Navegando por Palavras-chave "gastroenteritis"

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    Hospital-based Surveillance to Evaluate the Impact of Rotavirus Vaccination in São Paulo, Brazil
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010-11-01) Palazzi Safadi, Marco Aurelio; Berezin, Eitan Naaman; Munford, Veridiana; Almeida, Flavia Jaqueline; Moraes, Jose Cassio de; Pinheiro, Cid Fernando; Racz, Maria Lucia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Luiz Hosp; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Background: Brazil implemented routine immunization with the human rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix, in 2006 and vaccination coverage reached 81% in 2008 in São Paulo. Our aim was to assess the impact of immunization on the incidence of severe rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE).Methods: We performed a 5-year (2004-2008) prospective surveillance at a sentinel hospital in São Paulo, with routine testing for rotavirus in all children less than 5 years of age hospitalized with AGE. Genotypes of positive samples were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results: During the study, 655 children hospitalized with AGE were enrolled; of whom 169 (25.8%) were positive for rotavirus. in the post-vaccine period, a 59% reduction in the number of hospitalizations of rotavirus AGE and a 42.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.6%-59.0%; P = 0.001) reduction in the proportion of rotavirus-positive results among children younger than 5 years were observed, with the greatest decline among infants (69.2%; 95% CI, 24.7%-87.4%; P = 0.004). Furthermore, the number of all-cause hospitalizations for AGE was reduced by 29% among children aged <5 years. the onset and peak incidences of rotavirus AGE occurred 3 months later in the 2007 and 2008 seasons compared with previous years. Genotype G2 accounted for 15%, 70%, and 100% of all cases identified, respectively, in 2006, 2007, and 2008.Conclusions: After vaccine implementation, a marked decline in rotavirus AGE hospitalizations was demonstrated among children younger than 5 years of age, with the greatest reduction in the age groups targeted for vaccination. the predominance of genotype G2P[4] highlights the need of continued postlicensure surveillance studies.
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    Rotavirus infection in children and adult patients attending in a tertiary Hospital of São Paulo, Brazil
    (Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 2008-02-01) Carraro, Emerson [UNIFESP]; Perosa, Ana Helena Sitta [UNIFESP]; Siqueira, Itacy; Pasternak, Jacyr; Martino, Marines Dalla Vale; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Albert Einstein Hospital Clinical Laboratory Microbiology Section
    During the period of January 2003 to December 2005, 3,768 stool samples were received in the Microbiology Laboratory for rotavirus antigen detection from outpatients and inpatients of Albert Einstein Hospital, SP. Fresh stool samples from children and adults were analyzed by two methodologies: during 2003 and 2004 by latex agglutination (Slidex Rotavirus, Biomerieux) and 2005 by an immunochromatographic assay for the combined detection of rotavirus and adenovirus (Vikia Rota-Adeno, Biomerieux). Rotavirus group A was detected in 755 (20%) samples. The annual prevalence was 19.8% in 2003, 21.7% in 2004, and 18.7% in 2005. Rotavirus was detected every month during the period of the study, with peak of positivity between June and August (>35%). The prevalence in hospitalized patients was 26.1% (352/1,350) and in outpatients was 16.7% (403/2,418). For hospitalized patients most of the rotavirus infections were diagnosed in Pediatric setting, age range of 0 to 10 years (prevalence of 55.3%, 295/534). Overall positivity was up to 30% in patients between six months and five years of age (67% of all positive patients), all other age groups had at least 10% positive tests. Rotavirus infection is common in São Paulo, and besides the expected higher frequency in children it is also frequent in adults.