Repositório Institucional - Unifesp :: Navegando por Palavras-chave "heart"

Navegando por Palavras-chave "heart"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ablation of the ability to control the right-to-left cardiac shunt does not affect oxygen uptake, specific dynamic action or growth in the rattlesnake Crotalus durissus
(Company of Biologists Ltd, 2013-05-01) Leite, Cleo A. C. [UNIFESP]; Taylor, Edwin W.; Wang, Tobias; Abe, Augusto S.; Andrade, Denis O. V. de; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Birmingham; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Aarhus Univ
The morphologically undivided ventricle of the heart in non-crocodilian reptiles permits the mixing of oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs and oxygen-poor blood from the systemic circulation. A possible functional significance for this intra-cardiac shunt has been debated for almost a century. Unilateral left vagotomy rendered the single effective pulmonary artery of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus, unable to adjust the magnitude of blood flow to the lung. the higher constant perfusion of the lung circulation and the incapability of adjusting the right-left shunt in left-denervated snakes persisted over time, providing a unique model for investigation of the long-term consequences of cardiac shunting in a squamate. Oxygen uptake recorded at rest and during spontaneous and forced activity was not affected by removing control of the cardiac shunt. Furthermore, metabolic rate and energetic balance during the post-prandial metabolic increment, plus the food conversion efficiency and growth rate, were all similarly unaffected. These results show that control of cardiac shunting is not associated with a clear functional advantage in adjusting metabolic rate, effectiveness of digestion or growth rates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alcohol consumption and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: experimental approach
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-12-01) Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Machado, Helio Rubens; Almeida, Antonio-Carlos G. de; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica
Using the pilocarpine model of epilepsy, we investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on the frequency of seizures in animals with epilepsy as well the underlying a possible association between alcohol intake and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) occurrence. Rats were divided randomly into two groups: (A) rats with epilepsy and (B) rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of ethanol solution (350 mg kg-1, i.p.) for 30 days. The basal frequency of seizures observed in the A and B groups during the first 30 days were 3.4±1.5 and 3.2±1.9 seizures per week per animal, respectively. In B group, it was observed a significant seizure increase (11.6±5.3) during the first 2 weeks of alcohol administration and quite interesting, one rat died suddenly after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure during this period. We concluded in our experimental study that exist a possible association between alcohol abuse and SUDEP occurrence.
Somente Metadadados
Angiotensin receptor in the heart of Bothrops jararaca snake
(Elsevier B.V., 2001-04-06) Breno, M. C.; Porto, C. S.; Picarelli, Z. P.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Inst Butantan
Angiotensin II interacts with specific cell surface angiotensin AT(1) and AT(2) receptors and, in some vertebrates, with an atypical angiotensin AT receptor. This study was designed to characterize the angiotensin receptor in the heart of Bothrops jararaca snake. A specific and saturable angiotensin II binding site was detected in cardiac membranes and yielded K-d = 7.34 +/- 1.41 nM and B-max = 72.49 +/- 18 fmol/mg protein. Competition-binding studies showed an angiotensin receptor with low affinity to both angiotensin receptor antagonists, losartan (2-n-butyl-4-chloro-5-hydroxymethyl-1-[(2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]imidazole) and PD123319 ((s)-1-(4-[dimethylamino]-3-methylphenyl)methyl-5-(diphenylacetyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylate). Studies on the intracellular signaling pathways showed that phospholipase C/inositol phosphate breakdown and adenylylcyclase/cyclic AMP generation were not coupled with this angiotensin receptor. An adenylylcyclase enzyme sensitive to forskolin was detected. the results indicate the presence of an angiotensin receptor in the heart of B. jararaca snake pharmacologically distinct from angiotensin AT(1) and AT(2) receptors. It seems to belong to a new class of angiotensin receptors, like some other atypical angiotensin AT receptors that have already been described. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de parâmetros cardíacos em animais com epilepsia: possível causa de morte súbita?
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2005-12-01) Colugnati, Diego Basile [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Paulo Alberto Paes; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UMC NPT Laboratório de Neurociências; Centro Universitário São Camilo; UMC
Among the causes for sudden death in epilepsy, cardiac dysfunction has been an area of interest. Based on this, the aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate (in vivo and in vitro) and ventricular pressure in vitro of rats with epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. Adult male Wistar rats (n=6) were given pilocarpine hydrochloride to induce status epilepticus. Control rats (n=6) received saline solution instead pilocarpine. Our results showed significant differences in the mean of heart rate in vivo between the groups. In contrast, we did not find differences during in vitro experiments. Our results suggest a central nervous system modulation on the heart, which could explain the sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The brain-heart connection: Implications for understanding sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
(Via Medica, 2009-09-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera C.; Sonoda, Eliza Yumi de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Epilepsy is one of the commonest neurological problems worldwide. Approximately 3% of the general population will suffer from epilepsy at some point in their lives. Unfortunately, individuals with epilepsy are at a higher risk of death than the general population, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. Information concerning risk factors for SUDEP is conflicting, but potential risk factors include young age, early onset of epilepsy, duration of epilepsy, uncontrolled seizures, seizure frequency, antiepileptic drug number and winter temperatures. Although the cause of SUDEP is still unknown, its most commonly suggested mechanisms are cardiac abnormalities during and between seizures. As the anatomical substrate of epileptic activity in the central nervous system shows a direct relation to cardiovascular alterations, this may suggest that patients with epilepsy associated with focal central nervous system lesions may face a particular risk of SUDEP. Currently, experimental and clinical data supports the importance of specific brain structures in the behavioural manifestation, the initiation and the propagation of seizures. Regarding the above findings, our research group focused on this review article that S UDEP could be related to the occurrence of specific brain structure dysfunction or anatomical change, at least in some cases. (Cardiol J 2009; 16, 5: 394-399)
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Carbamazepine does not alter the intrinsic cardiac function in rats with epilepsy
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2010-08-01) Colugnati, Diego Basile [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Sonoda, Eliza Yumi de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Pansani, Aline Priscila [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Presbiterian Mackenzie University Center of Biological Sciences and Health Program Graduate Development Disorders; University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Medicine School Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences
Among the causes for sudden unexpected death (SUDEP) in epilepsy, the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the heart have been poorly explored. Based on this, the aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate (in vivo and isolated ex vivo) and ventricular pressure (isolated ex vivo) of rats with and without epilepsy treated with carbamazepine. Four groups of adult, male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were studied: [A] control rats (n=8), received neither pilocarpine nor carbamazepine [B] carbamazepine-treated rats (n=8), received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks; [C] rats with epilepsy that received just saline solution (n=8); [D] rats with epilepsy that received a daily dose of 120 mg/Kg, i.p. of carbamazepine for two weeks (n=8). Our results showed significant increase in heart rate in animals with epilepsy (with and without the use of carbamazepine) when compared to the control groups in vivo. In contrast, we did not find differences during isolated ex vivo experiments comparing animals with and without epilepsy and despite the use of carbamazepine. Our results suggest that, in isolation, carbamazepine may not be a potential risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Could sudden cardiac death in epilepsy be related to the occurrence of thalamic dysfunction or anatomic change?
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-03-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Calderazzo, Lineu [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Antonio-Carlos G. de; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death in people with chronic epilepsy. Its physiopathology is still unknown; however, the most commonly suggested potential mechanisms involve cardiac or respiratory abnormalities. As the anatomical substrate of epileptic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) shows a direct relationship with cardiovascular alterations, this may suggests that patients with epilepsy associated with focal CNS lesions may be at particular risk of SUDEP. Currently, experimental and clinical data support an important role for thalamic nuclei in the behavioural manifestations, initiation and propagation of seizures. In view of the above findings, we purpose that SUDEP, at least in some cases, could be related to the occurrence of thalamic dysfunction or anatomic change.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Environmental air pollution is an aggravating event for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2013-10-01) Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Calderazzo, Lineu [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
It is extremely difficult to estimate the occurrence of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). On the other hand, discovering and carefully evaluating new risk factors that may contribute to the onset of cardiovascular abnormalities in people with refractory epilepsy may prevent fatal events in these individuals. In this context, we should not ignore that urban air pollution is a leading problem for environmental health and is able to cause serious cardiovascular dysfunctions that culminate in sudden death. In this regard, we aimed to determine whether environmental exposure to air pollution is an aggravating event for SUDEP.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Epilepsy kills
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2012-03-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
People with epilepsy are more likely to die prematurely, and the most common epilepsy-related category of death is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Thus, the purpose of this article was to alert the scientific community about SUDEP.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fish consumption, contaminants and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: many more benefits than risks
(Instituto Internacional de Ecologia, 2010-08-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Machado, Helio Rubens; Rabello, Gmm. [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
People with epilepsy have an increased risk of dying prematurely and the most common epilepsy-related category of death is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SUDEP is mainly a problem for patients with chronic uncontrolled epilepsy. The ultimate goal of research in SUDEP is to develop new methods to prevent it and actions other than medical and surgical therapies that could be very useful. Nutritional aspects, i.e., omega-3 fatty acids deficiency, could have an interesting role in this scenario. Some animal and clinical studies have suggested that omega-3 fatty acids could be useful in the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and hence SUDEP. It has been ascertained that the only foods that provide large amounts of omega-3 are seafood (fish and shellfish); however, some fish are contaminated with methylmercury, which may counteract the positive effects of omega-3 fatty acids. Our update review summarises the knowledge of the role of fish consumption on epilepsy research.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Heart Levels of Interleukin-6 in Rats with Chronic Inflammation due to Epilepsy
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2017) Nejm, Mariana Bocca [UNIFESP]; Abou Haidar, Andre [UNIFESP]; Hirata, Aparecida Emiko [UNIFESP]; Oyama, Lila Missae [UNIFESP]; de Almeida, Antonio-Carlos Guimaraes; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrao [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of premature death related to epilepsy. The causes of SUDEP remain unknown, but cardiac arrhythmias and asphyxia have been suggested as a major mechanism of this event. Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both epilepsy and ventricular arrhythmia, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) being recognized as a crucial orchestrator of inflammatory states. Our group previously reported that levels of IL-6 were increased in the hearts of epileptic rats. In this scenario, anti-inflammatory actions are among the beneficial effects of fish oil dietary supplementation. This investigation revealed that elevated levels of IL-6 in the heart were markedly reduced in epileptic rats that were treated in the long-term with fish oil, suggesting protective anti-inflammatory actions against dangerously high levels of IL-6. Based on these findings, our results suggest beneficial effects of long-term intake of fish oil in reducing the inflammation associated with chronic epilepsy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Galectin-3: A Friend but Not a Foe during Trypanosoma cruzi Experimental Infection
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2017) da Silva, Aline A.; Teixeira, Thaise L.; Teixeira, Samuel C.; Machado, Fabricio C. [UNIFESP]; dos Santos, Marlus A.; Tomiosso, Tatiana C.; Tavares, Paula C. B.; e Silva Brigido, Rebecca T.; Martins, Flavia Alves; de Lira Silva, Nadjania S. [UNIFESP]; Rodrigues, Cassiano C.; Roque-Barreira, Maria C.; Mortara, Renato A. [UNIFESP]; Lopes, Daiana S.; Rodrigues Avila, Veridiana de Melo; da Silva, Claudio V.
Trypanosoma cruzi interacts with host cells, including cardiomyocytes, and induces the production of cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteinases, and glycan-binding proteins. Among the glycan-binding proteins is Galectin-3 (Gal-3), which is upregulated after T. cruzi infection. Gal-3 is a member of the lectin family with affinity for beta-galactose containing molecules; it can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm and can be either membrane-associated or secreted. This lectin is involved in several immunoregulatory and parasite infection process. Here, we explored the consequences of Gal-3 deficiency during acute and chronic T. cruzi experimental infection. Our results demonstrated that lack of Gal-3 enhanced in vitro replication of intracellular parasites, increased in vivo systemic parasitaemia, and reduced leukocyte recruitment. Moreover, we observed decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleen and heart of infected Gal-3 knockout mice. Lack of Gal-3 also led to elevated mast cell recruitment and fibrosis of heart tissue. In conclusion, galectin-3 expression plays a pivotal role in controlling T. cruzi infection, preventing heart damage and fibrosis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão de Qualidade Empresarial: como essa teoria pode ser útil na pesquisa do fenômeno de morte súbita e inesperada na epilepsia?
(Liga Brasileira de Epilepsia (LBE), 2008-03-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes Núcleo de Pesquisas Tecnológicas
INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder, approximately 1% of the population worldwide have epilepsy. Moreover, people with epilepsy are more likely to die prematurely than those without epilepsy and the most common epilepsy-related category of death is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to discuss the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, etiology and preventative measures in the management of SUDEP from strategies adopted by corporate system experts. CONCLUSIONS: This is a interesting paradigm shift with significant implications for guiding research on SUDEP.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Is cold the new hot in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy? Effect of low temperature on heart rate of rats with epilepsy
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2008-12-01) Sonoda, Eliza Yumi de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Colugnati, Diego Basile [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Pansani, Aline Priscila [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Antonio-carlos G. de; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes; Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei Departamento de Engenharia Biomédica
Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the commonest cause of seizure-related mortality in people with refractory epilepsy. Several risk factors for SUDEP are described; however, the importance of including low temperatures as risk factor for SUDEP was never explored. Based on this, the aim of this study was to evaluate the heart rate of rats with epilepsy during low temperature exposure. Our results showed that low temperature clearly increased the heart rate of rats with epilepsy. Taken together, we concluded that exposure to low temperatures could be considered important risk factors from cardiovascular abnormalities and hence sudden cardiac death in epilepsy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Is there something special about cardiovascular abnormalities and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy among patients with chronic renal insufficiency in regular hemodialysis program?
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-06-01) Gomes, Rui A. [UNIFESP]; Kesrouani, Silvana; Cruz, Jenner; Silva, Alexandre L.; Henriques, Tânia M.g.; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Sonoda, Eliza Yumi de Freitas [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Instituto de Nefrologia de Mogi das Cruzes; Universidade Mackenzie Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbio do Desenvolvimento; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Of the many risk factors suggested for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), higher frequency of seizures is a very consistent issue. Following this reasoning, it has been established that hemodialysis-associated seizure is a complication of dialysis procedure. Based on these facts, this study investigated a possible association between cardiovascular abnormalities and SUDEP among patients with chronic renal insufficiency in regular hemodialysis program. For that, a retrospective medical history of 209 patients was reviewed to investigate the occurrence of convulsive seizures and EKG abnormalities during dialytic program. Three patients presented generalized tonic-clonic seizures, one had partial seizure with secondary generalization, and one presented unclassified seizure. Any EKG abnormalities and SUDEP event were found in all patients evaluated. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated uncommon the occurrence of seizures and also SUDEP. Probably, the main justification to not allow us to demonstrated a direct relation between SUDEP and cardiovascular diseases in hemodialysis are the reduced number of cases examined.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
May the best friend be an enemy if not recognized early: possible role of omega-3 against cardiovascular abnormalities due antipsychotics in the treatment of autism
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-09-01) Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera Cristina; Machado, Helio Rubens; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Schwartzman, José Salomão; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopment disorders that cause severe and pervasive impairment in socialization, communication, and behavior. Although the availability of antipsychotic treatment in ASD has expanded, we will be very careful with side effects of these pharmacological agents. Following this reasoning, emerging data indicate that some antipsychotics may be associated with cardiovascular adverse events (e.g., QT interval prolongation), suggesting that this could be correlated to sudden death. Quite interesting, substantial evidence from epidemiological and case-control studies indicates that omega-3 reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality, particularly sudden cardiac death. In accordance to the above mentioned findings, as omega-3 fatty acids per se have a direct cardiovascular protective role, our paper hypothesized that omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in ASD patients treated with atypical antipsychotic drugs may reduce cardiac arrhythmias and hence sudden cardiac death.
Somente Metadadados
Morphological classification of the septomarginal trabecula in humans
(Via Medica, 2011-11-01) Bandeira, Sergio Tadeu Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Wafae, Gabriela Cavallini; Ruiz, C.; Nascimento, S. R.; Fernandes, J. R.; Wafae, Nader [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Paraiba
Although the septomarginal trabecula is a well-known anatomical structure, there continue to be different ways of studying it. In this study, we dissected the muscle bundles that form it, and this has enabled us to present a new classification based on the origin, path, and termination of these bundles. This study was conducted on 99 hearts removed from the cadavers of adult humans aged 18 to 82 years, of which 72 were male and 27 were female. The septomarginal trabecula presents two components in its composition: one septal and the other septal-papillary, i.e. extending from the septum to the anterior papillary muscle. The septal component may be visible macroscopically, forming a fleshy third-order column, or may only be visible by means of dissection. The septal-papillary component is always visible and is a fleshy column of either second-order or third-order type. Another parameter takes into consideration the papillary-parietal connection, i.e. the junction of the septomarginal trabecula with the anterior papillary muscle, which may be single or present ramifications to the anterior wall and/or apex. Taking these criteria as references, we have classified the septomarginal trabecula into eight types. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 4: 300-304)
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Morphometric, quantitative, and three-dimensional analysis of the heart muscle fibers of old rats: Transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy methods
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-02-01) Cury, Diego Pulzatto; Dias, Fernando Jose; Kronka Sosthenes, Marcia Consentino; Dos Santos Haemmerle, Carlos Alexandre; Ogawa, Koichi; Pereira Da Silva, Marcelo Cavenaghi [UNIFESP]; Mardegan Issa, Joao Paulo; Iyomasa, Mamie Mizusaki; Watanabe, Ii-Sei; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Fed Univ Para; Fukuoka Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This research investigated the morphological, morphometric, and ultrastructural cardiomyocyte characteristics of male Wistar rats at 18 months of age. the animals were euthanized using an overdose of anesthesia (ketamine and xylazine, 150/10 mg/kg) and perfused transcardially, after which samples were collected for light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. the results showed that cardiomyocyte arrangement was disposed parallel between the mitochondria and the A-, I-, and H-bands and their M- and Z-lines from the sarcomere. the sarcomere junction areas had intercalated disks, a specific structure of heart muscle. the ultrastructural analysis revealed several mitochondria of various sizes and shapes intermingled between the blood capillaries and their endothelial cells; some red cells inside vessels are noted. the muscle cell sarcolemma could be observed associated with the described structures. the cardiomyocytes of old rats presented an average sarcomere length of 2.071 +/- 0.09 mu m, a mitochondrial volume density (Vv) of 0.3383, a mitochondrial average area of 0.537 +/- 0.278 mu m2, a mitochondrial average length of 1.024 +/- 0.352 mu m, an average mitochondrial cristae thickness of 0.038 +/- 0.09 mu m and a ratio of mitochondrial greater length/lesser length of 1.929 +/- 0.965. of the observed mitochondrial shapes, 23.4% were rounded, 45.3% were elongated, and 31.1% had irregular profiles. in this study, we analyzed the morphology and morphometry of cardiomyocytes in old rats, focusing on mitochondria. These data are important for researchers who focus the changes in cardiac tissue, especially changes owing to pathologies and drug administration that may or may not be correlated with aging. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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The other side of the coin: Beneficiary effect of omega-3 fatty acids in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
(Elsevier B.V., 2008-08-01) Scorza, Fulvio A. [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta M.; Arida, Ricardo M. [UNIFESP]; Terra-Bustamante, Vera C.; Albuquerque, Marly de; Cavalheiro, Esper A. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); NPT UMC; Univ Presbiteriana Mackenzie
The epilepsies are the most common serious neurological condition. People with epilepsy have a two- to threefold increased risk of dying prematurely than those without epilepsy, and the most common epilepsy-related category of death is sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). the exact pathophysiological causes of SUDEP remain unknown, but it is very probable that cardiac arrhythmia during and between seizures plays a potential role. Although the pharmacological treatments available for the epilepsies have expanded, antiepileptic drugs are still limited in clinical efficacy. in this regard, several factors such as genetic, environmental, and social can contribute to the inefficacy of therapeutic outcome in patients with epilepsy. Among these factors, nutritional aspects, that is, omega-3 fatty acid deficiency, have an interesting role in this scenario. Animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that omega-3 fatty acids may be useful in the prevention and treatment of epilepsy. Moreover, as omega-3 fatty acids per se have been shown to reduce cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac deaths, it has been proposed that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in patients with refractory seizures may reduce seizures and seizure-associated cardiac arrhythmias and, hence, SUDEP. Given their relative safety and general health benefits, our update article summarizes the knowledge of the role of dietary omega-3 fatty acids in epilepsy. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Somente Metadadados
Reduced neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression contributes to cardiac oxidative stress and nitroso-redox imbalance in ob/ob mice
(Elsevier B.V., 2007-05-01) Saraiva, Roberto M. [UNIFESP]; Minhas, Khalid M.; Zheng, Meizi; Pitz, Eleanor; Treuer, Adriana; Gonzalez, Daniel; Schuleri, Karl H.; Vandegaer, Koenraad M.; Barouch, Lili A.; Hare, Joshua M.; Johns Hopkins Med Inst; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Miami
Disruption of leptin signaling in the heart may contribute to obesity-related cardiac disease, as leptin deficient (ob/ob) mice display cardiac hypertrophy, increased cardiac apoptosis and reduced survival. Since leptin maintains a tonic level of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) expression in the brain, we hypothesized that leptin deficiency would decrease 1 cardiac expression, in turn activating xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and creating nitroso-redox imbalance. We studied 2- to 6-month-old ob/ob (n = 26) and C57B1/6 controls (n = 27). Cardiac NOS1 protein abundance (P < 0.01) and mRNA expression (P = 0.03) were reduced in ob/ob (n = 10 and 6, respectively), while NOS3 protein abundance and mRNA expression were unaltered. Importantly, cardiac NOS1 protein abundance was restored towards normal in ob/ob mice after leptin treatment (n = 3; P < 0.05 vs leptin untreated ob/ob mice). NO metabolite (nitrite and nitrate) production within the myocardium was also reduced in ob/ob mice (n = 5; P = 0.02). Furthermore, oxidative stress was increased in ob/ob mice as GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased (n = 4; P = 0.02). Whereas XOR activity measured by Amplex Red fluorescence was increased (n = 8; P = 0.04), XOR and NADPH oxidase subunits protein abundance were not changed in ob/ob mice (n = 6). Leptin deficiency did not disrupt NOS1 subcellular localization, as NOS1 co-localized with ryanodine receptor but not with caveolin-3. in conclusion, leptin deficiency is linked to decreased cardiac expression of NOSI and NO production, with a concomitant increase in XOR activity and oxidative stress, resulting in nitroso-redox imbalance. These data offer novel insights into potential mechanisms of myocardial dysfunction in obesity. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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