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- ItemSomente MetadadadosA comparative study of the anorectic and behavioral effects of fenproporex on male and female rats(Assoc Bras Divulg Cientifica, 1996-08-01) Mattei, Rita [UNIFESP]; Carlini, Elisaldo Araujo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The anorectic and behavioral effects of fenproporex (Fenp, 10 mg/kg, ip) and methamphetamine (Met, 2.5 mg/kg, ip), a prototypical example of an amphetamine-like drug, were studied in male and female Wistar rats (5 and 3 months of age, respectively, at the beginning of the experiments) after acute (immediately after a single dose) or chronic treatment (after 60 days of administration). For the evaluation of the experimental parameters six groups of eight rats each were utilized for food intake and stereotyped behavior and six groups of nine rats each for body weight and motor activity. Similar anorectic effects (decreased food intake in grams: saline (Sal): 12.8 +/- 2.5, Met: 4.7 +/- 4.0, and Fenp: 4.4 +/- 20; decreased weight gain: Sal: 38 +/- 10, Met: 25 +/- 1.0, and Fenp: 27 +/- 3.0) were induced by both drugs in male rats. Female rats, however, required larger doses (20 mg/kg Fenp and 5.0 mg/kg Met) for a complete blockade of food intake. The behavioral tests were carried out 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 min after drug administration and on day 1 and day 60 immediately after the treatment, for stereotypy and motor activity, respectively (male rats: Met: 3.8 +/- 0.3, Fenp: 6.0 +/- 0.9, and female rats: Met: 15.4 +/- 1.9, Fenp: 9.7 +/- 1.3). Though stereotyped behavior such as sniffing, continuous licking, and false bites was observed in all animals, this was more evident and prolonged in female rats. Both drugs also increased motor activity (male rats, acute treatment: Met: 608 +/- 419, Fenp: 677 +/- 354; chronic treatment: Met: 701 +/- 423, Fenp: 908 +/- 479; female rats, acute treatment: Met: 817 +/- 350, Fenp: 1177 +/- 282; chronic treatment: Met: 623 +/- 274, Fenp: 1511 +/- 573) with female rats once again showing greater sensitivity both after acute and chronic treatment. Our data indicate that fenproporex, like methamphetamine, has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system, indicating an action on the dopaminergic systems. These data further suggest that its therapeutic use as an appetite moderator should be prescribed with caution, especially to women, since, at least in the species studied, the female organism seems to show higher susceptibility to the central effects of this substance.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Consumo alimentar e doença macrovascular em nipo-brasileiros: um estudo transversal(Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, 2009-10-01) Salvo, Vera Lúcia Morais Antonio de; Cardoso, Marly Augusto; Barros Junior, Newton de [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Metodista de São Paulo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To describe the food intake of Japanese-Brazilians with and without macrovascular disease (MVD). METHODS: MVD was defined, for 1,165 Japanese-Brazilians, by scores attributed to the health historical, electrocardiogram and ankle-brachial index values. The usual dietary intake was determined using a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The MVD prevalence was of 3.2%, being similar among genders. Statistically higher frequencies of individuals with MVD were observed among those of first generation, with age > 60 years, tobacco user, with hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes. Subjects with MVD were older, with smaller hip circumference, and higher systolic blood pressure levels, triglycerides and glycemia concentration; they informed higher consumption of iron source food and smaller of grains fibers. Statistically significant difference was found to saturated fat (crude analysis: second tercile versus first tercile). CONCLUSIONS: Programs of nutritional education should be stimulated in this group with high prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Consumption of industrialized food by infants attending child day care centers(Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo, 2014-03-01) Toloni, Maysa Helena de Aguiar [UNIFESP]; Longo-Silva, Giovana [UNIFESP]; Konstantyner, Tulio [UNIFESP]; Taddei, Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Alagoas Faculdade de Nutricao; Universidade de Santo AmaroObjective:To identify the age of introduction of petit suisse cheese and instant noodles in the diet of infants attending nurseries of public day care centers and to compare the nutritional composition of these foods with the healthy recommended diet (breast milk and salt meal) for this age, in order to estimate nutritional errors.Methods:Cross-sectional study of 366 children (from nine to 36 months old) who attended day care centers, whose mothers were interviewed about the age of introduction of those foods. The means of the nutrients indicated on the labels of the most consumed brands were considered. For the calculation of the percent composition of breast milk and salt meal, Tables of Food Composition were used. To assess the nutritional adequacy, we used the Dietary Reference Intakes by age group. The percentage of adequacy evaluation of the petit suisse cheese and the instant noodles nutritional compositions was made by comparing them with those of the human milk and the salt meal, respectively.Results:The petit suisse cheese and the instant noodles were consumed by 89.6 and 65.3% of the children in the first year of life. The percentages of adequacy for carbohydrates were more than twice and the percentages for sodium were 20 times higher than those found in the recommended foods.Conclusions:Both industrialized products are inappropriate for infants, emphasizing the need for adoption of norms that can inform health professionals, educators and parents about the risks of consumption.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Contribuições das práticas alimentares e inatividade física para o excesso de peso infantil(Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo, 2008-09-01) Rinaldi, Ana Elisa M.; Pereira, Avany Fernandes; Macedo, Célia Sperandeo; Mota, João Felipe [UNIFESP]; Burini, Roberto Carlos; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To review the literature in order to show how current feeding and physical activity practices may contribute to childhood overweight. DATA SOURCE: Ovid Journals, Highwire and SciELO, selecting original and review articles from 1997 to 2007, published in English and Portuguese. DATA SYNTHESIS: The periodic assessment of children nutritional status is important to diagnose their current health status and to predict their adult life prognosis. In Brazil, the prevalence of childhood obesity is progressively increasing in all social classes and its frequency varies from five to 18%, according to the region assessed. The association between the health, demographic and behavioral transition and the change in feeding practices can explain the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight. The current food consumption with high fat, sugar and sodium intake and low intake of whole cereals, fruits and vegetables associated to physical inactivity due to the excessive use of computers, electronic games and television may play a role in childhood obesity. This life style can be explained by changing family habits and school environment. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest considerable influence of environmental factors, mainly nutritional habits and physical inactivity, on the increasing prevalence of childhood overweight.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Densidade energética da dieta e sua relação com a presença de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em idosos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-06-23) Pimenta, Sabrina Pessoni [UNIFESP]; Ramos, Luiz Roberto Ramos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: The energy density (ED) is defined as the amount of energy (kcal) per weight of food (grams). A decrease in the consumption of foods with high ED may help to reduce the total caloric value of the diet, preventing weight gain and the onset of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Objectives: To assess the energy density of the diet and its relation to nutritional status, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hypertension and socio-demographic variables in the elderly, as well as to analyze the prevalence of NCD and identify the nutritional status and point out which meal higher and lower energy density. Methods: Cross-sectional study with the elderly, part of a cohort of Epidoso.Foi assessed the diets of 345 elderly through the Food Recall 24 hours. The ED of diet was calculated with all solid and liquid food, excluding drinks energy value less than 5 kcal/100g. To examine the relationship between ED diet and the presence of NCD used the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test extension. Results: There was no significant variation between the DE into tertiles and NCD, nutritional status, sex, age and education. The total energy of the diet is lower in older age groups and higher for men. DE was very similar in all age groups and both sexes. The highest and lowest average DE were found in the breakfast and evening snack, respectively. Most seniors who consumed a diet with amount of lipids above the recommended carbohydrate and lower than recommended, was the last tertile of energy density. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence for NCDs and females was significantly related to low birth weight and obesity. The average found DE was 1.14 kcal/g, showing no association with the NCD, nutritional status and sociodemographic variables. Most DE meal was breakfast.
- ItemRestritoDietary patterns associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Brazilian city(Pan Amer Health Organization, 2007-11-01) Neumann, Africa Isabel Cruz Perez; Martins, Ignez Salas; Marcopito, Luiz Francisco [UNIFESP]; Araujo, Eutalia Aparecida Candido; Secetaria Estado Saude São Paulo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective. To identify the dietary patterns of individuals living in the urban area of São Paulo, Brazil, and to investigate the association between these patterns and biological, sociodemographic, and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Method. A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was carried out with a population-based probabilistic sample. the 2 100 participants of both sexes were from 15 to 59 years of age. A sociodemographic, behavioral clinical, and dietary survey was applied to a systematic subsample of 700 people. Dietary patterns were determined using factor analysis based on a food frequency questionnaire. Covariance analysis was used to determine the associations between dietary patterns and sociodemographic and behavioral variables, and multilinear regression to determine the association between dietary patterns and biological factors.Results. Four patterns were identified: (1) the cafeteria pattern (simple sugars and saturated fat), associated with areas of medium sociodemographic and environmental homogeneity, high school and university-level schooling, and alcohol consumption; positively associated with systolic (SAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR); and negatively associated with HDL. (2) the traditional pattern (including cereals, beans, and infusion beverages) was predominant among women and in the age group over 50 years;associated with alcohol consumption, higher income, and areas of medium homogeneity; positively associated with glucose levels and BMI; and negatively associated with triglycerides and WHR. (3) the modern pattern (low intake of fat and simple sugars; fish) was predominant among individuals from high homogeneity areas, with higher income and university schooling;negatively associated with DAP, total cholesterol, glucose levels, and LDL. (4) the atherogenic pattern (saturated fat, addition of salt to cooked foods and alcohol consumption) was predominant among males; associated with elementary schooling, smoking, alcohol consumption, and areas of medium and low homogeneity; and positively associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose levels, BMI, and WHR.Conclusions. the results indicate an unfavorable trend in the dietary patterns of this population, since three of the four patterns identified (cafeteria, traditional, and atherogenic) are significantly associated with risk factors for CVD.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Erros alimentares na dieta de crianças frequentadoras de berçários em creches públicas no município de São Paulo, Brasil(Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo, 2011-03-01) Golin, Christine Kochi; Toloni, Maysa Helena de Aguiar [UNIFESP]; Longo-Silva, Giovana [UNIFESP]; Taddei, Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To describe the dietary errors occurring when supplementary feeding is introduced and non-maternal milk is offered to children attending public daycare centers in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive study of 255 children aged between five to 29 months. Pre-coded and structured questionnaires with open and closed questions were developed for data collection that occurred between April and November 2007. Such data were transcribed and analyzed by Epi-Info 2000 statistical software. The analyzed variables were the introduction of non-maternal milk, the introduction of foods and the initial solidity of supplementary feeding. RESULTS: The introduction of non-maternal milk occurred in 40% of children aged up to three months and in 78% up to six months. By the age of three months, approximately 50% received non-dairy liquids and 15%, strained fruits, vegetables, greens and meat. Regarding the introduction of non-maternal milk, 68% of babies received cow milk and 31%, infant formulas. Liver and fish were the latest foods to be offered. Regarding solidity of meals, 49% were inadequate. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that children attend public daycare centers points out the importance to properly qualify the professionals who work in such places and are eventually responsible for introducing the supplementary feeding.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de crianças menores de dois anos atendidas em unidades básicas de saúde da cidade de Diadema, São Paulo, Brasil(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-07-07) Castro, Lucíola Sant'Anna de [UNIFESP]; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar de crianças menores de dois anos atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) da cidade de Diadema, SP, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado de abril a dezembro de 2012, que avaliou lactentes frequentadores de 6 UBS da cidade de Diadema, SP. Foram coletados dados antropométricos (peso e comprimento atuais) e de consumo alimentar dos lactentes, conforme o Formulário de Marcadores de Consumo Alimentar para Indivíduos Menores de 5 anos do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, e dados sociodemográficos maternos. O estado nutricional, em escore z, foi classificado com base nos pontos de corte recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e o consumo alimentar foi categorizado de acordo com o formulário. Com o objetivo de identificar perfis socioeconômicos maternos, empregou-se a técnica estatística de análise fatorial exploratória, encontrando-se dois perfis socioeconômicos: Perfil 1: mães com menor renda, menor escolaridade e beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF); Perfil 2: mães com mais idade, com maior número de filhos e com maior número de residentes no domicílio. Empregaram-se estatísticas qui-quadrado e t de Student nas análises inferenciais, considerando o nível de significância ? igual a 5%. Resultados: Entre as 350 crianças incluídas no estudo, 51,7% das crianças eram do sexo feminino e 68% tinham idade entre 6 e 23 meses. Observou-se elevada prevalência de excesso de peso (17,4%) entre as crianças de 6 a 23 meses (p=0,000), principalmente entre aquelas que faziam uso de mamadeira (p= 0,020) e eram beneficiárias do PBF (p= 0,045). O déficit ponderal foi de menor magnitude, porém importante nas crianças menores de seis meses (IC95%= 1,14; 19,9), enquanto que o déficit de estatura para idade foi moderado (11,6%). Em relação ao consumo alimentar, 56% do total de crianças recebia leite materno por ocasião da coleta de dados. Dentre as crianças com menos de 6 meses (n= 112), as prevalências de aleitamento materno exclusivo, predominante e complementado foi de 41,1%, 21,4% e 21,4%, respectivamente; a introdução dos alimentos complementares foi precoce com maior freqüência de água ou chá (58,6%), fórmula infantil (49,2%) e leite de vaca (25%). Dentre as crianças de 6 a 23 meses, a maioria não recebia mais o leite materno (55,6%), tinha consumo insuficiente de frutas, legumes/verduras, carnes e feijão, tendo recebido açúcar, mel ou melado (32,4%) e papa salgada antes dos seis meses de idade (45,2%); e as práticas alimentares inadequadas, mais frequentes, foram o consumo de suco ou refresco industrializado no último mês (60,8%), não ter recebido leite materno no dia anterior (56,9%), consumo de leite com espessante no dia anterior (54,3%), refrigerante no último mês (54,2%), ter realizado alguma refeição assistindo TV (33,3%). Dos perfis socioeconômicos maternos encontrados, o Perfil 1 foi associado estatisticamente com o excesso de peso nas crianças (p=0,011) e com o consumo de água/chá (p= 0,047), leite de vaca (p= 0,030) e papa salgada (p= 0,019), enquanto o Perfil 2 foi associado estatisticamente com os déficits de estatura e peso e o excesso de peso (p= 0,024, p=0,003 e p= 0,025, respectivamente) e com o consumo de leite materno (p= 0,048). Conclusão: Com este estudo pôde-se concluir que as crianças menores de dois anos, atendidas nas UBS da cidade de Diadema estudadas, apresentaram elevada prevalência de excesso de peso, principalmente as beneficiárias do PBF, e consumo alimentar inadequado. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de qualificação e conscientização dos profissionais de saúde para a promoção das ações de alimentação e nutrição, bem como, para a vigilância alimentar e nutricional no cotidiano de trabalho.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estado nutricional e consumo de energia e nutrientes de pré-escolares que frequentam creches no município de Manaus, Amazonas: existem diferenças entre creches públicas e privadas?(Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo, 2012-01-01) Tavares, Bruno Mendes; Veiga, Gloria Valeria Da; Yuyama, Lucia Kiyoko O.; Bueno, Milena Baptista; Fisberg, Regina Mara; Fisberg, Mauro [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Amazonas Instituto de Saúde e Biotecnologia; UFRJ Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia; Universidade Paulista; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVES: To assess the nutritional status and dietary intakes of children attending public and private day care centers in Manaus, Brazil. METHODS: The study assessed children aged 24 to 72 months, enrolled at two public (n=217) and two private (n=91) day care centers in Manaus. Nutritional status was classified according to Z scores for weight-for-age, weight-for-height, height-for-age and BMI-for-age. Dietary intakes were measured using the direct food-weighing method for 1 day. A 1-day dietary recall was administered to parents to assess dietary intakes outside the day care centers. The frequencies of children with nutrient intakes above and below the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) or Adequate Intake (AI) cutoffs were calculated. RESULTS: There proportion of overweight children was higher at the private day care centers, according to both weight-for-height and BMI-for-age indexes. Children from the public day care centers had higher intakes of polyunsaturated fat, trans fat, omega-6, vitamin C and sodium, and lower zinc intake when compared to those at private centers. Elevated energy intake and a high proportion of children with vitamin A, vitamin C, zinc and sodium intakes over the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels were observed at both types of day care center. There was a higher proportion of children with inadequate calcium intake at the public centers (27.6 vs. 7.9%, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Energy and sodium intakes were above recommended levels at both types of day care center. Calcium intakes were below recommended, especially at the public day care centers. Children's diets should be monitored more closely to prevent diseases later in life.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Folato, B6 e B12 na adolescência: níveis séricos, prevalência de inadequação de ingestão e alimentos contribuintes(Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2011-02-01) Steluti, Josiane; Martini, Lígia A.; Peters, Barbara S. E. [UNIFESP]; Marchioni, Dirce M. L.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum concentrations and the prevalence of inadequate folate intake and also vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intakes and to identify those foods that make a major contribution to intake levels of these nutrients. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study of adolescents of both sexes aged 16 to 19 years from the town of Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil. Data collection was by non-consecutive 3-day dietary record. The samples habitual diet was estimated by removing intraindividual variability, and the prevalence rates of inadequate intakes were calculated using the estimated average requirement as cutoff points. Biochemical assays for folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 were conducted in accordance with the methods accepted in the literature. RESULTS: The study sample comprised 99 adolescents, the majority of whom were female (58.6%), with a mean age of 17.6 [standard deviation, (SD) 0.9]. Mean serum concentrations for folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 were 9.2 (SD 3.4) ng/mL, 18.7 (SD 5.1) nmol/L and 397.5 (SD 188.4) pg/mL, respectively; and the prevalence rates of inadequate intake for these vitamins were 15.2, 10.2 and < 1%, respectively. The foods that made a major contribution to vitamin intakes were French bread, pasta and beans for folate; white rice, chicken and beef for vitamin B6; and lean beef, whole milk and fatty beef for vitamin B12. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rates of inadequate folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 intakes were low, which is possibly the result of improved access to and availability of foods that are dietary sources of these vitamins. Beans, which are a part of the traditional Brazilian diet, remain one of the primary food items that contribute to folate intake, even after mandatory fortification with folic acid in Brazil.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosFood Insecurity and the Negative Impact on Brazilian Children's HealthWhy Does Food Security Matter for Our Future Prosperity? Brazilian National Survey (PNDS 2006/07)(Sage Publications Inc, 2016) Poblacion, Ana Paula [UNIFESP]; Cook, John T.; Marin-Leon, Leticia; Segall-Correa, Ana Maria; Silveira, Jonas Augusto Cardoso da [UNIFESP]; Konstantyner, Tulio [UNIFESP]; Taddei, Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo [UNIFESP]Background: Food insecurity (FI) refers to limited or uncertain access to food resulting from financial constraints. Numerous studies have shown association between FI and adverse health outcomes among adults and children around the world, but in Brazil, such information is scarce, especially if referring to nationally representative information. Objective: To test for an independent association between FI and health outcomes. Methods: Most recent Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey using nationally representative complex probability sampling. Participants were 3923 children <5 years of age, each representing a household. Data from the validated Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale were dichotomized as food secure (food security/mild FI) or food insecure (moderate FI/severe FI). Poisson regression was used to test for associations between FI and various health indicators. Results: Models adjusted for socioeconomic and demographic variables showed that children hospitalized for pneumonia or diarrhea were 30% more prevalent in FI households (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.3
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Grupos de alimentos para investigação de risco para diabetes tipo 2 e doenças associadas(Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva, 2011-09-01) Nishimura, Renata Yumi; Damião, Renata; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Sartorelli, Daniela Saes; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)INTRODUCTION: The food groups conventionally applied in activities of nutritional counseling were established according to their macronutrient content. However, it does not consider recent scientific evidences of the association between food consumption and risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE: To propose food groups for the investigation of the association between food consumption and risk of developing type 2 diabetes and associated diseases among Japanese-Brazilians. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a lifestyle intervention study conducted among Japanese-Brazilians of Bauru, SP, Brazil, from 2005 to 2007. Food intake was assessed by three 24-hour recalls of 640 participants, both genders, aged 30 to 88 years old. RESULTS: Eighteen new food groups were proposed according to their quantity and quality of fat, carbohydrates, sodium, and fiber. CONCLUSION: The new food groups incorporate recent evidences of the association between diet and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.