Navegando por Palavras-chave "craving"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosCrack use in São Paulo(Marcel Dekker Inc, 1996-01-01) Nappo, S. A.; Galduroz, JCF; Noto, A. R.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Documented crack use emerged in São Paulo, Brazil, from 1991 onward. Therefore, it is a recent behavior among drug users. the present work draws a profile of São Paulo crack users, employing an ethnographic approach. Twenty-five crack users were interviewed on selected social and demographic characteristics, on the drug itself and its consumption, and on the consequences of this use. Crack cocaine is harmful for the user, leading within a short period to a condition of dependence. the crack users reported ultimately lapsing into ''marginality'' due to social isolation, neglect of bodily needs, and breakdown of family ties and other relationships.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPredicting craving among cocaine users(Elsevier B.V., 2006-12-01) Da Silveira, Dartlu Xavier; Doering-Silveira, Evelyn; Niel, Marcelo; Jorge, Miguel Roberto; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: Craving for cocaine seems to play an important role in the continued use of and dependence on the substance.Aims: to describe characteristics of the craving phenomenon in a sample of cocaine users and to identify those that could predict the appearance of the phenomenon.Method: 205 cocaine users attending an outpatient clinic were interviewed to assess patterns of drug consumption and characteristics of craving for the drug.Findings: Subjects were mostly young (24.8 +/- 12.8 years) and male (86.2%). One hundred and two subjects (49.8%) were addicted to cocaine and the remainders (50.2%) were non-addicted occasional cocaine users. the majority of subjects (60.5%) reported having had craving episodes during the previous week. Frequency of cocaine use during the previous month correlated with the number of reported craving fits (r=0.425; p < 0.001) and with the duration of the craving fits (r=0.35 1; p < 0.001). Users of crack reported more craving episodes than did the users of snorted cocaine (p < 0.001) and the frequency of craving fits was inversely proportional to the duration of abstinence from the drug (r=-0.405;p < 0.001).Conclusion: Both the method of drug consumption and the abstinence period elapsed since previous drug intake were identified as predictive parameters of craving. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduces cortisol concentrations in bulimic disorders(Cambridge Univ Press, 2011-06-01) Claudino, A. M. [UNIFESP]; Van den Eynde, F.; Stahl, D.; Dew, T.; Andiappan, M.; Kalthoff, J.; Schmidt, U.; Campbell, I. C.; Kings Coll London; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Kings Coll NHS TrustBackground. in people with bulimic eating disorders, exposure to high-calorie foods can result in increases in food craving, raised subjective stress and salivary cortisol concentrations. This cue-induced food craving can be reduced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). We investigated whether rTMS has a similar effect on salivary cortisol concentrations, a measure of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) activity.Method. We enrolled twenty-two female participants who took part in a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial on the effects of rTMS on food craving. Per group, eleven participants were randomized to the real or sham rTMS condition. the intervention consisted of one session of high-frequency rTMS delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Salivary cortisol concentrations were assessed at four time points throughout the 90-min trial. To investigate differences in post-rTMS concentrations between the real and sham rTMS groups, a random-effects model including the pre-rTMS cortisol concentrations as covariates was used.Results. Salivary cortisol concentrations following real rTMS were significantly lower compared with those following sham rTMS. in this sample, there was also a trend for real rTMS to reduce food craving more than sham rTMS.Conclusions. These results suggest that rTMS applied to the left DLPFC alters HPAA activity in people with a bulimic disorder.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reduces Cue-Induced Food Craving in Bulimic Disorders(Elsevier B.V., 2010-04-15) Van den Eynde, Frederique; Claudino, Angelica M. [UNIFESP]; Mogg, Andrew; Horrell, Linda; Stahl, Daniel; Ribeiro, Wagner [UNIFESP]; Uher, Rudolf; Campbell, Iain; Schmidt, Ulrike; Kings Coll London; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Background: Craving or the urge to consume is a characteristic of bulimic eating disorders and addictions. Dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is associated with craving. We investigated whether stimulation of the DLPFC reduces food craving in people with a bulimic-type eating disorder.Methods: Thirty-eight people with bulimic-type eating disorders were randomly allocated to receive one session of real or sham high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left DLPFC in a double-blind procedure. Outcome measures included self-reported food craving immediately after the stimulation session and frequency of bingeing over a 24-hour follow-up period.Results: Compared with sham control, real rTMS was associated with decreased self-reported urge to eat and fewer binge-eating episodes over the 24 hours following stimulation.Conclusions: High-frequency rTMS of the left DLPFC lowers cue-induced food cravings in people with a bulimic eating disorder and may reduce binge eating. These results provide a rationale for exploring rTMS as a treatment for bulimic eating disorders.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Sonhos e craving em alcoolistas na fase de desintoxicação(Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2004-01-01) Araujo, Renata Brasil; Oliveira, Margareth [UNIFESP]; Piccoloto, Luciane B.; Szupszynski, Karen P.d.r; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The objective of this research is to evaluate the existence of a possible connection between dreams of alcohol-addicted patients and the craving they have during the first three days of detoxication at hospital ward units. The aim was to verify if those who had increased craving reported dreams where the theme alcohol was present, as well as to analyze the subjects'quality of sleep. It was a transversal study, with association of the sample variables. The taken sample has included 77 adult males, alcohol addicted, who would not have clinical or psychiatric comorbidities. In addition, the subjects would not be addicted to any other psychoactive substance but nicotine. The following instruments have been used: an Information File, where the subjects should fill in their social-demographic status; a Craving Evaluation Questionnaire; a Sleep and Dream Evaluation Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination and Short-Form Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire ). 67,6% of the subjects considered the sleeping initial stage at least satisfactory, 80,5% of the subjects stated the same concerning the sleeping final stage, but only 22,1% of the subjects never presented interruptions while sleeping. Dreaming of alcohol had not been a frequent behaviour (27,3%) and the average craving rating was low; there is a connection between dreaming of alcohol and craving increase (p < 0,001). Dreams can be better used by professionals who assist chemical addicted patients, and indicators of a risk situation should be used in the techniques of Relapse Prevention.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Validação da versão brasileira do Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief(Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2007-01-01) Araujo, Renata Brasil; Oliveira, Margareth Da Silva [UNIFESP]; Moraes, João Feliz Duarte; Pedroso, Rosemeri Siqueira; Port, Franciny; Castro, Maria Da Graça Tanori De; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Wainer & Piccoloto - Centro de Psicoterapia Cognitivo-Comportamental; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)BACKGROUND: The evaluation of craving is very important to treatment of tobacco dependence. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this research was to validate the Brazilian version of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-B). METHOD: Subjects enrolled to this experimental study were randomized into groups of zero, 30 and 60 minutes of tobacco abstinence. The study group was composed by 201 subjects (134 females and 67 males), age range: 18 to 65 (M = 38.15). The assessment instruments were, in addition to the QSU-B: Social and Demographical Data Form, Visual Analogic Scale for Craving, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and Anxiety and Depression Beck Inventories. RESULTS: The two-factor factorial analysis presented a total variation of 78.46% and the correlation between these factors was significant and of high intensity (r = 0.636; p < 0.001). All Cronbach s alpha values from QSU-B were above 0.70. We observed a correlation between the QSU-B total score and the Visual Analogic Scale (r = 0.656; p < 0.001), and also with Fagerström s question 1 (r = 0.201; p = 0.004) and question 2 (r = 0.257; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: QSU-B s Brazilian version proved to be an adequate psychometric instrument for the use both in research and in clinical settings.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Validação psicométrica do Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief - Versão Brasileira Adaptada para o Crack para dependentes hospitalizados(Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2011-01-01) Araujo, Renata Brasil; Castro, Maria Da Graça Tanori De; Pedroso, Rosemeri Siqueira; Santos, Paola Lucena Dos; Leite, Letícia; Rocha, Marcelo Rossoni Da; Marques, Ana Cecília Petta Roselli [UNIFESP]; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; PUCRS; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Background: The craving is a very important factor in the treatment of drug addiction. Objective: Validate the Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief - Brazilian Crack Adapted Version. Method: Subjects enrolled in this experimental study were randomized into groups: experimental for this group was shown an image of a subject using crack (G1) and control (G2) for this group no pictures were shown. The sample was composed of 109 subjects (G1 = 50 and G2 = 59), males, crack/cocaine dependent inpatients. The assessment instruments were: Clinical Interview with social and demographic data, CCQ-B - Crack Adapted Version; Visual Analogic Scale for Craving, Anxiety and Depression Beck and Inventories Visual Cue to elicit craving. Results: On the factorial analysis two factors were found: Factor 1, related to craving itself, and Factor 2, the perceived lack of control of crack use. The two-factor factorial analysis presented a total variation of 68.84%, and the correlation between these factors was significant and of low intensity (r = 0.204; p = 0.041). A Cronbach s alpha value from total of points of scale was 0.85. We observed a correlation between the scale total score and the Visual Analogic Scale (r = 0.515; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief - Brazilian Crack Adapted Version proved to be an adequate psychometric instrument for use in research and in clinical settings.