Repositório Institucional - Unifesp :: Navegando por Palavras-chave "development"

Navegando por Palavras-chave "development"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de alguns aspectos da aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem de crianças nascidas pré-termo
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2004-09-01) Pereira, Mara Rita [UNIFESP]; Funayama, Carolina Araújo Rodrigues; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The correction of the age of pre-term infants for the motor evaluation has been the accepted practice but it has not been clear in other areas. This study compared indicators of the acquisition and development of language, considering corrected and chronological ages. Twenty healthy infants born between the 28th and 36th week of gestation (median 32 weeks), weighing 800g to 2380g (median 1590g), 9 AGA and 11 SGA, were followed up to 15 months age. As a reference for normality, evaluation of Costa et al. (1992) was used, which groups predictable behavior in 5 levels. For receptive language, considering the chronological age, normal performance occurred at all levels except for Level I (0-3 months). For expressive language, considering the chronological age, 6 (12%) of the 50 evaluations showed normal performance. With their age corrected, in 16 evaluations (40%) the infants achieved the expected level, mainly at 6 and 12 months age. On the whole, for the chronological age, there was a larger number of AGA with normal performance (p<0.05). We conclude that with the use of the Costa method, it was unnecessary to correct the age for receptive language evaluation, and that, for the expressive, the high frequency of normal results at the corrected ages for 6 and 12 months, suggests that these ages constitute periods of intensification of vigilance.
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C-Fos, Jun D and HSP72 immunoreactivity, and neuronal injury following lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in immature and adult rats
(Elsevier B.V., 1998-12-10) Dube, C.; Andre, V; Covolan, Luciene [UNIFESP]; Ferrandon, A.; Marescaux, C.; Nehlig, A.; Univ Strasbourg 1; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
In order to follow the maturation-related evolution of neuronal damage, cellular activation and stress response subsequent to Li-Pilo seizures in the 10- (P10), 21-day-old (P21) and adult rat, we analyzed the expression of the c-Fos protein as a marker of cellular activation, HSP72 immunoreactivity as the stress response and silver staining for the assessment of neuronal damage in 20 selected brain regions. the early wave of c-Fos measured at 2 h after the onset of seizures was present in most structures of the animals at the three ages studied and particularly strong in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. the late wave of c-Fos measured at 24 h after the onset of seizures and that was shown to correlate to neuronal damage was absent from the P10 rat brain, and present mainly in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of P21 and adult rats. the expression of the stress response, assessed by the immunoreactivity of HSP72 at 24 h after the seizures was absent from the P10 rat brain and present in the entorhinal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus of P21 and adult rats. the expression of Jun D at 24 h after the seizures was discrete and present in most brain regions at all ages. Neuronal injury assessed by silver staining at 6 h after the onset of seizures was very discrete in the brain of the P10 rat and limited to a few neurons in the piriform and entorhinal cortices. in older animals, marked neuronal degeneration occurred in the cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, lateral septum and thalamus. Thus the immediate cell activation induced by lithium-pilocarpine seizures which is present at all ages translates only into a late wave of c-Fos and the expression of HSP72 in P21 and adult animals in which there will be extensive cell damage. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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Cell proliferation and death in the gastric epithelium of developing rats after glucocorticoid treatments
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2000-11-01) Gama, Patricia; Goldfeder, Eliane Maria [UNIFESP]; De Moraes, Julio Cesar Bertoccini; Alvares, Eliana Parisi; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Glucocorticoids take part in the intense morphofunctional modifications that occur in the gastric mucosa during fetal and postnatal development. Two studies were designed to evaluate corticoids role in gastric cell proliferation and apoptosis in developing rats: in vivo, using suckling animals; in vitro, using gastric explants obtained from 20-day fetuses. These explants were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium treated or not with 50 ng/ml of corticosterone; after 22 hr, vincristine was added to the medium for 2 hr to block mitosis. The metaphasic index decreased significantly after the 24-hr treatment (controls: 1.52 +/- 0.53; treated: 0.40 +/- 0.21) and apoptotic cells were visualized under light and electron microscopy. Fifteen-day-old rats were treated with hydrocortisone (25 mg/Kg) for 3 days, and injected with BrDU (100 mg/Kg) 1 hr before sacrifice on the 18(th) day. BrDu-labeled and non-labeled cells were counted to determine the labeling index of epithelial cells. As apoptotic cells are rapidly eliminated, other animals were treated for only 2-3 hr. Sections were investigated for the presence of apoptotic cells, using morphological criteria and TUNEL labeling. Hydrocortisone significantly reduced the labeling index (controls: 15.6 +/- 1.6 vs. treated: 11.7 +/- 1.1), besides altering the body weight gain. Hydrocortisone treatment doubled the number of apoptotic cells after 2 hr, and quadruplicated it after 3 hr. The results demonstrated that glucocorticoids inhibit cell proliferation in the gastric epithelium of fetuses and suckling rats and increase apoptotic rates, suggesting the exit from cell cycle. Anat Rec 260: 213-221, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A construção da usina hidrelétrica de Belo Monte: conflito socioambiental e impacto sobre as comunidades locais
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-09-15) Ramos, Andre Marconato [UNIFESP]; Alves, Humberto Prates da Fonseca [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This essay examines the political process of construction of the Belo Monte Dam. It uses concepts from Political Process Theory and other branches of Environmental Sociology to describe the construction as a social environmental conflict. In this sense the research expects to offer new elements to the analysis of the actual disputes among the main stakeholders involved in social environmental conflicts, regarding the most adequate developing model for the Amazon region and for the country. In other to achieve the goals mentioned above some methodological procedures were developed. Some of them should be highlighted: a) creation of a historical background and explanation of the essay?s main topics of discussion; b) case study about the construction of the Belo Monte Dam; c) field research with structured and semi structured interviews with different social actors involved in the social environmental conflict; d) analysis of the conflicts between different social actors. The essay concludes with some analyses of the actual political opportunity structure in the social environmental conflict around the construction of the Belo Monte Dam ? favourable to the government and the private investor. At the end of the text there is also a conclusion concerning the way how the federal government and the entrepreneur are using local development and sustainability discourses to strengthen the interpretative framework in favour of the construction. Finally the research presented a subject that relates to all the others: the role of science and the scientist in social environmental conflicts ? to criticize the actual Brazilian energy policy, but not forgetting to think of alternatives models that are viable in economic and social environmental terms.
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Cross-sectional study of abnormal amygdala development in adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder
(Elsevier B.V., 2004-09-15) Chen, B. K.; Sassi, R.; Axelson, D.; Hatch, J. P.; Sanches, M.; Nicoletti, M.; Brambilla, P.; Keshavan, M. S.; Ryan, N. D.; Birmaher, B.; Soares, J. C.; Univ Texas; Univ Pittsburgh; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); IRCCS; S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst
Background: in vivo imaging studies in adult bipolarpatients have suggested enlargement of the amygdala. It is not known whether this abnormality is already present early in the illness course or whether it develops later in life. We conducted a morphometric MRI study to examine the size of specific temporal lobe structures in adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder and healthy control subjects, as well as their relationship with age, to examine possible neurodevelopmental abnormalities.Methods: Subjects included 16 DSM-IV bipolarpatients (16 +/- 3 years) and 21 healthy controls (mean age SD = 17 +/- 4 years). Measures of amygdala, bippocampus, temporal gray matter, temporal lobe, and intracranial volumes (ICV) were obtained.Results: There was a trend to smaller left amygdala volumes inpatients (mean volumes +/- SD = 1.58 +/- .42 mL) versus control subjects (1.83 +/- .4 mL; F = 3.87, df = 1,32, p =.06). Bipolar patients did not show significant differences in right or left bippocampus, temporal lobe gray matter, temporal lobe, or right amygdala volumes (analysis of covariance, age, gender, and JCV as covariates, p >.05) compared with healthy control subjects. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between left amygdala volumes and age (r =.50, p =.047) in patients, whereas in healthy controls there was an inverse correlation (r = -. 48, p =.03).Conclusions: the direct correlation between left amygdala volumes and age in bipolar patients, not present in healthy control subjects, may reflect abnormal developmental mechanisms in bipolar disorder,
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Deficiência de ferro na criança
(Associação Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular, 2010-06-01) Braga, Josefina Aparecida Pellegrini [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Iron deficiency anemia afflicts an estimated two billion people and iron deficiency approximately 4 billion people in developed countries and is even more common in developing countries. In Brazil, depending on the region and age, studies point to high prevalences of iron-deficiency anemia in children. The high growth speed, which requires a greater amount of iron, connected with an inadequate iron diet and early weaning contribute to the high prevalence, mainly within the first 2 years of life. Other risk factors, such as prematurity, low birth weight, early umbilical cord clamping and weaning from exclusive breastfeeding may contribute. The impact of iron deficiency on growth is controversial as several other variables contribute to improve or worsen the nutritional status. Alterations in the psychomotor and neural-cognitive development of infants with iron deficiency have been reported in various studies with the catch-up growth rate after treatment being controversial. Additionally, some studies have demonstrated a decrease in the intellectual development and cognitive acquisition in school age children and adolescents that is reverted after iron therapy. The best preventive measure is nutritional education, however due to the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, other measures should also be used as iron supplementation and food fortification with iron.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de uma bateria de funções executivas para crianças na idade escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-01-10) Silva, Andreia Cristina Correia da [UNIFESP]; Rizzutti, Sueli [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The executive functions are among the most complex aspects of cognition and involve different components, and such complexity is also reflected in the conceptual definitions because there is not yet consensus on its definition. Currently, however, many authors agree that executive functions are an integrated system comprising distinct domains such as shifting, updating, inhibition, switching, planning. The complexity of the construct is directly reflected in the assessment of executive functions and the construction of appropriate tasks since they do not measure just one skill. Additionally, several studies show that executive functions develop over the child's growth, being well established in the literature related to academic performance. This study is part of a broader project that has as main objective to develop and propose a battery to assess different domains of executive functions, so that it can be used with many participants of different ages, from childhood to adulthood, and also by different intellectual and socioeconomic levels. The aim of this study was the development of the battery for children between 6-12 years of age. The study was developed in successive steps: a) query the literature on the evaluation paradigms of executive functions for adaptation / construction of the tasks b) Pilot studies to assess the adequacy of the battery; c) testing in a group of children with Attention Deficit Disorder and Hyperactivity. The results show that the battery has tasks that appear suitable to the purpose of evaluation, but some of them still require other changes. Future studies will determine which tasks can thus be more specific in the areas and components of executive functions. And yet, being in the public domain, does not require the use of equipment or paid programs, and can be used from the beginning of schooling to adulthood in people of different socioeconomic levels. And thus making neuropsychological assessment more accurate, sensitive and specific with respect to each executive domain, aiding in the diagnosis process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desigualdades no desenvolvimento socioeconomico no município de Cotia: análise das ações da administração municipal
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-02-09) Silva, Alcineide Pereira da [UNIFESP]; Costa, Julio Cesar Zorzenon [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
This dissertation examines the issue of socio-economic development of the municipality of Cotia, located west of the Greater São Paulo. The indicators were based on the indices of human development, social responsibility and social vulnerabilities. The areas involved are education, health and housing conditions. The municipality of Cotia is divided into three regions: Caucaia do Alto with the highest concentration of agriculture, Centro that keeps the municipal government and various districts in its surroundings and finally the Granja Viana region which is the first access to Cotia through Raposo Tavares Highway towards Capital-Interior of Sao Paulo, high-income region with its gated communities and pockets with Sao Paulo features.Therefore, we used census data from IBGE and Seade, and municipal data to compose an analysis of social vulnerability of the municipality of Cotia and the performance or omission of the municipality in relation to the development of inequalities.
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Developing skeletal muscle cells express functional muscarinic acetylcholine receptors coupled to different intracellular signaling systems
(Nature Publishing Group, 2005-10-01) Furlan, Ingrid; Godinho, Rosely Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
1 This study analyzed the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the rat cultured skeletal muscle cells and their coupling to G protein, phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase (AC).2 Our results showed the presence of a homogeneous population of [H-3]methyl-quinuclidinyl benzilate-binding sites in the membrane fraction from the rat cultured muscle (K-D = 0.4 nM, B-max = 8.9 fmol mg protein(-1)). Specific muscarinic binding sites were also detected in denervated diaphragm muscles from adult rats and in myoblasts isolated from newborn rats.3 Activation of mAChRs with carbachol induced specific [S-35]GTP gamma S binding to cultured muscle membranes and potentiated the forskolin-dependent stimulation of AC. These effects were totally inhibited by 0.1-1 mu M atropine.4 in addition, mAChRs were able to stimulate generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) in response to acetylcholine, carbachol or selective mAChR agonist oxotremorine-M.5 the carbachol-dependent increase in DAG was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by mAChR antagonists atropine, pirenzepine and 4-DAMP mustard.6 Finally, activation of these receptors was correlated with increased synthesis of acetylcholinesterase, via a PKC-dependent pathway.7 Taken together, these results indicate that expression of mAChRs, coupled to G protein and distinct intracellular signaling systems, is a characteristic of noninnervated skeletal muscle cells and may be responsible for trophic influences of acetylcholine during formation of the neuromuscular synapse.
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Early exercise promotes positive hippocampal plasticity and improves spatial memory in the adult life of rats
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-02-01) Silva, Sergio Gomes da [UNIFESP]; Unsain, Nicolas; Hugo Masco, Daniel; Toscano-Silva, Michelle [UNIFESP]; Amorim, Henrique Alves de [UNIFESP]; Silva Araujo, Bruno Henrique [UNIFESP]; Rodrigues Simoes, Priscila Santos [UNIFESP]; Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Maria da Graca [UNIFESP]; Mortara, Renato Arruda [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrao [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Nacl Cordoba
There is a great deal of evidence showing the capacity of physical exercise to enhance cognitive function, reduce anxiety and depression, and protect the brain against neurodegenerative disorders. Although the effects of exercise are well documented in the mature brain, the influence of exercise in the developing brain has been poorly explored. Therefore, we investigated the morphological and functional hippocampal changes in adult rats submitted to daily treadmill exercise during the adolescent period. Male Wistar rats aged 21 postnatal days old (P21) were divided into two groups: exercise and control. Animals in the exercise group were submitted to daily exercise on the treadmill between P21 and P60. Running time and speed gradually increased over this period, reaching a maximum of 18 m/min for 60 min. After the aerobic exercise program (P60), histological and behavioral (water maze) analyses were performed. the results show that early-life exercise increased mossy fibers density and hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B, improved spatial learning and memory, and enhanced capacity to evoke spatial memories in later stages (when measured at P96). It is important to point out that while physical exercise induces hippocampal plasticity, degenerative effects could appear in undue conditions of physical or psychological stress. in this regard, we also showed that the exercise protocol used here did not induce inflammatory response and degenerating neurons in the hippocampal formation of developing rats. Our findings demonstrate that physical exercise during postnatal development results in positive changes for the hippocampal formation, both in structure and function. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Expression of 9-O-acetylated gangliosides in the rat hippocampus
(Elsevier B.V., 1996-07-26) Mello, LEAM; MendezOtero, R.; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
We have used a monoclonal antibody (Jones mAb) to study the expression of gangliosides associated to neuronal migration in the hippocampus of normal and chronic adult epileptic rats. As in other brain regions, the pattern of expression of this ganglioside in the developing rat hippocampus correlates with the migration of cells and processes. in the adult animal, the ganglioside is not expressed, although neuronal migration and process outgrowth have been described in the dentate gyrus of adult animals. Similar negative results were found in adult animals with pilocarpine induced epilepsy in which abnormal neuronal migration has also been suggested and synaptic reorganization of the dentate messy fibers has been demonstrated. the current results do not help to explain the molecular basis over which epilepsy, in both human and animal models, leads to messy fiber sprouting and granule cell dispersion.
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Gap junctions between mast cells and fibroblasts in the developing avian eye
(Karger, 1995-01-01) Oliani, Sonia Maria [UNIFESP]; Girol, Ana Paula [UNIFESP]; Smith, Ricardo Luiz [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Mast cells are present in the eye of chick embryos from the 14th day onward, displaying metachromatic granules, mainly in the iris anterior surface and pectinate ligament, Ultrastructurally these cells show electron-dense granules and a few thin and short cytoplasmic projections in close contact with fibroblasts. Sometimes these contacts are extensive, with long fibroblast projections partially involving the mast cells. Gap junctions between mast cells and fibroblasts are observed only in the eyes of 16- and 20-day-old embryos. These intercellular specializations are represented by a close apposition of cytoplasmic membranes with an extension up to 300 nm. Gap junctions between mast cells and fibroblasts were not observed previously in vivo or in vitro, although in vitro studies have shown that a number of functionally critical interactions may occur between these cells. Our morphological findings suggest that, in vivo, fibroblasts interact with mast cells and may influence their maturation.
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Hepatoblastomas and liver development: A study of cytokeratin immunoexpression in twenty-nine hepatoblastomas
(Alliance Communications Group Division Allen Press, 2006-05-01) Cajaiba, Mariana Morais; Neves, Jose Ivanildo; Casarotti, Fabiana Facco; De Camargo, Beatriz; Chapchap, Paulo; Sredni, Simone Treiger; Soares, Fernando Augusto; Hosp Canc AC Camargo São Paulo Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Hepatoblastomas (HBs) recapitulate liver development. It is possible that HBs result from malignant transformation of hepatic precursor cells, and they may reflect a blockage in normal development. Here we study the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) in order to delineate the immunoprofile and relationship with liver development, as well as vimentin and alphafetoprotein (AFP), of HBs. Immunohistochemistry was performed in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing representative areas of 18 HBs (fetal and/or embryonal and/or mesenchymal); we also reviewed I I cases not included in the TMA. No cases stained for CKs 1, 5/6, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, and 34 beta E12. CK8 stained 73.07% of fetal, 50% of embryonal, and 18% of mesenchymal areas. CK18 stained 100% of epithelial areas. CK19 staining was intense and diffuse in 100% of embryonal samples, but it was weaker in fetal areas (66.66%). AE1 stained epithelial areas in all cases, and it stained 29.41% of mesenchymal areas. AE3 stained 84.61% of embryonal and 60% of fetal components. AE1/AE3 showed stronger staining in embryonal (100%) than in fetal areas (76.92%). Vimentin staining was strong in embryonal (66.66%) and mesenchymal (84.61%) components but weak in fetal areas (8%). Alphafetoprotein was positive in only 20% of fetal and 70% of embryonal areas. Our results support the hypothesis that immunoexpression of HBs follows the stages of normal liver development. Embryonal areas look less differentiated, expressing vimentin and biliary epithelium CKs, whereas fetal areas display a
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High risk cohort study for psychiatric disorders in childhood: rationale, design, methods and preliminary results
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-03-01) Salum, Giovanni Abrahão; Gadelha, Ary [UNIFESP]; Pan, Pedro Mario [UNIFESP]; Moriyama, Tais Silveira [UNIFESP]; Graeff-Martins, Ana Soledade; Tamanaha, Ana Carina [UNIFESP]; Alvarenga, Pedro; Krieger, Fernanda Valle; Fleitlich-Bilyk, Bacy; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]; Sato, Joao Ricardo; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Polanczyk, Guilherme Vanoni; Brentani, Helena; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Rosario-Campos, Maria Conceicao do [UNIFESP]; Manfro, Gisele Gus; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Mercadante, Marcos Tomanik [UNIFESP]; Miguel, Euripedes Constantino; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Natl Inst Dev Psychiat Children & Adolescents INC; Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)
The objective of this study is to present the rationale, methods, design and preliminary results from the High Risk Cohort Study for the Development of Childhood Psychiatric Disorders. We describe the sample selection and the components of each phases of the study, its instruments, tasks and procedures. Preliminary results are limited to the baseline phase and encompass: (i) the efficacy of the oversampling procedure used to increase the frequency of both child and family psychopathology; (ii) interrater reliability and (iii) the role of differential participation rate. A total of 9937 children from 57 schools participated in the screening procedures. From those 2512 (random =958; high risk =1554) were further evaluated with diagnostic instruments. the prevalence of any child mental disorder in the random strata and high-risk strata was 19.9% and 29.7%. the oversampling procedure was successful in selecting a sample with higher family rates of any mental disorders according to diagnostic instruments. Interrater reliability (kappa) for the main diagnostic instrument range from 0.72 (hyperkinetic disorders) to 0.84 (emotional disorders). the screening instrument was successful in selecting a sub-sample with high risk for developing mental disorders. This study may help advance the field of child psychiatry and ultimately provide useful clinical information. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Increased blood pressure in the offspring of diabetic mothers
(Amer Physiological Soc, 2005-05-01) Wichi, Rogerio B. [UNIFESP]; Souza, Silvia B. [UNIFESP]; Casarini, Dulce E. [UNIFESP]; Morris, Mariana; Barreto-Chaves, Maria Luiza; Irigoyen, Maria Claudia; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Wright State Univ
Studies were conducted in rats to determine the effect of maternal diabetes and the consequent hyperglycemia on cardiovascular function in the offspring. Diabetes was induced in pregnant Wistar rats through streptozotocin injection ( 50 mg/kg). Cardiovascular parameters were measured in 2-mo-old offspring animals of diabetic ( OD, n = 12) and control rats (OC, n = 8). Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), baroreflex sensitivity, and vascular responsiveness to phenylephrine (PH) and sodium nitroprusside (SN) were measured. Angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) activity in heart, kidney, and lung was determined. OD rats exhibited increases in systolic AP ( 138 +/- 8 vs. 119 +/- 6 mmHg, OD vs. OC), with no change in HR ( 342 +/- 21 vs. 364 +/- 39 beats per minute (bpm), OD vs. OC). the reflex tachycardia elicited by SN was reduced in OD rats, as indicated by the slope of the linear regression ( - 2.2 +/- 0.4 vs. - 3.6 +/- 0.8 bpm/mmHg, OD vs. OC). Vascular responsiveness to PH was increased 63% in OD rats compared with OC. OD rats showed increases in ACE activity in heart, kidney, and lung (1.13 +/- 0.24, 3.04 +/- 0.86, 40.8 +/- 8.9 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.19, 1.7 +/- 0.45, 28.1 +/- 6 nmol His-Leu center dot min(-1) mg protein(-1), OD vs. OC). Results suggest that diabetes during pregnancy affects cardiovascular function in offspring, seen as hypertension, baroreflex dysfunction, and activation of tissue renin-angiotensin system.
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Internal auditory canal: Pre- and postnatal growth
(B C Decker Inc, 2004-08-01) Bonaldi, Lais Vieira [UNIFESP]; Lago, Aline do [UNIFESP]; Crema, Luciana C. [UNIFESP]; Fukuda, Yotaka [UNIFESP]; Smith, Ricardo Luiz [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Objective: the purpose of this study was to describe the size and shape of the internal auditory canal (IAC) during development.Study Design: the study was conducted in 98 dried temporal bones from 7-month-old fetuses to adults. Silicone mould casts of the IAC were used.Methods: the length of the IAC was measured on the moulds corresponding four walls as the diameter on the fundus, middle portion, and porus.Results: Although size and shape vary considerably among individuals, the data showed no significant differences between the right and left sides of the same individual. the values of the wall length and porus diameter increase as a function of age, especially for the upper wall and horizontal diameter. Both middle portion diameters suffer variations at different ages, increasing and decreasing until reaching the final shape. the diameter of the fundus, near the inner ear, remains stable.Conclusions: Our results showed that during development, the shape of the IAC adapts to cranial growth, with those of adults and fetuses having a similar shape but different dimensions, which was quite evident near the porus.
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Multiple pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in developing rats: A long-term behavioral and electrophysiological study
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000-01-01) Santos, N. F.; Marques, R. H.; Correia, L.; Sinigaglia-Coimbra, Rita [UNIFESP]; Calderazzo, Lineu [UNIFESP]; Sanabria, ERG; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Purpose: Animal models are useful for the study of status epilepticus (SE)-induced epileptogenesis and neurological sequelae, especially during early brain development. Here. we show several permanent abnormalities in animals subjected to multiple SE during early development.Methods: Wistar pup rats (7 to 9 days old) were subjected to three consecutive episodes of SE induced by systemic pilocarpine injections. To study the long-lasting consequences of early-induced SE, chronic electroencephalographic recordings were made from the hippocampus and cortex and several behavioral tests (inhibitory step-down avoidance, rota-rod, open field, elevated plus-maze, and Skinner box) were performed at postnatal days 30 to 90. We also investigated in vitro electrophysiological responses of the CA1 area using extracellular recordings in hippocampal slices. A histological analysis was done using cresyl violet staining 24 hours and several months after SE induction. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL staining) 24 hours after the last SE episode.Results: Electloencephalographic recordings from 30- to 90-day-old rats that had been subjected to multiple SE episodes in early life showed marked changes compared with those from nontreated controls. These included frequent episodes of continuous complex spiking activity and high-voltage ictal discharges, with a small percentage of these rats presenting spontaneous behavioral seizures. These animals also presented evidence of severe cognitive deficit in adulthood. in vitro, a persistent hyperexcitability of the CAI area was detected in experimental animals. Histological analysis of the brains did not reveal any major long-term pathological changes. Nevertheless, an increased number of TUNEL-positive nuclei were present in some animals in both the hippocampus and the thalamus.Conclusions: These data show persistent abnormalities in animals subjected to multiple SE episodes during early postnatal development. SE may result in important plastic changes in critical periods of brain maturation leading to long-lasting epileptogenesis, as manifested by electrogaphic epileptiform discharges, behavioral deficits, and in vitro hyperexcitability of hippocampal networks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Nestin down-regulation of cortical radial glia is delayed in rats submitted to recurrent status epilepticus during early postnatal life
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2009-09-01) Scorza, Carla Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Maria da Graca [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
OBJECTIVE: Nestin is temporarily expressed in several tissues during development and it is replaced by other protein types during cell differentiation process. This unique property allows distinguishing between undifferentiated and differentiated cells. This study was delineated to analyze the temporal pattern of nestin expression in cortical radial glial cells of rats during normal development and of rats submitted to recurrent status epilepticus (SE) in early postnatal life (P). METHOD: Experimental rats were submitted to pilocarpine-induced SE on P7-9. The cortical temporal profile of nestin was studied by immunohistochemistry at multiple time points (P9, P10, P12, P16, P30 and P90). RESULTS: We observed delayed nestin down-regulation in experimental rats of P9, P10, P12 and P16 groups. In addition, few radial glial cells were still present only in P21 experimental rats. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that SE during early postnatal life alters normal maturation during a critical period of brain development.
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Neurodevelopmental basis of bipolar disorder: A critical appraisal
(Elsevier B.V., 2008-10-01) Sanches, Marsal [UNIFESP]; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Brambilla, Paolo; Soares, Jair C.; Univ N Carolina; Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio; Audie L Murphy Div; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Wayne State Univ; Univ Udine; IRCCS E Medea
Neurodevelopmental factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mental disorders. However, the evidence regarding their role in bipolar disorder is controversial. We reviewed the pertinent literature searching for evidence regarding a neurodevelopmental origin of bipolar disorder. Findings from clinical, epidemiological, neuroimaging, and post-mortem studies are discussed, as well as the implications of the available data for a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the genesis of bipolar disorder. While some evidence exists for developmental risk factors in bipolar disorder, further research is needed to determine the precise extent of their contribution to pathogenesis. the timing and course of such developmentally mediated neurobiological alterations also need to be determined. of particular importance for further study is the possibility that bipolar disorder may be mediated by an abnormal maturation of brain structures involved in affect regulation. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Neurogenesis induced by seizures in the dentate gyrus is not related to mossy fiber sprouting but is age dependent in developing rats
(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2008-12-01) Sanabria, Yaima Del Carmen Garrido [UNIFESP]; Argañaraz, Gustavo Adolfo [UNIFESP]; Lima, Eliângela de [UNIFESP]; Priel, Margareth Rose [UNIFESP]; Trindade, Edvaldo da Silva [UNIFESP]; Loeb, Luana Mazzacoratti [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Amado, Débora [UNIFESP]; Naffah-Mazzacoratti, Maria da Graca [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) has attracted attention since abnormal supragranular mossy fiber sprouting occurs in the same region, in temporal lobe epilepsy. Thus, we submitted developing rats to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) to study the relationship between neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting. Groups were submitted to SE at: I-P9, II-P7, P8 and P9, III-P17 e IV-P21. Neurogenesis was quantified using BrdU protocol and confirmed through double staining, using neuronal pentraxin. Other animals were monitored by video system until P120 and their brain was studied (Timm and Nissl staining). The neurogenesis at P17 (p=0.007) and P21 (p=0.006) were increased. However, only P21 group showed recurrent seizures and the mossy fiber sprouting in the same region, during adult life, while P17 did not. Thus, our results suggest that neurogenesis is not related to mossy fiber sprouting neither to recurrent spontaneous seizures in pilocarpine model.

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