. The aim of this study was to investigate whether iron supplementation or long and short-term restriction affects Mb gene and protein expression, as well as Mb mRNA poly(A) tail length, in cardiac and skeletal muscles of rats. Long-term iron restriction caused an increase in Mb gene and protein expression in Soleus muscle. No changes were observed in extensor digitorum longus muscle and heart. Short-term iron supplementation after iron deprivation did not alter Mb gene expression and mRNA poly(A) tail length in all tissues studied. These results indicate that Mb gene and protein expression is upregulated in response to iron deprivation, an effect that is tissue-specific and seems to occur at transcriptional level.
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    Milk-based Cornstarch Porridge Fortified with Iron is Effective in Reducing Anemia: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
    (Oxford Univ Press, 2012-10-01) Nogueira Arcanjo, Francisco Placido; Arcanjo, Cecilia Costa; Nogueira Arcanjo, Francisco Carlos; Campos, Licio de Albuquerque; Silverio Amancio, Olga Maria [UNIFESP]; Pellegrini Braga, Josefina Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Univ Fed Ceara; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This study evaluates the impact of a milk-based cornstarch porridge fortified with iron, in 4-year olds, compared with control on hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence. This trial was a cluster-randomized, double-blind one, and used milk-based cornstarch porridge fortified with 10 mg elemental iron (FeSO4), daily, during 14 weeks, compared with control. the study population comprised 4-year-old preschoolers (n = 131). Mean hemoglobin values at baseline were found to be 10.6 +/- 0.61 g dl(-1) for intervention group, and after intervention 11.5 +/- 0.80 g/dl, p < 0.0001. for control, mean hemoglobin values at baseline were 10.9 +/- 0.53 g/dl, and after intervention 11.2 +/- 0.73, p < 0.0001. the increase in mean hemoglobin was much greater in the intervention than in the control group, 0.86-0.26 g dl(-1), respectively (p < 0.0001). Anemia prevalence reduced from 75% to 20%, p < 0.0001, in the intervention group, with no reduction in the control group. Number needed for treatment was four. This study showed that milk-based cornstarch porridge fortified with ferrous sulfate increased hemoglobin levels and reduced anemia prevalence in 4-year-old preschoolers.
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    Mitochondrial DNA damage associated with lipid peroxidation of the mitochondrial membrane induced by Fe2+-citrate
    (Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2006-09-01) Almeida, Andréa M.; Bertoncini, Clelia Rejane Antonio [UNIFESP]; Borecký, Jiri; Souza-Pinto, Nadja C.; Vercesi, Aníbal E.; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; National Institute on Aging Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology
    Iron imbalance/accumulation has been implicated in oxidative injury associated with many degenerative diseases such as hereditary hemochromatosis, beta-thalassemia, and Friedreich's ataxia. Mitochondria are particularly sensitive to iron-induced oxidative stress - high loads of iron cause extensive lipid peroxidation and membrane permeabilization in isolated mitochondria. Here we detected and characterized mitochondrial DNA damage in isolated rat liver mitochondria exposed to a Fe2+-citrate complex, a small molecular weight complex. Intense DNA fragmentation was induced after the incubation of mitochondria with the iron complex. The detection of 3' phosphoglycolate ends at the mtDNA strand breaks by a 32P-postlabeling assay, suggested the involvement of hydroxyl radical in the DNA fragmentation induced by Fe2+-citrate. Increased levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine also suggested that Fe2+-citrate-induced oxidative stress causes mitochondrial DNA damage. In conclusion, our results show that iron-mediated lipid peroxidation was associated with intense mtDNA damage derived from the direct attack of reactive oxygen species.
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    Prevalência e fatores associados à anemia e deficiência de ferro em crianças de 18 a 24 meses
    (Archivos Latinoamericanos Nutricion, 2006-09-01) Pereira Netto, Michele; Priore, Silvia Eloiza [UNIFESP]; Sant'Ana, Helena Maria Pinheiro; Peluzio, Maria do Carmo Gouveia; Sabarense, Cephora Maria; Silva, Danielle Goes da [UNIFESP]; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A transversal study was carried out with 101 18- to 24-month old infants, attended at public health services in Vicosa, MG, Brazil, The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence and factors associated to anemia and iron deficiency among infants. Data were obtained by interviews of the infants' parents or guardians at their households. Hemoglobin and ferritin analyses were peformed using an automatic counter and the immunometric dosage method, respectively. Feces samples were analyzed by the Hoffman, Faust and Ritchie methods. Anemia was characterized by hemoglobin concentration and iron deficiency by ferritin. For dietary practice, the 24-hour recall was used. Linear regression and logistics analyses were conducted to evaluate the variables associated to hemoglobin and iron deficiency, respectively. Anemia, iron deficiency and intestinal parasite prevalences were 30.1; 38.4, and 21%, respectively. The number of household members, age infants were introduced to juices/or fruit, mother's level of instruction, and total breastfeeding period were associated to the levels of hemoglobin plasma. The associated variables for iron deficiency were milk consumption near meals and number of household members.
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    Randomized Controlled Trial of Iron-Fortified Drinking Water in Preschool Children
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010-04-01) Arcanjo, Francisco Placido Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Braga, Josefina Aparecida Pellegrini [UNIFESP]; Pinto, Vicente de Paulo Teixeira; Free Univ Brussels; Prime Hlth Consultants Inc; Univ Pittsburgh; Baylor Univ; Univ Queensland; Hosp ABC Mexico; Miami Childrens Hosp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Inst Nacl Salud; Univ Seville; Ponce Sch Med; Univ Nebraska; Univ Hong Kong; Mead Johnson Res Ctr
    Objectives: To evaluate the effects of fortified drinking water. with different concentrations of iron added, on hemoglobin and hematocrit values in preschoolers.Methods: Double-blind, randomized cluster clinical trial, with children aged 2 to 5 years of age, from 4 state-run schools, forming 1 group for each school. For fortification, ferrous sulphate in concentrations of 5 mg of elemental iron per liter of water (group A), 7.5 mg (group B), and 10 mg (group C), was used during a period of 4 months. In group D, the control, a placebo (Bixa orellana) was added. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were checked before and after intervention.Results: Before fortification, hemoglobin and hematocrit averages were below the reference values adopted in all groups. After fortification, the prevalence of anemia showed a reduction in the 4 groups, which was more pronounced in group B, at 48.3%. The hemoglobin values in groups B (11.5) and C (11.4) were statistically similar. However, the average consumption of water/day/student was lower in group C. Comparison of hemoglobin values between groups A (11.2) and D (11.0) did not show a significant difference, suggesting insignificant efficacy with 5 mg Fe/L fortification.Conclusions: The consumption of drinking water fortified with 7.5 mg of elemental iron/L water resulted in greater adhesion and an increase in hemoglobin values, with a reduction in the prevalence of anemia.
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    Risks of anemia in infants according to dietary iron density and weight gain rate
    (Elsevier B.V., 2004-10-01) Hadler, MCCM; Colugnati, FAB; Sigulem, D. M.; Fed Univ Goias; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background. the objective of the study was to identify risk factors of infant anemia and to assess a new indirect method to identify the risks of anemia using a probability curve based on dietary iron density and weight gain rate.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 110 term infants in a public health unit in Goiania, Brazil. A socioeconomic, demographic, anthropometric survey and dietary assessment were performed. Hemoglobin, red blood cell distribution width (RDW), ferritin, and C-reactive protein were determined.Results. the risk factors identified by final adjusted logistic regression were male infants (OR = 2.38), infants whose mothers were housewives (OR = 5.01), and households with more than three members (OR = 3.08). Another risk factor was the introduction of meat after 6 months (OR = 3.3). There was a positive dose-response effect between milk consumption and prevalence of anemia adjusted for sex and age (Effect = 0.120; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.225). Dietary iron density (from 6 to 9 months) and weight gain rate (from 9 to 12 months) significantly affected the probability of the infant having anemia.Conclusions. the probability curve for anemia obtained from dietary iron density and weight gain rate can be used to identify the risks of anemia, and together with the risk factors identified are important for anemia prevention programs. (C) 2004 the Institute for Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.