Navegando por Palavras-chave "exercise"

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    Acute effect of a resistance exercise session on markers of cartilage breakdown and inflammation in women with rheumatoid arthritis
    (Wiley, 2017) Pereira Nunes Pinto, Ana Carolina; Natour, Jamil [UNIFESP]; De Moura Castro, Charlles Heldan [UNIFESP]; Eloi, Marina [UNIFESP]; Lombardi Júnior, Imperio [UNIFESP]
    Aim: To assess the acute effect of resistance exercise (RE) on circulating biomarkers of cartilage breakdown and inflammation in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Thirty-four volunteers (17 with and 17 without RA), participated in a 25 min RE session (knee extension, knee flexion, hip abduction and hip adduction) with one set of 12 repetitions at 50% of one repetition maximum (1RM) and one set of eight repetitions at 75% of 1RM. Blood samples were collected 30 and 5 min before, immediately after and 1, 2 and 24 h after the session. We used analysis of variance for repeated-measures with Bonferroni adjustments to assess differences between groups over time. Results: In both groups we found significant changes in interleukin (IL)-1 beta (P = 0.045), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) (P < 0.001), IL-10 (P = 0.004), IL-6 (P < 0.001) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) P < 0.001) in response to exercise, but no changes in tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein levels. We found no differences in the responses of the two groups to the session, except for COMP levels, which are more sensitive to exercise and rest effects in RA patients. Conclusion: Women with and without RA have similar changes in response to a RE session in levels of inflammation biomarkers, but not of cartilage breakdown. IL-10 and IL-1ra increased after the RE session, indicating that RE may have an acute anti-inflammatory effect. Additional studies are necessary to clarify if repeated RE sessions can have long-term anti-inflammatory effects and the possible clinical repercussions of this cartilage breakdown characteristic in response to exercise in RA patients.
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    Additive effects of non-invasive ventilation to hyperoxia on cerebral oxygenation in COPD patients with exercise-related O2 desaturation
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-07-01) Rodrigues, Miguel K. [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Mayron F. [UNIFESP]; Soares, Aline [UNIFESP]; Treptow, Erika [UNIFESP]; Alberto Neder, J. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Queens Univ
    Background It is currently unknown whether potential haemodynamic improvements induced by non-invasive ventilation (NIV) would positively impact upon cerebral oxygenation (COx) in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective To investigate the effects of NIV on exercise COx in COPD patients presenting with exercise-related O2 desaturation. Methods On a double-blind trial, 13 males (FEV1=48 center dot 8 +/- 15 center dot 1% predicted) were randomly assigned to NIV (16 cmH2O IPS and 5 cmH2O PEEP) plus HOx (FiO2= 0 center dot 4) or sham NIV (7 cmH2O IPS and 5 cmH2O PEEP to overcome breathing circuit resistance) plus HOx during ramp-incremental exercise performed on different days. Near-infrared spectroscopy and impedance cardiography assessed changes () in COx and cardiac output (QT), respectively. Results There were no significant between-intervention differences in peak work rate, ventilation and reported symptoms (0 center dot 05). Peripheral oxyhaemoglobin saturation remained above 98% throughout the tests. NIV+HOx was associated with larger increases in COx, QT and stroke volume at maximal and submaximal exercise (P<0 center dot 05). Increases in the area under the curve (to an iso-work rate) of COx under NIV+HOx were significantly (P<0 center dot 01) correlated with improvements in QT (r=0 center dot 82) and stroke volume (r=0 center dot 87). There was, however, no significant correlation between enhancement in these physiological responses with changes in peak work rate with NIV+HOx (0 center dot 05). Conclusions NIV added benefit to HOx in improving central haemodynamics and COx in O2 desaturators' with COPD. the clinical relevance of such beneficial effects on exercise tolerance, however, remains to be demonstrated.
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    Aerobic fitness effects in fibromyalgia
    (J Rheumatol Publ Co, 2003-05-01) Valim, Valéria; Oliveira, Leda; Suda, Alina; Silva, Luciana; Assis, Marcos de; Barros Neto, Turibio Leite de [UNIFESP]; Feldman, Daniel; Natour, Jamil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective. To compare 2 exercise modalities, aerobic fitness training and stretching exercises, in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) in relation to function, pain, quality of life, depression, and anxiety, and to correlate the cardiorespiratory fitness gain with symptom improvement.Methods. Seventy-six women with FM between 18 and 60 years old were randomized to either an aerobic program or stretching program, for 20 weeks. They. were evaluated at the beginning of the program and after 10 and 20 weeks in relation to the improvement of aerobic fitness, flexibility, function, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Short-form Health Survey (SF-36), and depression and anxiety levels. Ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VT) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) were determined by expired gas analyses.Results. Aerobic exercise was superior to stretching in relation to VO2max, VT, function, depression, pain, and the emotional aspects and mental health domains of SF-36. Patients in the stretching group showed no improvement in depression, role emotional, and mental health. No association was noted between improvement in aerobic fitness as measured by VT and the improvement of pain, function, or scores in FIQ and SF-36.Conclusion. Our results confirm that aerobic exercise is beneficial to patients with FM, but the cardiorespiratory fitness gain is not related to improvement of FM symptoms.
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    Amenorréia e osteoporose em adolescentes atletas
    (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, 2002-09-01) Mantoanelli, Graziela [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The female participation in sports has been increasing over the years. Scientific studies have shown the benefits this practice brings to women's health, but, when it comes to competitive sports, problems may arise. The most common complication described by the literature is the Female Athlete Triad, which involves three processes: the eating disorder, the amenorrhea, and the osteoporosis. In the United States, the amenorrhea afflicts up to 66% of the competition athletes, and some of its possible causes of are: weight loss, excessive training, insufficient quantity of body fat, loss of specific stores of body fat, and inadequate diet. As a consequence of the amenorrhea, the sportswoman may develop precocious osteoporosis. It is not known for sure the percentage of athletes with osteopenia, but there are indications that the lack of estrogen, the inadequate diet, and the insufficient consumption of calcium are factors predisposing them to develop the disease.
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    Are glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control influenced by inspiratory muscle exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    (Biomed Central Ltd, 2016) Schein, A. S. O.; Correa, A. P. S.; Casali, Karina Rabello [UNIFESP]; Schaan, Beatriz D.
    Background: Physical exercise reduces glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acute inspiratory muscle exercise has been shown to reduce these parameters in a small group of patients with type 2 diabetes, but these results have yet to be confirmed in a well-designed study. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute inspiratory muscle exercise on glucose levels, glucose variability, and cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods/design: This study will use a randomized clinical trial crossover design. A total of 14 subjects will be recruited and randomly allocated to two groups to perform acute inspiratory muscle loading at 2 % of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax, placebo load) or 60 % of PImax (experimental load). Discussion: Inspiratory muscle training could be a novel exercise modality to be used to decrease glucose levels and glucose variability.
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    Are glucose levels, glucose variability and autonomic control influenced by inspiratory muscle exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
    (Biomed Central Ltd, 2016) Schein, A. S. O.; Correa, A. P. S.; Casali, Karina Rabello [UNIFESP]; Schaan, Beatriz D.
    Background: Physical exercise reduces glucose levels and glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acute inspiratory muscle exercise has been shown to reduce these parameters in a small group of patients with type 2 diabetes, but these results have yet to be confirmed in a well-designed study. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of acute inspiratory muscle exercise on glucose levels, glucose variability, and cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods/design: This study will use a randomized clinical trial crossover design. A total of 14 subjects will be recruited and randomly allocated to two groups to perform acute inspiratory muscle loading at 2 % of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax, placebo load) or 60 % of PImax (experimental load). Discussion: Inspiratory muscle training could be a novel exercise modality to be used to decrease glucose levels and glucose variability.
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    Assembling the Puzzle for Promoting Physical Activity in Brazil: A Social Network Analysis
    (Human Kinetics Publ Inc, 2010-07-01) Brownson, Ross C.; Parra, Diana C.; Dauti, Marsela; Harris, Jenine K.; Hallal, Pedro C.; Hoehner, Christine; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Reis, Rodrigo S.; Ramos, Luiz Roberto [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Isabela C.; Soares, Jesus; Pratt, Michael; Washington Univ; St Louis Univ; Univ Fed Pelotas; Brazil Minist Hlth; Pontificia Univ Catolica Parana; Univ Fed Parana; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ctr Dis Control & Prevent
    Background: Physical inactivity is a significant public health problem in Brazil that may be addressed by partnerships and networks. In conjunction with Project GUIA (Guide for Useful Interventions for Physical Activity in Brazil and Latin America), the aim of this study was to conduct a social network analysis of physical activity in Brazil. Methods: An online survey was completed by 28 of 35 organizations contacted from December 2008 through March 2009. Network analytic methods examined measures of collaboration, importance, leadership, and attributes of the respondent and organization. Results: Leadership nominations for organizations studied ranged from 0 to 23. Positive predictors of collaboration included: south region, GUIA membership, years working in physical activity, and research, education, and promotion/practice areas of physical activity. The most frequently reported barrier to collaboration was bureaucracy. Conclusion: Social network analysis identified factors that are likely to improve collaboration among organizations in Brazil.
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    Associação de betabloqueadores e treinamento físico na insuficiência cardíaca de camundongos
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC, 2010-09-01) Vanzelli, Andréa Somolanji; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Sirvente, Raquel De Assis; Salemi, Vera Maria Cury; Mady, Charles; Brum, Patricia Chakur; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    BACKGROUND: Currently there are several types of interventions for the treatment of heart failure (HF). Among these are beta-blocker therapy (BB) and physical training (PT). However, the effects of the combination of these therapies are poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of BB treatment with metoprolol (M) and carvedilol (C) associated with PT in mice with HF. METHODS: We used a genetic model of sympathetic hyperactivity-induced heart failure in mice. Initially, we divided the HF animals into three groups: sedentary (S); trained (T); treated with M (138 mg/kg) (M); or C (65 mg/kg) (C). In the second part, we divided the groups into three subgroups: sedentary (S); trained and treated with M (TM); and trained and treated with C (CT). The PT consisted of aerobic training on a treadmill for 8 weeks. Exercise tolerance was assessed by maximal graded test, and fractional shortening (FS) was assessed by echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen volume fraction were evaluated by histological analysis. Data were compared by one way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: As to FS and cardiac remodeling, we found that, in isolation, T, M, and C showed an improvement of the variables analyzed. As to therapy combination, after the intervention period, we observed an increase in exercise tolerance in MT and CT (43.0% and 33.0% respectively). There was also a reduction in cardiomyocyte diameter (10.0% and 9.0% respectively) and in collagen volume fraction (52.0% and 63.0%) after the intervention. However, only CT significantly improved FS. CONCLUSION: The association of PT with M or C therapies provided benefits on cardiac function and remodeling in HF mice.
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    Caloric Restriction Is More Efficient than Physical Exercise to Protect from Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity via PPAR-Alpha Activation
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2017) Estrela, Gabriel R. [UNIFESP]; Wasinski, Frederick [UNIFESP]; Batista, Rogerio O. [UNIFESP]; Hiyane, Meire I.; Felizardo, Raphael J. F. [UNIFESP]; Cunha, Flavia [UNIFESP]; de Almeida, Danilo C. [UNIFESP]; Malheiros, Denise M. A. C.; Camara, Niels O. S.; Barros, Carlos C.; Bader, Michael; Araujo, Ronaldo C. [UNIFESP]
    The antineoplastic drug cisplatin promotes renal injury, which limits its use. Protocols that reduce renal cisplatin toxicity will allow higher doses to be used in cisplatin treatment. Here, we compare physical exercise and caloric restriction (CR) as protocols to reduce cisplatin renal injury in mice. Male C57BL/6 were divided into four groups: Control, cisplatin, exercise + cisplatin, and 30% CR + cisplatin. Animals were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (20 mg/kg i.p.) and sacrificed 96 h after injection. Quantitative real time PCR, histological analyses, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical measurements were performed to investigate renal injury, necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammatory mechanisms. Both protocols protected against cisplatin renal injury, but CR was more effective in reducing uraemia and renal necrosis. The CR + Cisplatin group exhibited reduced serum IL-1 beta and INF-alpha levels. No differences were noted in the renal mRNA expression of cytokines. Both interventions reduced apoptosis, but only the CR + Cisplatin group decreased TNFR2 protein expression. PPAR-ci was activated in mice after CR. An antagonist of PPAR-alpha blocked the protective effect of CR. Both interventions attenuated the nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin injection, but CR + Cisplatin showed a better response by modulating TNFR2. Moreover, part of the CR benefit depends on PPAR-alpha activation.
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    Carbohydrate Supplementation Influences Serum Cytokines after Exercise under Hypoxic Conditions
    (Mdpi Ag, 2016) Caris, Aline Venticinque [UNIFESP]; Silva, Edgar Tavares da [UNIFESP]; Santos, Samile Amorim dos [UNIFESP]; Lira, Fabio Santos; Oyama, Lila Missae [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos [UNIFESP]
    Introduction: Exercise performed at the hypoxia equivalent of an altitude of 4200 m is associated with elevated inflammatory mediators and changes in the Th1/Th2 response. By contrast, supplementation with carbohydrates has an anti-inflammatory effect when exercise is performed under normoxic conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate supplementation on cytokines and cellular damage markers after exercise under hypoxic conditions at a simulated altitude of 4200 m. Methods: Seven adult male volunteers who exercised for 60 min at an intensity of 50% VO2Peak were randomly evaluated under three distinct conditions
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    Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in Offspring of Hypertensive Parents During Exercise
    (Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2017) de Almeida, Leonardo Barbosa; Pecanha, Tiago; de Carvalho Mira, Pedro Augusto; de Souza, Livia Victorino [UNIFESP]; da Silva, Lilian Pinto; Martinez, Daniel Godoy; Guedes Freitas, Isabelle Magalhaes; Laterza, Mateus Camaroti
    Offspring of hypertensive parents present autonomic dysfunction at rest and during physiological maneuvers. However, the cardiac autonomic modulation during exercise remains unknown. This study tested whether the cardiac autonomic modulation would be reduced in offspring of hypertensive parents during exercise. Fourteen offspring of hypertensive and 14 offspring of normotensive individuals were evaluated. The groups were matched by age (24.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 26.6 +/- 1.5 years; p=0.25) and BMI (22.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 24.2 +/- 1.0kg/m (2) ; p=0.30). Blood pressure and heart rate were assessed simultaneously during 3min at baseline followed by 3-min isometric handgrip at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. Cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated using heart rate variability. Primary variables were subjected to two-way ANOVA (group vs. time). P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Blood pressure and heart rate were similar between groups during exercise protocol. In contrast, offspring of hypertensive subjects showed a reduction of SDNN (Basal=34.8 +/- 3.5 vs. 45.2 +/- 3.7ms; Exercise=30.8 +/- 3.3 vs. 41.5 +/- 3.9ms; p group=0.01), RMSSD (Basal=37.1 +/- 3.7 vs. 52.0 +/- 6.0ms; Exercise=28.6 +/- 3.4 vs. 41.9 +/- 5.3ms; p group=0.02) and pNN50 (Basal=15.7 +/- 4.0 vs. 29.5 +/- 5.5%; Exercise=7.7 +/- 2.4 vs. 18.0 +/- 4.3%; p group=0.03) during the exercise protocol in comparison with offspring of normotensive parents. We concluded that normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents exhibit impaired cardiac autonomic modulation during exercise.
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    Cardiac, ventilatory, and metabolic adjustments in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during the performance of Glittre activities of daily living test
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2014-11-01) Tufanin, Andrea [UNIFESP]; Souza, Gerson Fonseca [UNIFESP]; Tisi, Guilherme Rocha [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Oliver A. [UNIFESP]; Jardim, Jose R. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Functional status and quality of life are measures of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient's health status and can demonstrate the impact of the disease on the patient's ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). the Glittre-ADL test was developed to evaluate the functional status of COPD patients and their ability to perform activities of daily life. the objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic adjustments and reproducibility of the Glittre ADL test performed by COPD patients. Twenty-two mild to severe COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1): 56.6 19.9% predicted; mean age: 66.3 9.18 years old) were enrolled in this study. Metabolic (oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), pulmonary ventilation (VE)/VCO2, and VE/VO2), ventilatory (tidal volume, respiratory rate, and VE), and cardiovascular (pulse oxygen saturation, VO2/heart rate (HR), and HR) variables, lower limbs fatigue, and dyspnea (Borg score) after each lap of two Glittre ADL test were analyzed. All metabolic, ventilatory, and cardiac variables increased their values up to the third lap and remained stable (plateau) until the end of the test (five laps; multivariate analysis); there was no difference among the time spent to complete each of the five laps in each test and between tests (total time of second test: 4 minutes and 3 seconds); the second test was 17.8 seconds (6.6%) shorter than the first one (NS). All variables were highly reproducible in the two tests (NS). At the end of the test, patients reached 87.7% of the VO2 max, 81% of VE peak, and 88.5% of the HR peak obtained from an incremental maximal test on a treadmill. the Glittre ADL test is easy for COPD patients to perform and is a highly reproducible test in COPD patients with mild to severe stages of the disease. in addition, our results suggest that it is possible to demonstrate the patient's functional capacity with a single test of only three laps, making it faster and easier to apply and less stressful for some patients.
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    Catecholamine response to exercise in individuals with different levels of paraplegia
    (Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2000-08-01) Steinberg, Lia Likier [UNIFESP]; Lauro, Flávio Antônio Ascânio [UNIFESP]; Sposito, Maria de Matilde de Mello [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Maria da Graca [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Silva, Antonio Carlos da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the level of injury on the serum level of norepinephrine (Nor) and epinephrine (Epi) at rest and after maximal exercise in individuals with paraplegia. Twenty-six male spinal cord-injured subjects with complete paraplegia for at least 9 months were divided into two groups of 13 subjects each according to the level of injury, i.e., T1-T6 and T7-T12. Serum Nor and Epi concentrations were measured by HPLC-ECD, at rest (PRE) and immediately after a maximal ergospirometric test (POST). Statistical analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric tests. Maximal heart rate, peak oxygen uptake, and PRE and POST Nor were lower in the T1-T6 than in the T7-T12 group (166 ± 28 vs 188 ± 10 bpm; 18.0 ± 6.0 vs 25.8 ± 4.1 ml kg-1 min-1; 0.54 ± 0.26 vs 0.99 ± 0.47 nM; 1.48 ± 1.65 vs 3.07 ± 1.44 nM). Both groups presented a significant increase in Nor level after exercise, while only the T7-T12 group showed a significant increase in Epi after exercise (T1-T6: 0.98 ± 0.72 vs 1.11 ± 1.19 nM; T7-T12: 1.24 ± 1.02 vs 1.89 ± 1.57 nM). These data show that individuals with paraplegia above T6 have an attentuated catecholamine release at rest and response to exercise as compared to subjects with injuries below T6, which might prevent a better exercise performance in the former group.
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    Clinical reliability of the 6 minute corridor walk test performed within a week of a myocardial infarction
    (International Heart Journal Association, 2006-07-01) Miranda Silva Nogueira, Patricia Angelica de [UNIFESP]; Monteiro Leal, Ana Cristina [UNIFESP]; Pulz, Cristiane [UNIFESP]; Bezerra Nogueira, Ivan Daniel [UNIFESP]; Oliveira Filho, Japy Angelini [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The 6 minute walk test (6 MWT) has been shown to provide a clinically useful index of functional capacity in chronic heart failure. We hypothesized that similar results would be found in patients who had a recent (ie, within a week) myocardial infarction (MI). Twenty-five patients (23 males, aged 43 to 72 years) who had undertaken an exercise stress test without complications underwent 3 consecutive 6 MWTs (1 hour apart). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the level of perceived exertion (Borg scale), and the walking distance were determined. in addition, chest pain was assessed by a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale (NRS) and the ECG was continuously monitored. All subjects were able to successfully complete the exercise tests without major cardiovascular complications: mild chest pain (NRS, 1 to 3) was found in 3 patients. A Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the mean bias +/- 95% confidence interval of the differences on distance walked between test 2 - test I were substantially higher than test 3 - test 2 differences (18 +/- 66 m and 6 +/- 41 m, respectively). the intraclass correlation coefficients were consistently high for all physiological and sensorial responses at the end of the 6 MWTs (range, 0.75 to 0.95). the 6 MWT is a safe and reproducible measurement of functional capacity in stable patients after a noncomplicated MI, even when performed within a week of the event. Therefore, this test might be useful for the evaluation of exercise tolerance in phases I and II of inpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation programs or to assess functional responses to selected interventions.
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    A creatina como suplemento ergogênico para atletas
    (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, 2002-01-01) Peralta, José [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Several researches on creatine have been done due to its potential effects on the physical performance of athletes involved in high intensity, short duration and intermittent exercises with short periods of recovery. Phosphorylated creatine is an energy reserve in the muscle cells. During an intense exercise, its breakdown liberates energy used to regenerate adenosine triphosphate. Approximately 95% of the creatine pool is found in the skeletal muscle, and the regenerating process after exercise is oxygen dependent. Studies show that supplementation with this compound may procedure an increase of 10% to 20% in the organic pool, and this percentage is higher in vegetarian athletes (up to 60%). There is still controversy regarding the benefits and risks of supplementation with this substance. This paper reviews some aspects related to the creatine metabolism and its use as an ergogenic substance in sports practice.
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    Criterion-related validity of perceived exertion scales in healthy children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Soc Argentina Pediatria, 2016) Rodriguez, Ivan [UNIFESP]; Zambrano, Lysien [UNIFESP]; Manterola, Carlos
    Introduction. Physiological parameters used to measure exercise intensity are oxygen uptake and heart rate. However, perceived exertion (PE) is a scale that has also been frequently applied. The objective of this study is to establish the criterion-related validity of PE scales in children during an incremental exercise test. Methods. Seven electronic databases were used. Studies aimed at assessing criterion-related validity of PE scales in healthy children during an incremental exercise test were included. Correlation coefficients were transformed into z-values and assessed in a meta-analysis by means of a fixed effects model if I-2 was below 50% or a random effects model, if it was above 50%. Results. Twenty-five articles that studied 1418 children (boys: 49.2%) met the inclusion criteria. Children's average age was 10.5 years old. Exercise modalities included bike, running and stepping exercises. The weighted correlation coefficient was 0.835 (95% confidence interval: 0.762-0.887) and 0.874 (95% confidence interval: 0.794-0.924) for heart rate and oxygen uptake as reference criteria. The production paradigm and scales that had not been adapted to children showed the lowest measurement performance (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Measuring PE could be valid in healthy children during an incremental exercise test. Child-specific rating scales showed a better performance than those that had not been adapted to this population. Further studies with better methodological quality should be conducted in order to confirm these results.
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    Desenvolvimento de hiperinsuflação pulmonar dinâmica após uma sessão de exercício com cicloergômetro de braço em pacientes com dpoc leve
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-11-27) Ivanaga, Ivan Teruaki [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Oliver Augusto Nascimento [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic disease that causes airflow limitation and muscle impairment. The most common functional activities in daily living involve the shoulder girdle and some of the muscles may have postural and respiratory functions. Consequently, they cause limitations in the activities of daily living due to dyspnea and dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation (DPH) in patients with COPD. However, to our knowledge there is no study that evaluate the DPH in mild COPD patients during upper limbs exercise. Objective: To evaluate the presence and behavior of DPH during incremental upper limb test and during three endurances tests with different loads in patients with mild COPD. Materials and Method: 21 patients mild COPD (FEV1: 91.7 ± 10.3% predicted) and 20 controls, matched to age, sex, weight, height and BMI were evaluated. Were performed incremental test and three endurance tests, randomly, with loads 50%, 65% and 80% of the maximum workload in the incremental arm ergometer test. In all tests we evaluated ventilatory, metabolic and cardiovascular parameters and inspiratory capacity (IC) before and after exercise. Results: COPD patients presented DPH after incremental test with decrease in IC of – 0.171 ± 0.164 L. In the endurance tests with 50% load the patients did not presented DPH (IC: - 0.065 ± 0.257 L). However, the reduction in IC increased in endurance test with loads of 65% and 80% in the COPD group (IC: - 0.152 ± 0.134 L and - 0.139 ± 0.163 L, respectively) and it was statistically different when compared to the control group. The work loads and exercise time showed no difference compared COPD and controls. Conclusions: Patients with mild COPD have DPH after an incremental test of arm cycle ergometer. With increased effort in arm exercise test there is an increase of DPH and from the exercise with 65% load presents difference between the control group and mild COPD, compared in loads of 50%, 65% and 80% of maximum incremental.
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    Different urinary albumin responses to submaximal exercise by normoalbuminuric diabetic children and controls
    (Assoc Bras Divulg Cientifica, 1996-12-01) Cesarini, Paulo Roberto [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Vivolo, Marco Antonio [UNIFESP]; Zanella, Maria Teresa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    It is not clear if exercise could be useful to identify diabetic patients at risk for the development of nephropathy. We evaluated the responses of blood pressure (BP) and urinary albumin (Alb) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) excretion to standardized sub-maximal exercise in 17 normoalbuminuric normotensive children with IDDM and 17 matched normal subjects. RBP was used as an index of tubular function. Standardization of exercise load was based on heart rate (HR) which was maintained at 70% of the maximum calculated to age. A step exercise test lasted for 35 min; baseline BP and HR were taken at midtime and during cooling down. Pre- and postexercise urines were obtained for Alb, RBP and creatinine determinations. Both groups showed a significantly increased systolic BP at the midpoint but the percent variations were not different. HR responses did not differ and demonstrated the exercise effectiveness, Great variability in Alb excretion was observed within the normal range for both groups. The baseline Alb/creatinine ratio was not significantly different between normal and diabetic subjects, but became different following exercise (6.6 +/- 4.1 vs 17.7 +/- 18.7 mg/g, P<0.05). While this ratio decreased in the control group (14.8 +/- 11.1 to 6.6 +/- 4.1 mg/g, P<0.02), it increased (9.0 +/- 7.1 to 17.7 +/- 18.7 mg/g, P = 0.05) in diabetic patients. Percent variations in the two groups occurred in opposite directions and were significantly different. RBP/creatinine followed the same pattern within each group; normals showed a tendency to a decrease (0.058 +/- 0.064 to 0.030 +/- 0.039 mu g/g, P = 0.05) and diabetic patients to an increase (0.116 +/- 0.125 to 0.247 +/- 0.247 mu g/g, P = 0.06). We conclude that there was a variable proteinuric response to exercise among diabetic subjects with normal renal function as evaluated by albumin excretion. A subset of IDDM patients responded abnormally to the exercise stress, increasing albumin excretion to levels compatible with microalbuminuria. Whether this heterogeneity reflects individual risk for diabetic renal disease requires further investigation.
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    Differential effects of exercise on brain opioid receptor binding and activation in rats
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-01-01) Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Silva, Sergio Gomes da [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Alexandre Aparecido de [UNIFESP]; Cavlheiro, Esper Abrao [UNIFESP]; Zavala-Tecuapetla, Cecilia; Brand, Serge; Rocha, Luisa; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Hosp Israelita Albert Einstein; Ctr Res & Adv Studies; Univ Basel
    Physical exercise stimulates the release of endogenous opioid peptides supposed to be responsible for changes in mood, anxiety, and performance. Exercise alters sensitivity to these effects that modify the efficacy at the opioid receptor. Although there is evidence that relates exercise to neuropeptide expression in the brain, the effects of exercise on opioid receptor binding and signal transduction mechanisms downstream of these receptors have not been explored. Here, we characterized the binding and G protein activation of mu opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor or delta opioid receptor in several brain regions following acute (7 days) and chronic (30 days) exercise. As regards short-(acute) or longterm effects (chronic) of exercise, overall, higher opioid receptor binding was observed in acute-exercise animals and the opposite was found in the chronic-exercise animals. the binding of [S-35]GTP gamma S under basal conditions (absence of agonists) was elevated in sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus, an effect more evident after chronic exercise. Divergence of findings was observed for mu opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor, and delta opioid receptor receptor activation in our study. Our results support existing evidence of opioid receptor binding and G protein activation occurring differentially in brain regions in response to diverse exercise stimuli.
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    Early exercise promotes positive hippocampal plasticity and improves spatial memory in the adult life of rats
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-02-01) Silva, Sergio Gomes da [UNIFESP]; Unsain, Nicolas; Hugo Masco, Daniel; Toscano-Silva, Michelle [UNIFESP]; Amorim, Henrique Alves de [UNIFESP]; Silva Araujo, Bruno Henrique [UNIFESP]; Rodrigues Simoes, Priscila Santos [UNIFESP]; Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Maria da Graca [UNIFESP]; Mortara, Renato Arruda [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrao [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Nacl Cordoba
    There is a great deal of evidence showing the capacity of physical exercise to enhance cognitive function, reduce anxiety and depression, and protect the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. Although the effects of exercise are well documented in the mature brain, the influence of exercise in the developing brain has been poorly explored. Therefore, we investigated the morphological and functional hippocampal changes in adult rats submitted to daily treadmill exercise during the adolescent period. Male Wistar rats aged 21 postnatal days old (P21) were divided into two groups: exercise and control. Animals in the exercise group were submitted to daily exercise on the treadmill between P21 and P60. Running time and speed gradually increased over this period, reaching a maximum of 18 m/min for 60 min. After the aerobic exercise program (P60), histological and behavioral (water maze) analyses were performed. the results show that early-life exercise increased mossy fibers density and hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B, improved spatial learning and memory, and enhanced capacity to evoke spatial memories in later stages (when measured at P96). It is important to point out that while physical exercise induces hippocampal plasticity, degenerative effects could appear in undue conditions of physical or psychological stress. in this regard, we also showed that the exercise protocol used here did not induce inflammatory response and degenerating neurons in the hippocampal formation of developing rats. Our findings demonstrate that physical exercise during postnatal development results in positive changes for the hippocampal formation, both in structure and function. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.