Navegando por Palavras-chave "dependence"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosConcepts of dependence among Brazilian alcohol- and drug-dependent patients(Haight-ashbury Publ, 2000-10-01) Silva, Eroy A. da; Noto, Ana R.; Faria, Regina FS; Formigoni, Maria LOS; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); CNPqStudies suggest that the concepts that drug dependent persons have about their problems could influence adherence to treatment and outcome. The objective of this study was to compare these concepts in different groups of patients. Three groups of drug-dependent patients (diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria) were compared: 64 dependent on alcohol only, 56 dependent only on other drugs and 39 dependent on both alcohol and drugs. They were asked: What do you think about your problem? and the responses were qualitatively analyzed and classified into themes. For the whole sample, the main themes mentioned were: the function of alcohol and drugs in their lives (50%), the etiology of dependence (32%) and reasons for initial use (21%). Patients dependent on alcohol associated their use with coping, while patients dependent on other drugs reported pleasure seeking. In regard to etiology, most patients classified their dependence as a habit. Patients dependent on alcohol tended to attribute an organic etiology to their problem, while those dependent on other drugs most frequently considered moral aspects as important, This study suggests that there are differences between these three groups in the appraisal of their problem. Professionals interested in treatment matching need to take these findings into account, as they may influence compliance and treatment outcome.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosCrack use in São Paulo(Marcel Dekker Inc, 1996-01-01) Nappo, S. A.; Galduroz, JCF; Noto, A. R.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Documented crack use emerged in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 onward. Therefore, it is a recent behavior among drug users. the present work draws a profile of São Paulo crack users, employing an ethnographic approach. Twenty-five crack users were interviewed on selected social and demographic characteristics, on the drug itself and its consumption, and on the consequences of this use. Crack cocaine is harmful for the user, leading within a short period to a condition of dependence. the crack users reported ultimately lapsing into ''marginality'' due to social isolation, neglect of bodily needs, and breakdown of family ties and other relationships.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPredicting craving among cocaine users(Elsevier B.V., 2006-12-01) Da Silveira, Dartlu Xavier; Doering-Silveira, Evelyn; Niel, Marcelo; Jorge, Miguel Roberto; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: Craving for cocaine seems to play an important role in the continued use of and dependence on the substance.Aims: to describe characteristics of the craving phenomenon in a sample of cocaine users and to identify those that could predict the appearance of the phenomenon.Method: 205 cocaine users attending an outpatient clinic were interviewed to assess patterns of drug consumption and characteristics of craving for the drug.Findings: Subjects were mostly young (24.8 +/- 12.8 years) and male (86.2%). One hundred and two subjects (49.8%) were addicted to cocaine and the remainders (50.2%) were non-addicted occasional cocaine users. the majority of subjects (60.5%) reported having had craving episodes during the previous week. Frequency of cocaine use during the previous month correlated with the number of reported craving fits (r=0.425; p < 0.001) and with the duration of the craving fits (r=0.35 1; p < 0.001). Users of crack reported more craving episodes than did the users of snorted cocaine (p < 0.001) and the frequency of craving fits was inversely proportional to the duration of abstinence from the drug (r=-0.405;p < 0.001).Conclusion: Both the method of drug consumption and the abstinence period elapsed since previous drug intake were identified as predictive parameters of craving. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA statistical model to select densities of Apis mellifera bees in conducting laboratory experiments(Entomological Soc Southern Africa, 2013-09-01) Cirillo, Marcelo Angelo; Cespedes, Juliana Garcia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The survival of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 adults under laboratory conditions is not ensured only by a well-balanced diet during the larval stage and the first days after emergence; their population density in each experimental unit also affects the longevity of these insects. In this context, where statistical techniques allow considering random effects, fixed and different, covariance structures are interesting to build models that add information to bees confined to the laboratory. The goal of this paper was to study bee mortality in an experiment with different densities in each experimental unit observed over time. The statistical analyses used a mixed model with a covariance structure AR(1) and concluded that the average mortality rate for the bees is less progressive when considering densities with 50 individuals in each experimental unit.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTherapeutic use of cannabis by crack addicts in Brazil(Haight-ashbury Publ, 1999-10-01) Labigalini, Eliseu; Rodrigues, Lucio Ribeiro; Da Silveira, Dartiu Xavier; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This study ensued from clinical observations based on spontaneous accounts by crack abusers undergoing their first psychiatric assessment, where they reported using cannabis in an attempt to ease their own withdrawal symptoms. Throughout a period of nine months, the researchers followed up on 25 male patients aged 16 to 28 who were strongly addicted to crack, as diagnosed through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), according to CID-10 and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Most of the subjects (68%, or 17 individuals) ceased to use crack and reported that the use of cannabis had reduced their craving symptoms, and produced subjective and concrete changes in their behavior, helping them to overcome crack addiction. The authors discuss some psychological, pharmacological and cultural aspects of these findings.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTreating drug dependence with the aid of ibogaine: A retrospective study(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014-11-01) Schenberg, Eduardo Ekman [UNIFESP]; Comis, Maria Angélica de Castro [UNIFESP]; Chaves, Bruno Rasmussen; Silveira, Dartiu Xavier da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Inst Plantando Consciencia; MPPG HospIbogaine is an alkaloid purported to be an effective drug dependence treatment. However, its efficacy has been hard to evaluate, partly because it is illegal in some countries. in such places, treatments are conducted in underground settings where fatalities have occurred. in Brazil ibogaine is unregulated and a combined approach of psychotherapy and ibogaine is being practiced to treat addiction. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ibogaine, we conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 75 previous alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and crack users (72% poly-drug users). We observed no serious adverse reactions or fatalities, and found 61% of participants abstinent. Participants treated with ibogaine only once reported abstinence for a median of 5.5 months and those treated multiple times for a median of 8.4 months. This increase was statistically significant (p < 0.001), and both single or multiple treatments led to longer abstinence periods than before the first ibogaine session (p < 0.001). These results suggest that the use of ibogaine supervised by a physician and accompanied by psychotherapy can facilitate prolonged periods of abstinence, without the occurrence of fatalities or complications. These results suggest that ibogaine can be a safe and effective treatment for dependence on stimulant and other non-opiate drugs.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Uso indevido de drogas entre médicos: problema ainda negligenciado(Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2008-01-01) Fidalgo, Thiago Marques [UNIFESP]; Silveira, Dartiu Xavier da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the opinions and attitudes about substance use among clinical physicians. METHOD: A hundred physicians of clinical areas were selected in a public hospital of São Paulo. All of them were asked to answer a questionnaire with some questions about drug use. 83% completed the research protocol properly. RESULTS: 60.2% of the interviewed clinicians think that physicians are more likely to develop substance use disorders than general population. 67.5% of them stated they knew a colleague presenting a substance use disorder and in that in 41.0% of the cases the abused substance was a psychotropic available on the surgery facilities. However, 96.4% of the participants denied they could have a substance use problem, although 16.9% declared they had already used non prescribed psychotropics. Benzodiazepines were the most frequently used substances. In addition, 88.0% of them consider it was difficult to search for medical help. They added that a service exclusive for physicians would make this search easier. Nevertheless, 56.6% are not aware of the existence of such a service. CONCLUSION: Non-prescribed psychotropic use was high. However, most part of the clinicians does not consider this a problem. Most of the professionals do not know programs on substance use disorders specific for physicians, what would be a very positive initiative according to great part of them.