Navegando por Palavras-chave "ethnicity"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosEffect of race/ethnicity on clinical presentation and risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in patients with complete and partial molar pregnancy at a tertiary care referral center(Mosby-Elsevier, 2016) Gockley, Allison A.; Joseph, Naima T.; Melamed, Alexander; Sun, Sue Yazaki [UNIFESP]; Goodwin, Benjamin; Bernstein, Marilyn; Goldstein, Donald P.; Berkowitz, Ross S.; Horowitz, Neil S.BACKGROUND: The reported incidence of molar pregnancy varies widely among different geographic locations. This variation has been attributed, at least in part, to racial/ethnic differences. While the incidence of molar pregnancies is decreasing, certain ethnic groups such as Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians continue to have an increased risk of developing gestational trophoblastic disease across the globe. OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the potential effect of ethnicity/race on the presentation and clinical course of complete mole and partial mole. STUDY DESIGN: All patients followed up for complete mole and partial mole at a single institution referral center from 1994 through 2013 were identified. Variables including age, race, gravidity, parity, gestational age, presenting signs/symptoms, serum human chorionic gonadotropin values, and development of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia were extracted from medical records and patient surveys. Patients with complete mole and partial mole were categorized into race/ethnicity groups defined as white, black, Asian, or Hispanic. Due to low numbers of non-white patients with partial mole in each non-white category, patients with partial mole were grouped as white or non-white. Continuous variables were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and binary variables were compared using the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: A total of 167 complete mole patients with known race/ethnicity status were included (57.48% white, 14.97% Asian, 14.37% black, 13.17% Hispanic). Hispanics presented at younger age (median 24.5 years) compared to whites (median 32.0 years, P = .04) and Asians median 31.0 years, P = .03). Blacks had higher gravidity than whites (P < .001) and Hispanics (P = .05). There was no significant difference in presenting symptoms, gestational age at diagnosis, and preevacuation serum human chorionic gonadotropin level by race/ethnicity. Hispanics were significantly less likely than whites to develop gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (absolute risk difference, 28.6%
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEthnic differences in serum pepsinogen levels among Japanese and non-Japanese Brazilian gastric cancer patients and controls(Jones And Bartlett Publishers, 2000-01-01) Fahey, M. T.; Hamada, G. S.; Nishimoto, I. N.; Kowalski, Luiz Paulo [UNIFESP]; Iriya, K.; Gama-Rodrigues, J. J.; Tsugane, S.; Natl Canc Ctr; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); AC Camargo Hosp; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)A low level of serum pepsinogen I (Pg I) is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC); low levels of Pg I and the pepsinogen ratio (Pg I:Pg II) are correlated with chronic atrophic gastritis. We report serum Pg levels and compare the degree of association with GC among Japanese and non-Japanese Brazilians. Sera were cross-sectionally ascertained from 93 Japanese Brazilian patients category matched by age and sex with 110 controls, and 228 non-Japanese Brazilian patients individually matched by age and sex with one control. Among non-Japanese Brazilians, GC was associated with a Pg I level <30 ng/ml (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.8) and a Pg I:Pg II ratio <3.0 (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.2-5.3). However, among Japanese Brazilians, the association was present with a level of Pg I <30 ng/ml (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.9-6.3), and was weak with a Pg I:PZ: II ratio <3.0 (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.73-2.4). Serum Pg I may be preferred to the Pg I:Pg II ratio to study the association between Pg and GC among Japanese Brazilians.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEthnic variation and variability of fetal nasal bone length at 11-15 weeks of gestation in a Brazilian population: preliminary results(Springer, 2008-11-01) Cossi, Paulo Sergio [UNIFESP]; Bussamra, L. C. S. [UNIFESP]; Araujo, Edward [UNIFESP]; Machado Nardozza, Luciano Marcondes [UNIFESP]; Moron, Antonio Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective To evaluate the maternal ethnic influence and the intra and interobserver reproducibility of the nasal bone length measurement at 11-15 weeks of gestation in a Brazilian population.Methods A cross-sectional study with 171 normal pregnant women at 11-15 weeks was performed. Nasal bone was transabdominally measured in all cases. the patients were separated into three racial groups (White, Black and Asian) according to maternal ethnicity. the intraobserver variability was calculated through the repeated measurement of 55 fetuses by a single observer, and the interobserver variability was calculated through 44 measurements by two observers. the ANOVA test was used to compare the three racial groups. To calculate the variability, the intraobserver correlation coefficient (intra-CC), the interclass correlation coefficient (inter-CC) with 95% confidence interval, and the Bland-Altman plots were used.Results No statistically significant difference could be observed among the three races as for nasal bone length measurement (P = 0.934). the intraobserver variability was considered very good [intra-CC 0.92-IC 95% (0.902; 0.947)], as well as the interobserver variability [inter-CC 0.91-IC 95% (0.873; 0.940)].Conclusions There is no significant difference in nasal bone length measurement among the three races analyzed. Nasal bone length measurement is reproducible.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosThe G619A Aa-nat gene polymorphism does not contribute to sleep time variation in the brazilian population(Springer, 2007-07-01) Silva Pereira, Danyella; Pedrazzoli, Mario; Del Vechio Koike, Bruna; Mazzili Louzada, Fernando; Benedito-Silva, Ana Amelia; Remesar Lopez, Alberto; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed ParanaGenes involved in melatonin synthesis, such as Aa-nat, may be important for our understanding of diurnal preference and circadian rhythm disturbances in humans. in Japan, Hohjoh et al. reported increased allelic frequencies of the 619A allele of the G619A Aa-nat gene polymorphism in a sample of Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (DSPS) patients. the present study sought to analyze G619A polymorphism frequency in a Brazilian sample, including DSPS patients. We found almost no allelic variation for G619A polymorphism in our sample, except for two heterozygous samples out of 551. Our results leave open the question of whether there would be an association if there were some genetic variation in our population. It is important to analyze different ethnic groups in order to validate the effect of G619A polymorphism on sleep timing.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosInfluence of genetic ancestry on the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2010-10-01) Guindalini, Camila [UNIFESP]; Colugnati, Fernando Antonio Basile [UNIFESP]; Pellegrino, R. [UNIFESP]; Santos-Silva, Rogerio [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Lia Rita Azeredo [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Inst Pesquisas Tecnol & InovacaoThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of ethnicity on the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) using genomic analysis methods to estimate ancestry.DNA samples were obtained from 1,010 individuals participating in the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study, who underwent full-night polysomnography. A total of 31 genetic ancestry-informative markers were selected in order to estimate individual admixture proportions.Of patients with a diagnosis of OSAS, a higher number self-reporting Caucasian ethnicity (65.3%), as well as an increased percentage of European ancestry (78.2 +/- 16.7%) and lower percentage of West African ancestry (16.1 +/- 15.3%), than among individuals without OSAS (53.6, 73.5 +/- 18.1 and 20.1 +/- 16.8%, respectively) (p < 0.001) was observed. Moreover, after correcting for sex, age, body mass index and socioeconomic status, logistic regression demonstrated that European ancestry was significantly associated with an increased risk of manifesting OSAS (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.11-7.09). Conversely, West African ancestry was associated with a reduced risk of the OSAS phenotype (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.09-0.72).This is the first study to incorporate genomic analysis methods to measure the influence of ethnicity on the risk of OSAS. Since genetically determined ancestry may not capture unmeasured cultural and lifestyle differences, the contribution of environmental factors to the current findings should not be disregarded.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosOrganization of a high-volume kidney transplant program - the Assembly line approach(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006-06-15) Medina-Pestana, Jose Osmar; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This report describes the organization of a high-volume Brazilian kidney transplant program. With use of an assembly line approach, 2,461 kidney transplantations were performed between 1999 and 2004, fulfilling government expectations without compromising the care of the patients. the annual number of kidney transplants increased from 428 to 656 per year. in our Organ Procurement Organization (with 7 million inhabitants), brain death notifications increased from 196 to 461, but less than 25% became actual donors. There are 3,200 patients on the waiting list and recipient selection is based of human leukocyte antigen matching (25 new listings per week). More than 700 first appointments for living donation occur every year. A significant number of recipients are of black race and have been receiving dialysis for long periods of time. the majority of patients are followed locally (100-120 appointments per day). Transplant outcomes among living-donor recipients are comparable to those of large registries, but inferior outcomes have been observed among recipients of deceased-donor organs. However, consistent improvement has been seen in more recent years. the present report also discusses issues related to local regulations and solutions to improve efficiency and outcomes.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosRenal risk and renoprotection among ethnic groups with type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A post hoc analysis of RENAAL(Nature Publishing Group, 2006-05-01) Zeeuw, D. de; Ramjit, D.; Zhang, Z.; Ribeiro, Artur Beltrame [UNIFESP]; Kurokawa, K.; Lash, J. P.; Chan, J.; Remuzzi, G.; Brenner, B. M.; Shahinfar, S.; Univ Groningen; Merck & Co Inc; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tokai Univ; Univ Illinois; Chinese Univ Hong Kong; Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res; Brigham & Womens Hosp; Harvard UnivType 2 diabetes is becoming the leading cause of end-stage renal disease ( ESRD) worldwide. Prevalence of ESRD and the antihypertensive response to renin-angiotensin system intervention are suggested to vary among different ethnicities. the Reduction in Endpoints in Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) study, which included different ethnic groups, demonstrated a renoprotective effect of losartan. A post hoc analysis from RENAAL was performed where we examined in each ethnic group the ESRD risk, identified independent predictors for ESRD, effect of degree of baseline albuminuria, effect of 6-month antiproteinuric response to therapy on ESRD, and renoprotective effect of losartan assessed by albuminuria reduction and ESRD. Baseline albuminuria was the strongest predictor for ESRD in every ethnic group. Albuminuria reduction was associated with reduced risk of ESRD while losartan reduced albuminuria in every ethnic group. When accounting for independent predictors of ESRD, losartan exhibited renoprotection in all ethnic groups. in this type 2 diabetic population with nephropathy, baseline albuminuria is the predominant risk parameter for ESRD; early antiproteinuric effect of losartan predicts long- term renoprotection; and losartan appears to be renoprotective in all ethnic groups. Since the RENAAL study was not powered to determine ethnic responses, these results underline the need for prospective trials where the aim is renal protection among different ethnic groups.