Navegando por Palavras-chave "endocannabinoid system"

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    Cannabidiol, among Other Cannabinoid Drugs, Modulates Prepulse Inhibition of Startle in the SHR Animal Model: Implications for Schizophrenia Pharmacotherapy
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2016) Peres, Fernanda F. [UNIFESP]; Levin, Raquel [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Valeria [UNIFESP]; Zuardi, Antonio W.; Hallak, Jaime E.; Crippa, Jose A.; Abilio, Vanessa C. [UNIFESP]
    Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that involves positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Prepulse inhibition of startle reflex (PPI) is a paradigm that assesses the sensorimotor gating functioning and is impaired in schizophrenia patients as well as in animal models of this disorder. Recent data point to the participation of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Here, we focus on the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the PPI deficit of animal models of schizophrenia, with greater focus on the SHR (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) strain, and on the future prospects resulting from these findings.
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    Efeitos comportamentais e moleculares de fitocanabinoides em camundongos submetidos ao modelo da sensibilização locomotora induzida pelo etanol
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-10-30) Filev, Renato [UNIFESP]; Mello, Luiz Eugenio Araujo de Moraes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Drug dependence, including alcoholism, is a neuroadaptative process induced by mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway sensitization. Several neurochemical mechanisms increase the incentive salience of motivational agents, in our case, ethanol. This sensitization seems to play an important role on craving development, and when associated to cues or stress, could induce relapse. Experimental studies suggest that endocannabinoid system is involved on ethanol pharmacological effects and in the modulation of motivational circuit. Recently, we have found that rodents submitted to locomotor sensitization and then to 5 days of drug withdrawal show increased type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) expression on prefrontal cortex and striatum. Furthermore, case reports and observational studies suggest Cannabis use to mitigate the problematic use of ethanol. Therefore,here we aimed to verify whether phytocannabinoids (CBD and THC) influence the maintenance of locomotor sensitization induced by ethanol. Additionally, we investigated CB1 receptor and c-Fos expression. CBD (2.5; 5.0; 10 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the maintenance of locomotor sensitization. On the other hand, there was a significant inhibitory effect of THC (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in this behavioral response, when administered alone or in conjunction with CBD (in a 1:1 proportion). THC did not change consistently c-Fos expression, but prevented CB1 receptor upregulation in the ventral striatum. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no correlation between behavioral and molecular results. The behavioral results point to potential therapeutic effects of THC in alcoholism. THC/CBD association showed to be effective on the proposed model. Thus, as already recognized for the treatment of other human conditions, our findings bring new insights for the development of clinical trials using the association of THC/CBD in alcohol-related problems.
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    Neurobiologia da Cannabis: do sistema endocanabinoide aos transtornos por uso de Cannabis
    (Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2011-01-01) Costa, José Luis G. Pinho [UNIFESP]; Maia, Lucas O. [UNIFESP]; Orlandi-mattos, P. [UNIFESP]; Villares, João C. [UNIFESP]; Esteves, Manuel A. Fernandez; Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: Given the challenges arising from the poor effectiveness of therapies for Cannabis-related disorders, the most commonly used illicit drug in the world, this paper aims to review the present knowledge about the neuroanatomic, biomolecular and cellular substrate of the endocannabinoid system, describing the mechanisms of cannabinoid-dependent neuronal plasticity and relating them with the neurobiology of Cannabis-related disorders (abuse and dependence). METHODS: Medline, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge were searched for the keywords Cannabis, neurobiology, endocannabinoid system, endocannabinoids, receptors, cannabinoid, neuronal plasticity, long-term synaptic depression, long-term potentiation, marijuana abuse and tetrahydrocannabinol. Eighty studies were included in this review. DISCUSSION: The neuroanatomical, cellular and biomolecular characterization of the endocannabinoid system serves perfectly its neuromodulatory neuroplastic and metaplastic functions, particularly in pathways related to substance-related disorders. Exogenous cannabinoids disrupt these functions. CONCLUSION: The endocannabinoid system contributes to the definition of setpoints in several neuronal pathways, including pathways critical for the development of substance-related disorders; with Cannabis use these setpoints become more permissive, facilitating Cannabis-related disorders. The advances in understanding the neurobiology of Cannabis open a window of opportunities for new therapeutic strategies in Cannabis-related disorders.