Navegando por Palavras-chave "daptomycin"

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    Activity of daptomycin and selected antimicrobial agents tested against Staphylococcus aureus from patients with bloodstream infections hospitalized in European medical centers
    (Esift Srl, 2008-02-01) Sader, Helio Silva [UNIFESP]; Watters, A. A.; Fritsche, T. R.; Jones, R. N.; JMI Labs; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tufts Univ
    Daptomycin is a cyclic lipopeptide with potent bactericidal activity against Gram-positive organisms and has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and infectious endocarditis (right-side). We evaluated the activity of daptomycin against bloodstream infection S. aureus strains from 4,799 patients hospitalized in 32 medical centers (12 European countries, Turkey and Israel) with bloodstream infections (BSI) during a 5-year period (2002-2006). Intravenous catheters were the source of infection in 15% of cases, and those strains were analyzed separately. All strains were susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods utilizing calcium supplementation (50 mg/L) when testing daptomycin. Bactericidal activity of daptomycin and vancomycin were evaluated against a subset of 50 randomly selected strains. Daptomycin (MIC (50/90), 0.25/0.5 mg/L), vancomycin (MIC50/90, 1/1 mg/L), and linezolid (MIC50/90, 2/2 mg/L), were highly active (>99.9% susceptibility) against the strains evaluated; and daptomycin was the most potent (lowest MIC90) among these compounds. Resistance rates to oxacillin and levofloxacin were generally elevated, especially when an intravenous catheter was the source of infection.
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    Antimicrobial Resistance among Gram-Positive Bacteria Isolated in Latin American Hospitals
    (Esift Srl, 2009-12-01) Sader, Helio Silva [UNIFESP]; Moet, G. J.; Jones, R. N.; JMI Labs; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tufts Univ
    Antimicrobial resistance patterns of the most frequently isolated Gram-positive bacteria in selected Latin American hospitals were evaluated under the auspices of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. The strains were consecutively collected (one per patient) between January 2003 and December 2008 and tested by reference broth microdilution methods at the monitoring central laboratory (JMI Laboratories, North Liberty, Iowa, USA). A total of 12,324 Gram-positive cocci were analyzed. The organisms were isolated from bloodstream (53.2%) and skin and skin structure infections (16.4%). Resistance to oxacillin (MRSA) was observed in 40.0% of Staphylococcus aureus, varying from 32.7% in Brazil to 49.7% in Chile. Resistance to erythromycin (90.1%), clindamycin (84.4%), and levofloxacin (86.8%) was very high in MRSA. Vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin were all very active against S. aureus strains tested (>99.9-100.0% susceptible), but daptomycin (MIC(50/90), 0.25/0.5 mu g/ml) was four- to eight-fold more potent than three comparators. Vancomycin resistance increased from 5.0% in 2003 to 15.5% in 2008 among enterococci (VRE); the most significant increase occurred among isolates from Brazilian medical centers (from 6.9 to 31.1%). Daptomycin was the most active antimicrobial tested against enterococci in general (MIC(50/90) 1/2 mu g/ml; 100.0% susceptible), followed by linezolid (MIC(50/90), 1/2 mu g/ml; 99.9% susceptible), teicoplanin (MIC(50) and MIC(90) of <= 2 mu g/ml; 91.3% susceptible), vancomycin (MIC(50/90), 1/8 mu g/ml; 89.6% susceptible). In summary, daptomycin and linezolid showed excellent in vitro activity against Gram-positive organisms (12,324) collected in Latin American hospitals, including MRSA, VRE and other multidrug-resistant organisms.
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    Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive bacteria isolated from European medical centres: results of the Daptomycin Surveillance Programme (2002-2004)
    (Blackwell Publishing, 2006-09-01) Sader, Helio Silva [UNIFESP]; Streit, J. M.; Fritsche, T. R.; Jones, R. N.; JMI Labs Inc; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tufts Univ
    The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 9322 contemporary (2002-2004) Gram-positive bacterial isolates collected from 31 medical centres in 14 countries in Europe were evaluated by broth microdilution methods according to CLSI guidelines. the isolates collected comprised Staphylococcus aureus (4842 isolates), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 1942 isolates), Enterococcus faecalis (1147 isolates), Enterococcus faecium (391 isolates), beta-haemolytic streptococci (660 isolates) and viridans group streptococci (340 isolates). the organisms were tested against daptomycin and more than 20 comparator agents in Mueller-Hinton broth, supplemented with calcium to 50 mg/L when testing daptomycin. Overall, methicillin (oxacillin) resistance rates were 26.7% and 77.0% for S. aureus (MRSA) and CoNS, respectively, and the vancomycin resistance rate among enterococci was 6.1%. MRSA rates varied from 0.6% in Sweden to 40.2-43.0% in Belgium, Greece, Ireland, the UK and Israel, and VRE rates varied from 0% in Switzerland to 21.2% in Ireland. More than 99.9% of isolates tested were considered susceptible to daptomycin according to breakpoints established by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the CLSI. Daptomycin was active against all Gram-positive species, with the highest MIC being 2, 8, 0.5 and 2 mg/L for staphylococci, enterococci, beta-haemolytic streptococci and viridans group streptococci, respectively. Daptomycin activity was not influenced adversely by resistance to other agents among staphylococci or enterococci. This novel lipopeptide (daptomycin) appears to be an excellent alternative therapeutic option for serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive organisms isolated in Europe.
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    Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive bacterial isolates from the Asia-Pacific region and an in vitro evaluation of the bactericidal activity of daptomycin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin: a SENTRY Program Report (2003-2004)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2007-08-01) Biedenbacha, Douglas J.; Bellb, Jan M.; Sadera, Helio S.; Fritsche, Thomas R.; Jones, Ronald N.; Turnidge, John D.; JMI Labs; Womens & Childrens Hosp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tufts Univ
    Medical centres in eight countries in the Asia-Pacific region provided 2391 isolates for the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program during 2003-2004 to determine their susceptibility to several antimicrobial classes, including daptomycin. Daptomycin, vancomycin and teicoplanin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined for 120 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, which included wild-type (WT) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and strains with decreased susceptibility to vancomycin (hetero-vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA)). Oxacillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates were much less susceptible to the other tested agents compared with oxacillin-susceptible strains. Vancomycin resistance was higher among Enterococcus faecium (10.3%) than Enterococcus faecalis (0.4%), and macrolide resistance was high both for beta-haemolytic (17.7%) and viridans group (48.7%) streptococci. Daptomycin (MIC for 90% of the organisms (MIC90) = 0.5-1 mg/L) was two-fold more potent than vancomycin, with > 99% susceptibility when tested against staphylococci. All tested isolates of E. faecalis (MIC90 = 2 mg/L) and P-haemolytic streptococci (MIC90 = 0.5 mg/L) were susceptible to daptomycin. Daptomycin MIC and MBC values were slightly higher for the hVISA isolates compared with WT-MRSA, with MBC/MIC ratios of only 1-2 for both groups. the MBC/MlC ratio for vancomycin was often greater when tested against these strains, particularly hVISA. in contrast, teicoplanin MBC/MIC ratios were significantly higher, with many of the strains showing values consistent with tolerance (>= 32). Daptomycin was demonstrated to have excellent in vitro activity when tested against Gram-positive isolates collected from Asia-Pacific countries, including hVISA strains. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluation of the in vitro activity of daptomycin against 19615 clinical isolates of Gram-positive cocci collected in North American hospitals (2002-2005)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2007-04-01) Pfaller, Michael A.; Sader, Helio S.; Jones, Ronald N.; JML Labs; Univ Iowa; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tufts Univ
    We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of daptomycin against 19 615 clinical strains consecutively collected by numerous centers located across the United States and Canada (2002-2005). Daptomycin was very active against all indicated species (>99% susceptible), with the highest MIC results being 2, 8, 0.5, and 1 mu g/mL for staphylococci, enterococci, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and viridans group streptococci, respectively, and no significant loss in potency was observed over the period studied. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Frequency of Occurrence and Daptomycin Susceptibility Rates of Gram-positive Organisms Causing Bloodstream Infections in Cancer Patients
    (Esift Srl, 2008-10-01) Sader, Helio Silva [UNIFESP]; Fritsche, T. R.; Jones, R. N.; JMI Labs; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Tufts Univ
    We evaluated the pathogen frequency and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-positive bacteria causing infections in cancer patients. We also compared the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from cancer patients to those from non-cancer patients and evaluated the activity of the novel lipopeptide daptomycin against these isolates. A total of 1,222 Gram-positive isolates were collected (one per patient) from bloodstream infections (BSI) in cancer patients at 33 United States (USA) medical centers in 2002-2006 and susceptibility tested by the broth microdilution method. Frequency of occurrence and susceptibility patterns of strains from cancer patients were compared to those from non-cancer patients collected in the same hospitals (10,684 strains). Staphylococcus aureus (39.2%) ranked first among Gram-positive pathogens from cancer patients, followed by Enterococcus spp. (32.2%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; 20.4%). Daptomycin was active against 99.8% of Gram-positive strains collected from patients with cancer at USA hospitals, but vancomycin was only active against 87.6% of strains and showed limited activity against Enterococcus spp. (61.4% susceptible). Only three daptomycin non-susceptible isolates were detected, all with MIC values at one doubling dilution above the susceptible breakpoint. These results indicate that daptomycin has an appropriate spectrum and potency to be used for empirical coverage of Gram-positive infections (especially BSI) in cancer patients in the hospitals surveyed in the USA.
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    Update of the in vitro activity of daptomycin tested against 6710 Gram-positive cocci isolated in North America (2006)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2008-06-01) Castanheira, Mariana; Jones, Ronald N.; Sader, Helio S. [UNIFESP]; JMI Labs; Tufts Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Gram-positive bacterial strains (6710) consecutively collected during 2006 in hospitals located in the United States and Canada were tested by reference broth microdilution methods against daptomycin and comparison agents. Only 1 Staphylococcus aureus strain (0.01%) had nonsusceptible daptomycin MIC value as specified by published break points. S. aureus daptomycin MIC distributions from 2006 as compared with those of previous years did not show MIC creep. Resistance to other compounds, such as vancomycin, oxacillin and penicillin, did not adversely influence daptomycin activity. Daptomycin remains highly active against clinical Gram-positive isolates collected in North America. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.