Navegando por Palavras-chave "immunology"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosBrazilian report on primary immunodeficiencies in children: 166 cases studied over a follow-up time of 15 years(Plenum Publ Corp, 1997-07-01) Grumach, A. S.; Duarte, AJS; BellinatiPires, R.; Pastorino, A. C.; Jacob, CMA; Diogo, C. L.; CondinoNeto, A.; Kirschfink, M.; CarneiroSampaio, MMS; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); INST ADOLFO LUTZ REGISTRO; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); UNIV HEIDELBERG; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)One hundred sixty-six cases of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) (95 males, 71 females), diagnosed according to WHO criteria, have been registered at the Children's Hospital, University of São Paulo, Brazil. the following frequencies were found: predominantly humoral defects, 60.8% (n = 101); T cell defects, 4.9% (n = 8): combined ID, 9.6% (n = 16); phagocyte disorders, 18.7% (n = 31); and complement deficiencies, 6% (it = 10). IgA deficiency was the most frequent disorder (n = 60), followed by transient hypogammaglobulinemia (n = 14), chronic granulomatous disease (ii = 14), and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (n = 9). in comparison to other (national) reports, we observed higher relative frequencies of phagocyte and complement deficiencies. Recurrent infections were the cause of death in 12.7%. Allergic symptoms were observed in 41%, mainly in IEA-deficient, hypogammaglobulinemic. or hyper-IEE patients, and autoimmune disorders in 5%, predominantly in IgA and complement deficiencies. Five patients suffered from BCG dissemination: two of them died. This is the first Brazilian report on PID over an observation time of 15 years.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEfeito da vacina contra papilomavírus humano (tipos 6, 11, 16 e 18) no tratamento de crianças com papilomatose respiratória recorrente(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-12-16) Hermann, Juliana Sato [UNIFESP]; Pignatari, Shirley Shizue Nagata Pignatari [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Purpose: To evaluate whether the tetravalent vaccine against human papilomavírus (HPV) (types 6, 11, 16 and 18), when administered in a group of patients with juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), influences the clinical course of the disease. Method: Uncontrolled intervention study of patients with juvenile-onset RRP of the Clinic of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of São Paulo, where nine patients aged between 9-17 years received three doses of prophylactic quadrivalent vaccine against HVP (Gardasil®) and were followed for one year. The staging of disease, the intervals between relapses, the intervals between surgeries and their number during the year prior to vaccination and the first year of follow-up after vaccination were compared. Results: Eight patients had disease due to HPV-6 and one per HPV-11. There was no statistically significant change between the previous and subsequent years of vaccination in relation to clinical score (p = 0,083), anatomical score (p = 0,257), interval between relapses (p = 0,062), interval between surgery (p = 0,357) and the number of surgeries (p = 0,180). All patients had relapsed following vaccination. Conclusion: Vaccination with Gardasil® did not affect the clinical course of patients with juvenile-onset RRP during the study period.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Effects of Risperidone on Cytokine Profile in Drug-Naive First-Episode Psychosis(Oxford Univ Press, 2015-02-01) Noto, Cristiano [UNIFESP]; Ota, Vanessa Kiyomi; Gouvea, Eduardo S.; Rizzo, Lucas B. [UNIFESP]; Spindola, Leticia M. N. [UNIFESP]; Honda, Pedro H. S.; Cordeiro, Quirino [UNIFESP]; Belangero, Sintia Iole [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Gadelha, Ary [UNIFESP]; Maes, Michael; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa São Paulo; Deakin Univ; Chulalongkorn UnivBackground: There is robust evidence that schizophrenia is characterized by immune-inflammatory abnormalities, including variations on cytokine levels. the results of previous studies, however, are heterogeneous due to several confounding factors, such as the effects of antipsychotic drugs. Therefore, research on drug-naive first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients is essential to elucidate the role of immune processes in that disorder.Methods: the aim of this study is to compare cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-17) in drug-naive FEP patients both before and after treatment with risperidone for 10 weeks, and to investigate possible associations between cytokine levels and clinical responses to treatment and presence of depressive symptoms. It this study, we included 55 drug-naive FEP patients who had repeated measurements of cytokine levels and 57 healthy controls.Results: We found that FEP patients had significantly higher IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels than healthy controls. After risperidone treatment, these three cytokines and additionally IL-4 decreased significantly. No significant difference was found between the post-treatment cytokine levels in FEP patients and in healthy controls, suggesting that these alterations in cytokine profiles are a state marker of FEP. No significant association was found between risperidone-induced changes in cytokines and the clinical response to treatment or the presence of depression. There was a significant inverse association between the risperidone-induced changes in IL-10 and the negative symptoms.Conclusions: in conclusion, our results show a specific cytokine profile in FEP patients (monocytic and regulatory T-cell activation) and suggest immunoregulatory effects of risperidone treatment, characterized by suppressant effects on monocytic, Th2, and T-regulatory functions.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosHIV-antibody detection in vitreous humor and serum by enzyme immunosorbent assay and particle agglutination test(Lippincott-raven Publ, 1997-09-01) Schor, Paulo [UNIFESP]; Sato, Emilia Inoue [UNIFESP]; Kuroda, Akemi [UNIFESP]; Barros, PSM; Marcopito, L. A.; Belfort, Rubens Junior [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Purpose, To compare enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) and the particle agglutination (PA) test for the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in cadaveric vitreous humor and serum. Methods, Seventeen cadavers presenting pathologic signs of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at autopsy and 33 without AIDS signs were evaluated. Consistency (kappa) and significance (p) between the diagnostic tests were established. Results, The right and left eyes of each of 48 bilaterally tested cadavers presented identical diagnostic results in all laboratory tests. All tests were positive for antibodies in the AIDS cadavers except for two EIA-negative vitreous results. Three autopsy-negative cadavers showed by both EIA and PA testing positive results in serum and negative in vitreous. Two of them showed a serum-positive Western blot. Conclusion, Serum EIA anti-HIV antibody detection test is the current gold standard for evaluating corneal donor material. Neither the PA test nor EIA should be used for vitreous testing because of their low sensitivity.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosImmune response of patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis challenged with a symbiotic(Wiley, 2017) Martins Mimura, Maria Angela [UNIFESP]; Borra, Ricardo Carneiro; Watashi Hirata, Cleonice Hitomi [UNIFESP]; Penido, Norma de Oliveira [UNIFESP]Background: There are indications that Th1 polarization of immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), and that the use of probiotics can stimulate immune regulatory activity, influencing the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to characterize the initial immune profile of RAS patients and evaluate clinical and serological response following a challenge with symbiotic treatment containing fructooligosaccharide, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. Methods: The immune responses of the 45 patients with RAS, submitted to symbiotic or placebo for 120 days, in relation to 30 RAS-free controls, were evaluated over a period of 6 months. Peripheral blood was collected from all patients at 0 (T0), 120 (T4), and 180 days (T6) after the start of treatment and Th1 (IL12-p70, IFN-gamma), Th2 (IL-4), Treg (IL-10), Th17 (IL-17A), inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-6)-associated cytokines, and clinical parameters were quantified. Results: At T0, significant differences were found in the serological levels of the IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-6 cytokines of the RAS patients in comparison with the controls. It was observed that the cytokine profile of the RAS group was comprised of 2 distinct clusters: a pure Th2 and a Mixed (Th1/Th2) subtype and that symbiotic treatment induced an improvement in pain and an increase in IFN-gamma levels, producing a reduction in Th2 response. Conclusions: In RAS, symbiotic treatment based on a fructooligosaccharide, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium composition produced an alteration in the Th2 serological immune profile in the direction of Th1 and improved pain symptomatology.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Narcolepsia(Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2007-01-01) Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho Santos [UNIFESP]; Elias, Rosilene Motta; Pradella-Hallinan, Márcia Lurdes de Cássia [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Lia Rita Azeredo [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein Setor de Urgências; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Instituto do SonoBACKGROUND: Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological syndrome with prevalence between 0.018% and 0.040% without important ethnic differences. Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. The pathophysiology of the illness is not known; even so it possesses genetic marker (allele HLA DQB1 *0602) and with abnormalities in the neurotransmission of hypocretin has been described in patients with narcolepsy. OBJECTIVES: Resume news discoveries in narcolepsy and show diagnoses and treatment options. METHODS: Bibliographic review. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The diagnoses of narcolepsy must be done with The International Classification of Sleep Disorders criteria. The hypocretin dosage is the best exam to confirm diagnose in narcoleptic patients with typical cataplexy. The treatment is carried through with behavior actions and symptomatic drugs that promote the vigil and control the cataplexy. Differential diagnoses as schizophrenia, epilepsy, depression and others sleep disorders need to be eliminated.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPathophysiology of narcolepsy(Soc Iberoamericana Informacion Cientifica-s I I C, 2012-05-01) Santos Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho [UNIFESP]; Pradella-Hallinan, Marcia [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Azeredo Bittencourt, Lia Rita [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ TorontoIntroduction: Narcolepsy is a primary disturbance of the Central Nervous System with a prevalence of 0.02%. It is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, sleep palsy, and sleep fragmentation. Diagnosis: Narcolepsy diagnosis is defined by clinical defaults and analysis of five naps during multiple sleep latency tests. Pathophysiology: Higher prevalence of HLA-DQB1 *0602 allele and lower hypocretin-1 levels were demonstrated in patients with narcolepsy and cataplexy. However, the pathophysiology is not completely known, although a few theories are currently under discussion. Recently, authors described different patterns in the alpha T cell receptor locus and higher prevalence of specific tribbles homolog 2 antibodies in the narcoleptic population. Treatment: The treatment must ensure the familial and social integration of the patient. Conclusion: Narcolepsy is an interesting disease, which involves neurology, immunology, sleep medicine, psychiatry, and genetics. Narcoleptic patients have various difficulties in personal, professional and familial scenarios. Although many advances have been made, the best tool is information for physicians and the general population.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A study of T CD4, CD8 and B lymphocytes in narcoleptic patients(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2007-06-01) Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho Santos [UNIFESP]; Pradella-Hallinan, Márcia Lurdes de Cássia [UNIFESP]; Alves, Gabriela Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Lia Rita Azeredo [UNIFESP]; Pedrazzoli, Mario [UNIFESP]; Moreira, Fábio [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleep and cataplexy. Little is known about the possible difference in pathophysiology between patients with or without cataplexy. OBJECTIVE: To quantify T CD4, T CD8 and B lymphocytes in subgroups of patients with narcolepsy and the presence or absence of the HLA-DQB1*0602 allele between groups. METHOD: Our study was prospective and controlled (transversal) with 22 narcoleptic patients and 23 health control subjects. Patients underwent an all-night polysomnographic recording (PSG) and a multiple sleep latency Test (MSLT). The histocompatibility antigen allele (HLA-DQB1*0602), T CD4, CD8 and B lymphocytes were quantified in control subjects and in narcoleptics. RESULTS: The HLA-DQB1*0602 allele was identified in 10 (62.5%) of our 16 cataplexic subjects and in 2 (33.3%) of the 6 patients without cataplexy (p=0.24). In control subjects, HLA-DQB1*0602 allele was identified in 5 (20%). A significant decrease in T CD4 and B lymphocytes was found in narcoleptic patients with recurrent cataplexy when compared with our patients without cataplexy. CONCLUSION: Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis were associated with a decrease in sub-group of T CD4 and B lymphocytes. A drop in B lymphocytes count in reumathoid arthritis might, it is posited, be correlated to the presence of HLA-DRB1 allele along with an overall worsened outcome of the affliction. The theory of an increase in consumption of B lymphocytes over the maturation phase has likewise been put forward. Our study reinforces the view that narcolepsy should be considered from an immunological perspective.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosWhy do anal wounds heal adequately? A study of the local immunoinflammatory defense mechanisms(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004-11-01) Paula, P. R. de; Matos, D.; Franco, M.; Speranzini, M. B.; Figueiredo, F.; Santana, ICB de; Chacon-Silva, M. A.; Bassi, D. G.; Univ Taubate; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Catolica Brasilia; Universidade de Brasília (UnB)PURPOSE: the aim of this study was to identify the tissue defense immunoinflammatory mechanisms present in the healing process of anal region wounds resulting from hemorrhoidectomy by the open technique.METHODS: Immunohistochemical techniques were applied to biopsies of anal wounds obtained on Day 0 and Day 6 after surgery from 20 patients with hemorrhoid disease to charactcrize and quantify macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells in high-power fields (400x). These techniques were also used to identify Cells showing immunoexpression of cytokines (transforming growth factor beta 1, transforming growth factor beta 2, transforming growth factor beta 3) and constitutive and induced nitric oxide synthase. Plasma cells were quantified on slides stained with hernatoxylin and eosin and the presence of immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin A secreting cells was investigated by direct immunofluorescence.RESULTS: An acute nonspecific inflammation with no lymphomono-nuclear-plasmacytic component was observed on Day 0. On Day 6, an inflammatory cellular infiltration rich in macrophages and lymphoplasmacytic cells was detected, which documented the participation of innate defense mechanisms and the adaptive tissue response. On Day 6, the mean number of immunoinflammatory cells were as follows: macrophages (CD68+) = 190.3; macrophages (HAM56+) = 184.3; T lymphocytes (CD3+) = 59.6; T lymphocytes (CD45RO+) = 47.7; helper T lymphocytes (CD4+) = 89.2; cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+) = 29.4; B lymphocytes (CD20+) = 64.4; plasma cells = 1.7; natural killer cells (NK1+) = 12.9. Macrophages (HAM56+ and CD68+) were present in significantly higher amounts than those of the remaining ones. B lymphocytes (CD20+) predominated over T lymphocytes (CD3+), although the difference between the two cell types was not significant. Participation of the humoral immune system was characterized by the presence of immunoglobulin G-secreting cells. the cellular immune system was characterized by the identification of T lymphocytes (CD3+ and CD45RO+), most of them belonging to the T helper cell subpopulation (CD4+). These predominated in a significant manner over cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+). Natural killer cells were present in small amounts. There was immunoexpression of constittitive nitric oxide synthase on Day 0 and on Day 6. Induced nitric oxide Synthase was not identified on Day 0 but was present on Day 6. Transforming growth factor beta 2 and transforming growth factor beta 3 were expressed in endothelial cells on Day 0 and on Day 6, and transforming growth factor betal was also expressed in macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts on Day 6. Transforming growth factor beta I and transforming growth factor beta 2 were expressed significantly in macrophages, whereas transforming growth factor beta 3 Occurred at similar proportions in the three cell types.CONCLUSIONS: the host developed locally innate and immunologic defense adaptive mechanisms. the predominant local defense response involved macrophages. Natural killer cells and immunoexpression of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in endothelial cells were components of the noninduced innate response. in the induced innate response, in addition to neutrophils, there were large numbers of macrophages that were the major cells showing immunoexpression of transforming growth factor beta and induced nitric oxide synthase. the adaptive immunologic response was characterized by T and B lymphocytes. Helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells predominated in the cellular immune response and cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells were present in small numbers. Secretory immunoglobulin G plasma cells were present in small numbers as a component of the humoral immune system.