Navegando por Palavras-chave "fluoroquinolones"

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    Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Latin America: results from five years of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program
    (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004-07-01) Castanheira, Mariana [UNIFESP]; Gales, Ana Cristina [UNIFESP]; Mendes, Rodrigo Elisandro [UNIFESP]; Jones, R. N.; Sader, Helio Silva [UNIFESP]; Jones Grp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A total of 1561 pneumococcal isolates were collected in 1997-2001, mainly from patients with community-acquired respiratory tract infections, and susceptibilities were tested by reference broth microdilution against 29 antimicrobial agents. in general, 69.3% of strains were considered susceptible (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 mg/L) to penicillin. Resistance to penicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 2 mg/L) and cefotaxime (MIC greater than or equal to 4 mg/L) was found in 11.9% and 0.4% of isolates, respectively. the fluoroquinolones gatifloxacin (MIC90, 0.5 mg/L) and levofloxacin (MIC90, 1 mg/L) were active against > 99% of the isolates tested. Among the other non-beta-lactam drugs tested, the rank order of susceptibility was chloramphenicol (95.6%) > clindamycin (94.5%) > azithromycin (88.5%) > clarithromycin (87.5%) >tetracycline (79.5%) > trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole (60.5%). the penicillin-non-susceptible isolates presented higher rates of resistance to other antimicrobial agents. the rank order of penicillin resistance rates among the seven participating countries was Mexico (25.0%) > Uruguay (19.2%) > Chile (18.3%) > Colombia = Argentina (9.9%) > Brazil (3.9%) > Venezuela (2.8%). the regional rate of penicillin resistance did not vary significantly over the years studied (p 0.339). Screening for the ermB and mefA genes by multiplex rapid cycle PCR on 23 erythromycin-resistant isolates collected during the year 2001 showed that 43.5% and 56.5%, respectively, were positive for ermB and mefA. Overall, the results indicated that antimicrobial susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae vary significantly among Latin American countries. Regional and local surveillance programmes are necessary to guide empirical therapy of pneumococcal infection in Latin American countries.
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    Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of contemporary clinical strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates: Can moxifloxacin activity be predicted by levofloxacin MIC results?
    (Esift Srl, 2008-02-01) Gales, Ana Cristina [UNIFESP]; Jones, R. N.; Sader, Helio Silva [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); JMI Labs
    The susceptibility profile of 763 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates was evaluated against 16 antimicrobials by the CLSI reference broth microdilution method. Minocycline (MIC90, 1 mu g/ml; 100.0% susceptible) was the most active compound, followed by doxycycline (MIC90, 4 mu g/ml; 99.6% susceptible), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (MIC90, 1 mu g/ml; 97.8% susceptible), and tigecycline (MIC 90, 2 mu g/ml). An excellent correlation between levofloxacin (MIC90, 4 mu g/ml; 86.5% susceptible by published breakpoint criteria) and moxifloxacin (MIC90, 2 mu g/ml) MIC results was observed indicating that moxifloxacin could be further evaluated as a therapeutic option for S. maltophilia infections.
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    In vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae causing infectious keratitis after LASIK in Brazil
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005-08-01) Hofling-Lima, Ana Luisa [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Denise de [UNIFESP]; Sampaio, Jorge Luiz Mello [UNIFESP]; Leao, Sylvia Cardoso [UNIFESP]; Contarini, Patricia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae isolated from outbreaks of infectious keratitis in Brazil.Material and Methods: Micobacterial isolates were recovered from infectious keratitis cases related outbreaks that occurred in Brazil after LASIK for myopia. Two outbreaks occurred in Rio de Janeiro in 1998 and 1999, and 3 in Sao Paulo between 2000 and 2003. All laboratorial analysis, including molecular identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing with determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin, were performed at Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo in Brazil.Results: Fifteen samples were identified as M chelonae, and 3 were identified as M. abscessus. The outbreaks studied were designated SP-1 in 2000; SP-2 in 2000-2001; and SP-3 in 2003, R1 in 1988 and R2 in 1999. All but 1 of the M. chelonae were resistant to all fluoroquinolones with an MIC90 greater than 32 mu g/mL. The only susceptible isolate had MIC levels for ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin of 0.38 mu g/mL, 0.032 mu g/mL, 0.047 mu g/mL, and 0.19 mu g/mL, respectively. MIC levels for all 3 M abscessus isolates tested were greater then 32 mu g/mL for all fluoroquinolones tested.Conclusions: Fluoroquinolone MICs for 17 M abscessus and M chelonae isolates recovered from infectious keratitis cases in Brazil indicate that they are not susceptible to these drugs in vitro. Further studies to investigate the in vivo effectiveness of fluoroquinolones against mycobacteria are required because in vitro tests do not support their use in the treatment of micobacterial keratitis in this particular geographic area.
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    In vitro activity of garenoxacin tested against a worldwide collection of ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains (1999-2004)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2007-05-01) Sader, Helio S.; Fritsche, Thomas R.; Jones, Ronald N.; JMI Labs Inc; Tufts Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Garenoxacin is a novel des-F(6)-quinolone with a chemical Structure that lacks the C6 position fluorine and has a unique difluoromethoxy substitution at position C8. This Study evaluated the in vitro activity of garenoxacin tested against a large collection of Enterobacteriaceae collected worldwide. the bacterial isolates were consecutively collected from more than 70 medical centers from bloodstream, respiratory, urinary tract, and skin and soft tissue infections. the isolates were tested against garenoxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and many other oral and parenteral antimicrobial agents. All isolates were susceptibility tested by broth microdilution methods according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and interpretative criteria. A garenoxacin-susceptible breakpoint of <= 2 mu g/mL was applied for comparison purposes only. the fluoroquinolones were the most active oral compounds with overall susceptibility rates of 87.5% to 90.0%. Garenoxacin showed in vitro activity comparable with that of ciprofloxacin and the other fluoroquinolones against Eycherichia coli (MIC50, <= 0.03 mu g/mL; 87.3% susceptible), Klebsiella SPP- (MIC50, 0.12 mu g/mL-1 90.4-94.5% susceptible), Enterobacter spp. (MIC50, 0.12 mu g/mL; 85.6-86.5% susceptible), Salmonella SPP. (MIC50, 0.06 mu g/mL; 99.7% susceptible), and Shigella spp. (MIC50, <= 0.03 mu g/mL; 99.9% susceptible), which accounted for 87.0% of the Enterobacteriaceae strains tested. Garenoxacin was highly active against ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains (98.1% susceptibility), whereas ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were generally resistant to all other fluoroquinolones and also showed high rates of resistance to other orally administered antimicrobials. in conclusion, garenoxacin in vitro activity was similar to that of currently marketed fluoroquinolones and superior to other orally administered antimicrobial agents (cephalosporins, amoxicillin/clavulanate, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) when tested against more than 45 000 globally collected Enterobacteriaceae. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.