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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Anfíbios do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil: conhecimento atual e perspectivas(Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP, 2011-12-01) Rossa-Feres, Denise de Cerqueira; Sawaya, Ricardo Jannini [UNIFESP]; Faivovich, Julián; Giovanelli, João Gabriel Ribeiro; Brasileiro, Cinthia Aguirre [UNIFESP]; Schiesari, Luis; Alexandrino, João [UNIFESP]; Haddad, Célio Fernando Baptista; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)The last list of species of the state of São Paulo State was updated and totaled 236 species of amphibians, 230 of which are anurans and six are caecilians. Bokermannohyla gouveai and Sphaenorhynchus surdus were removed from this list, because they did not occur in the State of São Paulo. The number of anuran species recorded comprise 27% of the species richness of the country and an increase by 31% in the number of species recorded for the state since 1998. Thus, despite the State of São Paulo be the Brazilian region where the anurans have been most studied, these data show that the number of known species tends to increase in the next years. We have identified two major geographical gaps of inventory: the southwest of the state, especially in the Paranapanema river basin and the northeast region, mainly at the border between the States of Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Although both have been sampled recently, information is still lacking. The current state of knowledge and perspectives in the areas such as taxonomy, systematics, ecology and conservation are evaluated.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosFatal toxoplasmosis in a southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) from SAo Paulo state, Brazil: Pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characterization(Wiley, 2018) Santos, Stefanie Vanessa; Pena, Hilda F. J.; Talebi, Mauricio [UNIFESP]; Teixeira, Rodrigo H. F.; Kanamura, Cristina T.; Diaz-Delgado, Josue; Gennari, Solange M.; Catao-Dias, Jose LuizWe report the pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of fatal acute systemic toxoplasmosis in an adult, female, free-living southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) from SAo Paulo state, Brazil. PCR-RFLP genotyping analysis identified the #21 genotype of Toxoplasma gondii. This represents the first report of acute toxoplasmosis involving this genotype in humans and animals.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Herpetofauna of the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA) and its surrounding areas, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil(Instituto Virtual da Biodiversidade | BIOTA - FAPESP, 2014-09-01) Almeida-gomes, Mauricio; Siqueira, Carla Costa; Borges-júnior, Vitor Nelson Teixeira; Vrcibradic, Davor; Ardenghi Fusinatto, Luciana; Frederico Duarte Rocha, Carlos; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Species inventories are useful tools to improve conservation strategies, especially in highly threatened biomes such as the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Here we present a species list of amphibians and reptiles for the Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA), a forest reserve located in the central portion of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The list results from an extensive sampling effort that lasted ten years. A total of 73 amphibian (of which ten are endemic to the state) and 37 reptile species was recorded from the area. Five amphibian species are presently categorized by the IUCN as “data-deficient”, two as “near threatened” and one as “endangered”, whereas one reptile species is categorized as “vulnerable”. Our results showed that REGUA harbors about one-third of the herpetofauna species presently known to occur in state of Rio de Janeiro, adding more information to previously published lists of amphibians and reptiles from localities within the Serra dos =rgãos region, and highlighting the importance of this area for conservation of amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Infomap Bioregions: Interactive Mapping of Biogeographical Regions from Species Distributions(Oxford Univ Press, 2017) Edler, Daniel; Guedes, Thais [UNIFESP]; Zizka, Alexander; Rosvall, Martin; Antonelli, AlexandreBiogeographical regions (bioregions) reveal how different sets of species are spatially grouped and therefore are important units for conservation, historical biogeography, ecology, and evolution. Several methods have been developed to identify bioregions based on species distribution data rather than expert opinion. One approach successfully applies network theory to simplify and highlight the underlying structure in species distributions. However, this method lacks tools for simple and efficient analysis. Here, we present Infomap Bioregions, an interactive web application that inputs species distribution data and generates bioregion maps. Species distributions may be provided as georeferenced point occurrences or range maps, and can be of local, regional, or global scale. The application uses a novel adaptive resolution method to make best use of often incomplete species distribution data. The results can be downloaded as vector graphics, shapefiles, or in table format. We validate the tool by processing large data sets of publicly available species distribution data of the world's amphibians using species ranges, and mammals using point occurrences. We then calculate the fit between the inferred bioregions and WWF ecoregions. As examples of applications, researchers can reconstruct ancestral ranges in historical biogeography or identify indicator species for targeted conservation.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosModelagem da distribuição geográfica e conservação de duas espécies ameaçadas de Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) na Mata Atlântica(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2014-04-24) Franca, Valeria Braga [UNIFESP]; Alexandrino, Joao Miguel de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Geographic distribution models and conservation status of two endangered species of Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) in the Atlantic Forest. The Rhipsalis (Cactaceae) is the most abundant genus among all the epiphytic cactus. This group is divided into five subgenera based on morphological and physiological different features, particularly in the format of cladodes and flowers arrangement. Phyllarthrorhipsalis is the most diverse subgenus, with 13 species described in which the predominant feature is the stem flattened shape. Rhipsalis crispata (Haw.) Pfeiffer. and Rhipsalis oblonga Loefgr. are both endemic of the Atlantic Forest and are phylogenetically very close species. Initially, Rhipsalis crispimarginata Loefgr. was not covered at this work because they are not recognized as a valid species, but during this research, we have been found morphological differences that may contribute to the species segregation, thus justifying their posterior inclusion. In order to identify geographical distribution patterns and also reassess the conservation status of the three studied species, the habitat was defined based on information gathered from online data banks, herbarium exsiccates and literature. This survey resulted in 20 presence points to R. crispata, 18 to R. crispimarginata and 32 to R. oblonga. The coordinates were plotted in ArqGIS software in order to build a species distribution maps and the Maxent algorithm was used to modeling the potential species (MPE), using five bioclimatic variables that was chosen from a correlation matrix. For each species were generated models in present and future scenarios CCSM4 and MIROC5, both for the year 2070 and based on rates of carbon emissions. The models generated for the present, revealed new potential areas for species occurrence, however the most of these populations was not found in the field and possibly do not resisted to the intense anthropogenic pressure, that suffered recently, since require appropriate conditions of light and humidity to thrive. The projections for the future indicated a worse scenario, with a great habitat loss in southern Bahia State and in a band stretching from the north of São Paulo to Santa Catarina State, especially for the species R. crispimarginata. Thus, considering this vulnerability, we recommended an immediate taxonomic revision and its inclusion in endangered species list from IUCN-International Union for Conservation of Nature. After finding the reduction of their areas of occupation, we also suggest a change in the conservation state of R. oblonga of "Vulnerable" (VU) for Endangered (EN) category in Appendix II of CITES and for R. crispata, to "Critically Endangered" (CR) one.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Patterns, biases and prospects in the distribution and diversity of Neotropical snakes(Wiley, 2018) Guedes, Thais B. [UNIFESP]; Sawaya, Ricardo J. [UNIFESP]; Zizka, Alexander; Laffan, Shawn; Faurby, Soren; Pyron, R. Alexander; Bernils, Renato S.; Jansen, Martin; Passos, Paulo; Prudente, Ana L. C.; Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F.; Braz, Henrique B.; Nogueira, Cristiano de C.; Antonelli, AlexandreMotivation: We generated a novel database of Neotropical snakes (one of the world's richest herpetofauna) combining the most comprehensive, manually compiled distribution dataset with publicly available data. We assess, for the first time, the diversity patterns for all Neotropical snakes as well as sampling density and sampling biases. Main types of variables contained: We compiled three databases of species occurrences: a dataset downloaded from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), a verified dataset built through taxonomic work and specialized literature, and a combined dataset comprising a cleaned version of the GBIF dataset merged with the verified dataset. Spatial location and grain: Neotropics, Behrmann projection equivalent to 1 degrees x 1 degrees. Time period: Specimens housed in museums during the last 150 years. Major taxa studied: Squamata: Serpentes. Software format: Geographical information system (GIS). Results: The combined dataset provides the most comprehensive distribution database for Neotropical snakes to date. It contains 147,515 records for 886 species across 12 families, representing 74% of all species of snakes, spanning 27 countries in the Americas. Species richness and phylogenetic diversity show overall similar patterns. Amazonia is the least sampled Neotropical region, whereas most well-sampled sites are located near large universities and scientific collections. We provide a list and updated maps of geographical distribution of all snake species surveyed. Main conclusions: The biodiversity metrics of Neotropical snakes reflect patterns previously documented for other vertebrates, suggesting that similar factors may determine the diversity of both ectothermic and endothermic animals. We suggest conservation strategies for high-diversity areas and sampling efforts be directed towards Amazonia and poorly known species.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosRediscovery and redescription of the unusual subterranean characiform Stygichthys typhlops, with notes on its life history(Wiley-Blackwell, 2010-05-01) Moreira, C. R.; Bichuette, M. E.; Oyakawa, O. T.; Pinna, M. C. C. de; Trajano, E.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The rediscovery of the enigmatic subterranean characiform Stygichthys typhlops is reported almost a half-century after the collection of the holotype, the only specimen previously known. Thirty-four specimens were collected in two shallow hand-dug wells at the region of the type locality, c. 13 km south-west of the town of Jaiba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. These specimens provide new information on the morphology of this species, and for the first time on its life history. the conservation status of S. typhlops is discussed. the species is severely threatened by habitat loss caused by exploitation of the aquifer. (C) 2010 the Authors Journal compilation (C) 2010 the Fisheries Society of the British Isles