Navegando por Palavras-chave "diet"

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    Amenorréia e osteoporose em adolescentes atletas
    (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, 2002-09-01) Mantoanelli, Graziela [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The female participation in sports has been increasing over the years. Scientific studies have shown the benefits this practice brings to women's health, but, when it comes to competitive sports, problems may arise. The most common complication described by the literature is the Female Athlete Triad, which involves three processes: the eating disorder, the amenorrhea, and the osteoporosis. In the United States, the amenorrhea afflicts up to 66% of the competition athletes, and some of its possible causes of are: weight loss, excessive training, insufficient quantity of body fat, loss of specific stores of body fat, and inadequate diet. As a consequence of the amenorrhea, the sportswoman may develop precocious osteoporosis. It is not known for sure the percentage of athletes with osteopenia, but there are indications that the lack of estrogen, the inadequate diet, and the insufficient consumption of calcium are factors predisposing them to develop the disease.
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    Avaliação do consumo alimentar de pacientes com síndrome do intestino irritável em acompanhamento ambulatorial
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-12-16) Lopes, Suzana Soares [UNIFESP]; Miszputen, Sender Jankiel Miszputen [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain and/or discomfort associated with changes in the bowel movements (constipation, diarrhea). Patients may present with abdominal distension, change in stool consistency and sense of incomplete evacuation. We need to do a review of dietary habits, directing a more adequate food, with special attention to that which increases the symptoms, such as lactose, sorbitol, fructose and fats. Increasing dietary fiber content may benefit the consistency and frequency of bowel movements in constipated patients, although some do not relieve the complaint of abdominal pain. In cases of predominant diarrhea, it is recommended to reduce the consumption of carbohydrate fermentation in particular the oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols fermentable (FODMAPS). Objective: To evaluate the amount of carbohydrates, fiber and fats from the diet in individuals diagnosed with IBS. Patients and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Clinic of Intestinal Diseases in the Department of Gastroenterology, Escola Paulista de Medicina/UNIFESP. Nutrients of interest selected for this study were: fibers, carbohydrates in general and those classified as FODMAPs, calculating the quantity in grams, in addition to fat products, analyzed through the portions consumed. The research instruments used were: nutrition monitoring and record Questionnaire Semi-quantitative Food Frequency (QSFF). Results: The sample included 63 adult patients diagnosed with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in constipated formats (C) (21), diarrheal (D) (21) and mixed (M) (21), with female people predominance . Foods that worsened the symptoms of the patients were: breads, cakes, pasta, potatoes, milk and dairy products, legumes and fatty foods. 79,3% of patients preferred not to modify or delete them from their diet. The carbohydrate intake was inadequate in 35 cases (55,6%); between those who had high intake, 8 subjects were of the diarrhea group (38,1%), 3 in the mixed (14,3%) and 8 in the constipated group (38,1%). Low consumption levels of this nutrient was identified in 6 cases of diarrhea (28,6%) and 10 (47,6%) of patients in the mixed group. We observed an average intake of 23 g fiber/day in patients of all groups, lower than recommended. With the exception of sugar and sweets patients had inadequate intake of all food groups, when compared with that recommended by the Brazilian Food Guide. Data from the dietary survey showed increased consumption of oils, fats and oilseeds. Conclusion: We concluded that 55,6% patients showed carbohydrate consumption above that recommended; 69,8% of patients of both genders were in poor condition in terms of fibers, below the recommendation. A total of 52,4% of patients with diarrheal manifestation of groups D and M reported excessive consumption of carbohydrates in general, as well as those classified as FODMAPs. Increased intake (76%) of oily food correlated with symptoms (diarrhea and/or strain) of patients in 3 groups. FODMAPs were responsible for symptoms of the disease in all groups. Sugars and sweets, vegetables, dairy products, and meats and eggs were consumed below recommended by the Brazilian Food Guide all other food groups were considered unsuitable for consumption in excess.
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    Conhecimento de pediatras e nutricionistas sobre o tratamento da alergia ao leite de vaca no lactente
    (Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo, 2007-06-01) Cortez, Ana Paula B. [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Lilian Cristiane da S. [UNIFESP]; Speridião, Patrícia da Graça Leite [UNIFESP]; Mattar, Regina Helena G. M. [UNIFESP]; Fagundes Neto, Ulysses [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the knowledge of pediatricians and nutritionists regarding the exclusion diet of cow milk and derivates, with emphasis on questions related to the nutrition of children submitted to such diet. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that enrolled pediatricians (n=53) and nutritionists (n=29) from public hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil, during 2005. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires. RESULTS: The age of the professionals varied from 21 to 50 years old. Regarding professional experience, 41.2% were graduated for less than five years and 91.6% had a specialization course, masters and/or PhD degree. The vast majority of professionals (97.5%) confirmed that they regularly evaluated the diet of children that needed exclusion of cow milk. However, only 48% of the professionals conducted a more detailed evaluation of the diet, including calculations of food ingestion. Only 38.7% of the professionals compared child s food ingestion with some recommended pattern. Recommendations for daily ingestion of calcium by children up to the age of 36 months were properly mentioned by 22% of the pediatricians and 60.7% of the nutritionists (p=0.001). Inadequate cow milk substitute products were recommended by 66% of the pediatricians and by 48.3% of the nutritionists. Regarding labels of industrialized products, 81.6% of the pediatricians and 96.4% of the nutritionists advised the parents to look for all terms that could indicate the presence of cow milk protein. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatricians and nutritionists made conceptual errors in their main recommendations regarding the treatment of cow milk protein allergy.
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    Consumo alimentar e doença macrovascular em nipo-brasileiros: um estudo transversal
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, 2009-10-01) Salvo, Vera Lúcia Morais Antonio de; Cardoso, Marly Augusto; Barros Junior, Newton de [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Metodista de São Paulo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To describe the food intake of Japanese-Brazilians with and without macrovascular disease (MVD). METHODS: MVD was defined, for 1,165 Japanese-Brazilians, by scores attributed to the health historical, electrocardiogram and ankle-brachial index values. The usual dietary intake was determined using a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The MVD prevalence was of 3.2%, being similar among genders. Statistically higher frequencies of individuals with MVD were observed among those of first generation, with age > 60 years, tobacco user, with hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes. Subjects with MVD were older, with smaller hip circumference, and higher systolic blood pressure levels, triglycerides and glycemia concentration; they informed higher consumption of iron source food and smaller of grains fibers. Statistically significant difference was found to saturated fat (crude analysis: second tercile versus first tercile). CONCLUSIONS: Programs of nutritional education should be stimulated in this group with high prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases.
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    Contribution of anthocyanin-rich foods in obesity control through gut microbiota interactions
    (Wiley, 2017) Jamar, Giovana [UNIFESP]; Estadella, Debora [UNIFESP]; Pisani, Luciana Pellegrini [UNIFESP]
    Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and a number of metabolic disorders. Distal gut microbes' content (microbiota) is not yet fully understood but evidence shows that it is influenced by internal and external factors that modulate its composition and function. The evidence that gut microbiota composition can differ between healthy and obese individuals, as well as for those who maintain specific dietary habits, has led to the study of this environmental factor as a key link between the pathophysiology of obesity and gut microbiota. Data obtained about the role of anthocyanins (ACNs) in microbiota may lead to different strategies to manipulate bacterial populations and promote health. Anthocyanins have been identified as modulators of gut microbiota that contribute to obesity control and these bioactive compounds should be considered to have a prebiotic action. This review addresses the relevance of knowledge about the influence of anthocyanins-rich food consumption on microbiota, and their health-promoting potential in the pathophysiology of obesity. (c) 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):507-516, 2017
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    Development of composite outcomes for individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis on the effects of diet and lifestyle in pregnancy: a Delphi survey
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Rogozinska, E.; D'Amico, M. I.; Khan, K. S.; Cecatti, J. G.; Teede, H.; Yeo, S.; Vinter, C. A.; Rayanagoudar, G.; Barakat, R.; Perales, M.; Dodd, J. M.; Devlieger, R.; Bogaerts, A.; van Poppel, M. N. M.; Haakstad, L.; Shen, G. X.; Shub, A.; Luoto, R.; Kinnunen, T. I.; Phelan, S.; Poston, L.; Scudeller, Tânia Terezinha [UNIFESP]; El Beltagy, N.; Stafne, S. N.; Tonstad, S.; Geiker, N. R. W.; Ruifrok, A. E.; Mol, B. W.; Coomarasamy, A.; Thangaratinam, S.
    ObjectiveTo develop maternal, fetal, and neonatal composite outcomes relevant to the evaluation of diet and lifestyle interventions in pregnancy by individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis. DesignDelphi survey. SettingThe International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) collaborative network. Sample Twenty-six researchers from the i-WIP collaborative network from 11 countries. MethodsA two-generational Delphi survey involving members of the i-WIP collaborative network (26 members in 11 countries) was undertaken to prioritise the individual outcomes for their importance in clinical care. The final components of the composite outcomes were identified using pre-specified criteria. Main outcome measuresComposite outcomes considered to be important for the evaluation of the effect of diet and lifestyle in pregnancy. ResultsOf the 36 maternal outcomes, nine were prioritised and the following were included in the final composite: pre-eclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), elective or emergency caesarean section, and preterm delivery. Of the 27 fetal and neonatal outcomes, nine were further evaluated, with the final composite consisting of intrauterine death, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, and admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). ConclusionsOur work has identified the components of maternal, fetal, and neonatal composite outcomes required for the assessment of diet and lifestyle interventions in pregnancy by IPD meta-analysis. Tweetable abstractComposite outcomes in IPD meta-analysis on diet and lifestyle in pregnancy.
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    Development of composite outcomes for individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis on the effects of diet and lifestyle in pregnancy: a Delphi survey
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Rogozinska, E.; D'Amico, M. I.; Khan, K. S.; Cecatti, J. G.; Teede, H.; Yeo, S.; Vinter, C. A.; Rayanagoudar, G.; Barakat, R.; Perales, M.; Dodd, J. M.; Devlieger, R.; Bogaerts, A.; van Poppel, M. N. M.; Haakstad, L.; Shen, G. X.; Shub, A.; Luoto, R.; Kinnunen, T. I.; Phelan, S.; Poston, L.; Scudeller, Tânia Terezinha [UNIFESP]; El Beltagy, N.; Stafne, S. N.; Tonstad, S.; Geiker, N. R. W.; Ruifrok, A. E.; Mol, B. W.; Coomarasamy, A.; Thangaratinam, S.
    ObjectiveTo develop maternal, fetal, and neonatal composite outcomes relevant to the evaluation of diet and lifestyle interventions in pregnancy by individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis. DesignDelphi survey. SettingThe International Weight Management in Pregnancy (i-WIP) collaborative network. Sample Twenty-six researchers from the i-WIP collaborative network from 11 countries. MethodsA two-generational Delphi survey involving members of the i-WIP collaborative network (26 members in 11 countries) was undertaken to prioritise the individual outcomes for their importance in clinical care. The final components of the composite outcomes were identified using pre-specified criteria. Main outcome measuresComposite outcomes considered to be important for the evaluation of the effect of diet and lifestyle in pregnancy. ResultsOf the 36 maternal outcomes, nine were prioritised and the following were included in the final composite: pre-eclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), elective or emergency caesarean section, and preterm delivery. Of the 27 fetal and neonatal outcomes, nine were further evaluated, with the final composite consisting of intrauterine death, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, and admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). ConclusionsOur work has identified the components of maternal, fetal, and neonatal composite outcomes required for the assessment of diet and lifestyle interventions in pregnancy by IPD meta-analysis. Tweetable abstractComposite outcomes in IPD meta-analysis on diet and lifestyle in pregnancy.
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    Dieta e câncer: um enfoque epidemiológico
    (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, 2004-12-01) Garófolo, Adriana [UNIFESP]; Avesani, Carla Maria [UNIFESP]; Camargo, Kátia Gavranich [UNIFESP]; Barros, Maria Elisa [UNIFESP]; Silva, Sandra Regina Justino [UNIFESP]; Taddei, Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo [UNIFESP]; Sigulem, Dirce Maria [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Santo Amaro Disciplina Saúde Pública
    Recent data have shown that the prevalence of cancer in the world has significantly risen in the last century. Cancer epidemiologists believe that it is related to the industrialization and urbanization that occurred during this period. In fact, the cancer incidence and mortality observed in developed countries are higher than in non-developed countries. Moreover, some specific sites of cancer such as colon-rectum, prostate and female mama are more pronounced in developed countries, whereas others as stomach, esophagus and cervix are prevalent in non-developed countries. Different patterns of cancer are also observed among migrants when they migrate to a new country or region. Based on epidemiological data, the association between cancer and diet was analyzed, as well as the changes in some food intake patterns and how they can prevent some types of cancer in the future.
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    Enterotype May Drive the Dietary-Associated Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2017) de Moraes, Ana C. F.; Fernandes, Gabriel R.; da Silva, Isis T.; Almeida-Pititto, Bianca [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Everton P.; Pereira, Alexandre da Costa; Ferreira, Sandra R. G.
    Analyses of typical bacterial clusters in humans named enterotypes may facilitate understanding the host differences in the cardiometabolic profile. It stills unknown whether the three previously described enterotypes were present in populations living below the equator. We examined how the identification of enterotypes could be useful to explain the dietary associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in Brazilian subjects. In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 268 adults (54.2% women) reported their dietary habits and had clinical and biological samples collected. In this study, we analyzed biochemical data and metagenomics of fecal microbiota (16SrRNA sequencing, V4 region). Continuous variables were compared using ANOVA, and categorical variables using chi-square test. Vsearch clustered the operational taxonomic units, and Silva Database provided the taxonomic signatures. Spearman coefficient was used to verify the correlation between bacteria abundances within each enterotype. One hundred subjects were classified as omnivore, 102 lacto-ovo-vegetarians, and 66 strict vegetarians. We found the same structure as the three previously described enterotypes: 111 participants were assigned to Bacteroides, 55 to Prevotella, and 102 to Ruminococcaceae enterotype. The Prevotella cluster contained higher amount of strict vegetarians individuals than the other enterotypes (40.0 vs. 20.7 and 20.6, p = 0.04). Subjects in this enterotype had a similar anthropometric profile but a lower mean LDL-c concentration than the Bacteroides enterotype (96 +/- 23 vs. 109 +/- 32 mg/dL, p = 0.04). We observed significant correlations between bacterial abundances and cardiometabolic risk factors, but coefficients differed depending on the enterotype. In Prevotella enterotype, Eubacterium ventriosum (r BMI = -0.33, p = 0.03, and r HDL-c = 0.33, p = 0.04), Akkermansia (r 2h glucose = -0.35, p = 0.02), Roseburia (r BMI = -0.36, p = 0.02 and r waist = -0.36, p = 0.02), and Faecalibacterium (r insulin = -0.35, p = 0.02) abundances were associated to better cardiometabolic profile. The three enterotypes previously described are present in Brazilians, supporting that those bacterial clusters are not population-specific. Diet-independent lower LDL-c levels in subjects from Prevotella than in other enterotypes suggest that a protective bacterial cluster in the former should be driving this association. Enterotypes seem to be useful to understand the impact of daily diet exposure on cardiometabolic risk factors. Prospective studies are needed to confirm their utility for predicting phenotypes in humans.
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    Fat and fiber consumption are associated with peripheral arterial disease in a cross-sectional study of a Japanese-Brazilian population
    (Japanese Circulation Soc, 2008-01-01) Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Hirai, Amelia Toyomi [UNIFESP]; Harima, Helena Aiko [UNIFESP]; Kikuchi, Mario Yasuo [UNIFESP]; Simony, Rosana Farah [UNIFESP]; Barros, Newton de [UNIFESP]; Cardoso, Marly A.; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea; Japanese Brazilian Diab Study Grp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Background the Western diet plays a role for the epidemics of obesity and related diseases. This study examined a possible association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the dietary components of Japanese immigrants living in Brazil.Methods and Results in this cross-sectional study, 1,267 subjects (aged 30 years) with complete dietary, clinical and laboratory data were studied according to a standardized protocol. Ankle-to-brachial index was used to identify subjects with PAD. the overall prevalence of PAD was 14.6%. Subjects with PAD were older, had lower education and higher mean values of blood pressure, triglycerides, and fasting and 2-h plasma glucose levels compared with those without the disease. Among the subjects with PAD, the consumption of fiber from whole grains (3.0 vs 3.4g, p=0.001) and linoleic acids (11.0 vs 11.7g, p=0.017) were lower and intake of total (72.8 vs 69.1 a, p=0.016) and saturated fatty acids (17.4 vs 16.3g, p=0.012) were higher than those without PAD. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant association between PAD with high total fat intake, low intake of fiber from fruit and oleic acid, independently of other variables.Conclusions Despite limitations in examining the cause-effect relationship, the data support the notion that diet could be important in reducing the occurrence of PAD.
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    A fat-enriched, glucose-enriched diet markedly attenuates adiponectin mRNA levels in rat epididymal adipose tissue
    (Portland Press, 2003-10-01) Naderali, E. K.; Estadella, Debora [UNIFESP]; Rocha, M.; Pickavance, L. C.; Fatani, S.; Denis, RGP; Williams, G.; Univ Liverpool; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Complutense
    Adiponectin levels are decreased in subjects with obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease. in the present study, we have investigated whether the decrease in the levels and mRNA expression of adiponectin is due to obesity or to the diet itself. Wistar rats were either fed standard laboratory chow throughout (controls) or given a fat-enriched, glucose-enriched diet (diet-fed) for 2 days or 16 weeks. After 2 days of diet feeding, total body weight, fat pad masses and the plasma levels of glucose, insulin and leptin were all comparable between the two groups, while plasma NEFA (non-esterified fatty acid) and triacylglycerol levels were increased in the diet-fed animals (P < 0.01 for both). There was a marked (P < 0.01) decrease in plasma adiponectin levels. After 16 weeks of diet feeding, diet-fed rats had significantly higher body weight, fat pad mass and plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, NEFA and triacylglycerol (P < 0.001 for all) compared with chow-fed controls, whereas plasma levels of glucose and insulin were similar in the two groups. After 2 days of diet feeding, there were no significant changes in Ob mRNA levels in epididymal fat, whereas there was a marked decrease in adiponectin mRNA levels. After 16 weeks of diet feeding, rats had significantly increased levels of Ob mRNA, but decreased adiponectin mRNA levels, in epididymal fat compared with the chow-fed group (P < 0.001 for both). These findings suggest that obesity per se is not a factor in the decreased adiponectin levels observed in obese subjects. We propose that the lipid profile of the plasma and/or the constituents of the diet consumed by rats may contribute to adiponectin levels more than obesity per se.
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    High sodium chloride intake is associated with low bone density in calcium stone-forming patients
    (Dustri-verlag Dr Karl Feistle, 2000-08-01) Martini, Lígia Araújo [UNIFESP]; Cuppari, Lilian [UNIFESP]; Colugnati, Fernando Antonio Basile [UNIFESP]; Sigulem, Dirce Maria [UNIFESP]; Szejnfeld, Vera Lucia [UNIFESP]; Schor, Nestor [UNIFESP]; Heilberg, Ita Pfeferman [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: Although renal stone disease has been associated with reduced bone mass, the impact of nutrient intake on bone loss is unknown. Subjects and methods: The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of nutrient intake on bone density of 85 calcium stone-forming (CSF) patients (47 male and 38 premenopausal females) aged 41 +/- 11 years (X +/- SD). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine (L-2 - L-4) and femoral neck sites: and low BMD was defined as a T score < -1 (WHO criteria). A 4-day dietary record and a 24-hour urine sample were obtained from each patient for the assessment of nutrient intake and urinary calcium (Uc,), sodium (U-Na), phosphate and creatinine excretion. Results: Forty-eight patients (56%) presented normal BMD and 37 (44%) low BMD. There were no statistical differences regarding age, weight, height, body mass index, protein, calcium and phosphorus intakes between both groups. The mean Uc,, phosphorus and nitrogen appearance also did not differ between groups. However, there was a higher percentage of hypercalciuria among low vs normal BMD patients (62 vs 33%, p < 0.05). Low BMD patients presented a higher mean sodium chloride (NaCl) intake and excretion (UNa) than normal BMD (14 +/- 5 vs 12 +/- 4 g/day and 246 +/- 85 vs 204 +/- 68 mEq/day, respectively p < 0.05). The percentage of patients presenting NaCl intake greater than or equal to 16 g/day was also higher among low vs normal BMD patients (35 vs 12%, p < 0.05). After adjustment for calcium and protein intakes, age, weight, body mass index, urinary calcium, citrate and uric acid excretion, and duration of stone disease, multiple-regression analysis showed that a high NaCl intake (2 16 g/day) was the single variable that was predictive of risk of low bone density in CSF patients (odds ratio = 3.8). Conclusion: These data suggest that reducing salt intake should be recommended for CSF patients presenting hypercalciuria and osteopenia.
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    Impaired glucose tolerance plus hyperlipidaemia induced by diet promotes retina microaneurysms in New Zealand rabbits
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011-02-01) Helfenstein, Tatiana [UNIFESP]; Fonseca, Francisco A. [UNIFESP]; Ihara, Silvia S. [UNIFESP]; Bottos, Juliana M. [UNIFESP]; Moreira, Flavio T. [UNIFESP]; Pott, Henrique; Farah, Michel E. [UNIFESP]; Martins, Maria C. [UNIFESP]; Izar, Maria C. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
    P>With the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome worldwide, experimental models are required to better understand the pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches to preserve pancreatic beta cells, attenuate atherosclerosis and protect target organs. the aims of this study were to develop an experimental model of impaired glucose tolerance combined with hypercholesterolaemia induced by diet and assess metabolic alterations and target organ lesions. New Zealand male rabbits were fed high-fat/high-sucrose (10/40%) and cholesterol-enriched diet for 24 weeks, when they were sacrificed. Biochemistry, fundus photographs with fluorescein angiography and pathological analyses were performed. Cholesterol-fed and normal animals of same age were compared. Results: the animals with diet-induced impaired glucose tolerance combined with hypercholesterolaemia gained weight, increased blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglycerides and decreased HDL-C (P < 0.05 vs. baseline). Fructosamine levels and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were increased, while there was a reduction in the HOMA-beta (P < 0.05 for all vs. baseline). Histomorphologic findings of this model were aortic atherosclerosis, hepatic steatofibrosis and glomerular macrophage infiltration. Early clinical features of diabetic retinopathy with hyperfluorescent dots consistent with presence of retina microaneurysms were seen since week 12, progressing up to the end of the experiment (P < 0.0005 vs. baseline and 12 weeks). Our model reproduced several metabolic characteristics of human diabetes mellitus and promoted early signs of retinopathy. This non-expensive model is suitable for studying mechanistic pathways and allowing novel strategic approaches.
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    A importância do consumo dietético de cálcio e vitamina D no crescimento
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2008-10-01) Bueno, Aline L.; Czepielewski, Mauro A. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UFRGS Faculdade de Medicina Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Endocrinologia e Nutrição
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of dietary calcium and vitamin D in the process of growth and development of children and adolescents, focusing in particular on the prevention and treatment of delayed growth caused by nutritional deficiency. SOURCES: Information was gathered from articles published in the last 2 decades, from searches on the databases SciELO, PubMed and Medline, technical books and publications of international organizations. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: Growth is influenced by intrinsic (genetic and metabolic) and extrinsic factors (environmental factors such as diet, health, hygiene, housing and access to health services). Among the nutritional factors are vitamin and oligoelement deficiencies which may be associated with malnutrition or caused by insufficient absorption. Since calcium is one of the main mineral components of bone tissue, it is essential for adequate bone formation and, considering that vitamin D plays an important role in calcium metabolism, a diet with insufficient quantities of these nutrients can impact on the formation of the skeleton and on the process of growth and development. CONCLUSIONS: In children and adolescents, low intake or low absorption of calcium and vitamin D may limit their statural growth, and it is necessary to supply sufficient quantities of both during the critical growth phases.
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    Insatisfação corporal, prática de dietas e comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares em mães residentes em Santos
    (Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2012-01-01) Scagliusi, Fernanda Baeza [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Patrícia da Rocha [UNIFESP]; Stelmo, Isis de Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Unsain, Ramiro Fernandez; Martins, Paula Andrea [UNIFESP]; Sato, Priscila de Morais; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidad de Buenos Aires Faculdad de Filosofía y Letras
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate body dissatisfaction, dieting and risk behaviors for eating disorders among a sample of mothers living in the city of Santos. METHODS: It was conducted a cross-sectional population-based study with 453 mothers of children aged until 10 years old. The mothers answered to the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Stunkard's Figure Scale and a question about being currently dieting. RESULTS: 29.9% presented a positive score for risk behaviors for eating disorders and 21.8% were currently dieting. Regarding body image, 17.5% of the mothers were satisfied with their current body size, 71.5% would like to decrease their body sizes and 11.0% would like to increase it. The risk behaviors for eating disorders were more frequent among the body-dissatisfied mothers (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Most of the mothers were dissatisfied with their body sizes. The frequency of mothers who practiced diets or presented risk behaviors for eating disorders was similar or superior to the rest of the national studies, conducted, at large, with populations considered at risk, such as adolescent girls or young college women.
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    Lipids an Age-related Macular Degeneration
    (Elsevier B.V., 2011-05-01) Kishan, Amar U.; Modjtahedi, Bobeck S.; Martins, Elisabeth N. [UNIFESP]; Modjtahedi, Sara P.; Morse, Lawrence S.; UC Davis Eye Ctr; Harvard Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Given the considerable public health burden imposed by age-related macular degeneration (AMD), much effort has been directed towards elucidating principles of pathogenesis in order to identify risk factors and develop preventive measures and treatments. Together with epidemiological evidence linking cardiovascular risk factors with AMD risk and basic science work examining the role of lipid metabolism in AMD, numerous human studies have assayed a potential relationship between dietary lipids and the development of AMD. We examine the evidence for a role for lipid metabolism in AMD, highlighting key basic biochemical principles, work in animal models, and relevant human studies. the topics of lipoprotein modulation and omega-3 fatty acid intake receive special attention from both a basic science and clinical study standpoint. the evidence suggests that consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, perhaps in concert with antioxidants, may constitute a rational preventative strategy against AMD development, though, absent an appropriately developed double-blind, randomized control trial, insufficient data exist to recommend implementation in the clinical setting at this time. (Surv Ophthalmol 56:195-213, 2011. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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    Nutritional Characteristics of the Diets of Child and Adolescent Cancer Survivors
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2018) Teixeira, Julia Ferrari Carneiro [UNIFESP]; Maia-Lemos, Priscila dos Santos; Pisani, Luciana Pellegrini [UNIFESP]
    Purpose: Diseases associated with prior treatment, such as obesity, have been described in cancer survivors. Recent studies have shown that current estimates of overweight do not differ from that in the general population, suggesting the influence of environmental factors, such as dietary intake. In this context, there is increasing interest in the examination of health behaviors that may modify and reduce the risk of overweight and obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of dietary intake among child cancer survivors living in a developing country. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included children and adolescents up to 18 years of age. Dietary intake of the patients was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. Results: All age groups showed sufficient carbohydrate and protein consumption levels. The mean percentages of carbohydrate and protein consumption were 54% and 20.8%, respectively. Regarding lipid quality, survivors showed low consumption levels of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats. The consumption level of saturated fats was close to the upper limit. Fiber intake was below the recommended level in all patient categories, and its mean was 11.5g/day. The average daily intake of some vitamins and minerals was below the recommended intake levels for all sexes and age groups, with values below 50% of suitability. Conclusion: The imbalance of lipids quality and low consumption of micronutrients demonstrated that the diet quality is poor in child cancer survivors. This favors the development of not only obesity but also other chronic diseases, and potentially predisposes such patients to secondary cancers. Implications for Cancer Survivors: this is a relevant issue due to the increased number of childhood cancer survivors who develop obesity and chronic and metabolic complications due to inadequate food consumption. Our study may help understand, prevent, or minimize public health problems.
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    Perfil lipídico e efeitos da orientação nutricional em adolescentes com história familiar de doença arterial coronariana prematura
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC, 2006-05-01) Mendes, Gislaine Aparecida Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Martinez, Tania L. [UNIFESP]; Izar, Maria Cristina de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Novo, Neil Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Matheus, Simone Cristina Pinto [UNIFESP]; Bertolami, Marcelo C. [UNIFESP]; Fonseca, Francisco Antonio Helfenstein [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia
    OBJECTIVE: To assess lipid profile and nutritional parameters from adolescents with family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) and assess the effects of nutritional counseling. METHODS: The study included 48 adolescents of both gender and with ages ranging from 10 and 19 years old (case group, n=18; control group, n=30). RESULTS: Offspring of young individuals with coronary artery disease showed higher values of total cholesterol (189 ± 30 vs. 167 ± 26 mg/dl, p < 0.01), LDL-C (144 ± 20 vs. 100 ± 27 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and apoB (80 ± 15 vs. 61 ± 18 mg/dl, p = 0.001) and lower values of HDL-C (45 ± 9 vs. 51 ± 13 mg/dl, p < 0.02) than control young individuals. Differences were not found for triglycerides and apoA-I. With a dietotherapeutic counseling, we obtained a reduction in alimentary consumption of saturated fatty acids (pre: 15.5 ± 4.7% vs. post: 6.6 ± 3.7%, p = 0.003) and an improvement in lipid profile: TC (-8%, p = 0.033), LDL-C (-18.2%, p = 0.001), TG (-53%, p = 0.002) rates in offspring of premature CAD patients who showed hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSION: The presence of dyslipidemia was more prevalent among offspring adolescents of premature CAD patients, but it was responsive to nutritional intervention.
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    The role of tooth enamel mechanical properties in primate dietary adaptation
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-06-01) Constantino, Paul J.; Lee, James J. -W.; Gerbig, Yvonne; Hartstone-Rose, Adam; Talebi, Mauricio [UNIFESP]; Lawn, Brian R.; Lucas, Peter W.; Marshall Univ; NIST; Penn State Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); George Washington Univ; Kuwait Univ
    Primate teeth adapt to the physical properties of foods in a variety of ways including changes in occlusal morphology, enamel thickness, and overall size. We conducted a comparative study of extant primates to examine whether their teeth also adapt to foods through variation in the mechanical properties of the enamel. Nanoindentation techniques were used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across tooth sections from the enamel-dentin junction to the outer enamel surface in a broad sample of primates including apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and lemurs. the measured data profiles feature considerable overlap among species, indicating a high degree of commonality in mechanical properties. These results suggest that differences in the load-bearing capacity of primate molar teeth are more a function of morphologyparticularly tooth size and enamel thicknessthan of underlying mechanical properties. Am J Phys Anthropol 148:171177, 2012. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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    Short-term effects of soy protein diet in patients with proteinuric glomerulopathies
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia, 2011-06-01) Ahmed, Marion Souza [UNIFESP]; Baxmann, Alessandra Calábria [UNIFESP]; Mastroianni Kirsztajn, Gianna [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SBN Department of Epidemiology and Kidney Diseases Prevention
    INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that soy protein can slow renal disease progression by decreasing plasma cholesterol and proteinuria in patients with nephropathies. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of soy protein on proteinuria and dyslipidemia, in patients with proteinuric glomerulopathies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were divided into three groups: Control Group (n = 9) received diet with 0.8 g/kg/day of animal protein; Study Group 1 (n = 9), 0.8 g/kg/day of soy protein; and Group 2 (n = 9), 0.8 g/kg/day of soy protein plus fibers. The study period corresponded to eight weeks. During the baseline period and by the end of the study, patients were submitted to laboratorial and anthropometric evaluation. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between baseline and post-diet periods among the three groups in anthropometric parameters or body composition, neither in proteinuria levels (Control: 0.7 ± 0.6 versus 0.8 ± 0.6; Group 1: 2.0 ± 1.7 versus 1.9 ± 1.8; Group 2: 2.0 ± 1.4 versus 2.1 ± 2.0). However, a slight decrease in triglycerides (244.8 ± 275.9 versus 200.5 ± 34.0), total (234.0 ± 59.4 versus 181.2 ± 110.3) and LDL (136.0 ± 59.1 versus 104.1 ± 39.4) cholesterol in Group 1 was observed, although not significant. CONCLUSION: We have not observed beneficial effects when using soy protein instead of animal protein with the aim of attenuating proteinuria and hyperlipidemia, but we have shown that soy protein has not caused deleterious changes in body composition, ensuring an adequate nutritional state.