Navegando por Palavras-chave "cognitive function"

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    The effect of donepezil on sleep and REM sleep EEG in patients with Alzheimer disease: A double-blind placebo-controlled study
    (Amer Academy Sleep Medicine, 2006-02-01) Moraes, Walter André dos Santos [UNIFESP]; Poyares, Dalva [UNIFESP]; Guilleminault, Christian; Ramos, Luiz Roberto [UNIFESP]; Ferreira Bertolucci, Paulo Henrique [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Stanford Univ
    Study Objective: Examine the effects of donepezil on sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with Alzheimer disease, using polysomnography, and the correlation between REM sleep EEG parameters and cognitive scores.Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design.Settings: Two sleep research centers, University Hospital.Participants: Thirty-five patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease, allocated to 2 groups: donepezil treated (n=17) and placebo treated (n=18).Intervention: Patients were administered donepezil or placebo. OutcomeMeasures: Polysomnography with REM sleep EEG spectral analysis and cognitive evaluation using the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale, were performed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Slowing ratio was the ratio between slow and fast EEG frequency bands. Cognitive and sleep data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Correlations between cognitive improvement and REM sleep EEG were also calculated.Results: REM sleep increased significantly after 3 and 6 months of donepezil treatment compared with baseline and placebo (p <.01). Overall theta (p =.04), frontal theta (p <.01) and frontal delta (p =.03) absolute power during REM sleep decreased after 6 months of donepezil treatment. The occipital slowing ratio decreased during treatment (p =.04). REM sleep overall and frontal and centroparietal alpha absolute power significantly correlated with the cognitive improvement rate on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale (r = 0.75, r 0.71, r = 0.78); p <.01).Conclusions: Donepezil treatment enhanced REM sleep and reduced slow frequencies of REM sleep EEG, suggesting a possible action upon REM sleep-related cholinergic neurons in patients with Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, REM sleep alpha power may predict the cognitive response to donepezil.
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    Onset of estrogen replacement has a critical effect on synaptic density of CA1 hippocampus in ovariectomized adult rats
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003-09-01) Silva, I; Mello, LEAM; Freymuller, E.; Haidar, Mauro Abi [UNIFESP]; Baracat, E. C.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate differences between estrogen replacement therapy initiated either 4 or 12 days after ovariectomy on the synaptic density of the hippocampal CA1 field in rats.Design: Female, adult, Wistar rats were ovariectomized bilaterally under ether anesthesia and divided among the following groups: 1) estrogen (conjugated equine estrogen 50 mug in 0.5 mL of propylene glycol, daily, p.o. gavage, for 60 days), starting 4 days after ovariectomy (n = 5); 2) propylene glycol (0.5 mL daily, p.o. gavage, for 60 days), starting 4 days after ovariectomy (n = 4); 3) estrogen (conjugated equine estrogen 50 mug in 0.5 mL of propylene glycol, daily, p.o. gavage, for 45 days), starting 12 days after ovariectomy (n = 3); 4) propylene glycol (0.5 mL daily, p.o. gavage, for 45 days), starting 12 days after ovariectomy (n = 3). At the end of the treatment, the rats were processed for electron microscopy and light analysis.Results: Synaptic density in all of the CA1 strata subjected to evaluation was significantly higher in animals in which estrogen replacement was initiated 4 days after ovariectomy as compared with controls. in contrast, initiation of treatment after a 12-day interval did not result in recovery of synaptic density in any of the CA1 strata and was significantly lower than that of the animals subjected to hormone replacement after a 4-day delay (P < 0.01).Conclusion: the delay for hormone replacement therapy might have critical implications for modulating synaptic density.
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    Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Alleviating Cognitive Impairment in People With Epilepsy
    (Elsevier, 2018) Allendorfer, Jane B.; Arida, Ricardo M. [UNIFESP]
    Many persons with epilepsy (PWE) experience problems with a wide range of cognitive functions, including learning, memory, attention, and executive control. These deficits in cognition result in diminished quality of life for PWE and are related to many factors, including the etiology of their epilepsy, recurrent seizures, side effects of antiseizure medications, or a combination of these factors. Various treatments to ameliorate cognitive deficits experienced by PWE have been implemented, although noninvasive and nonpharmacologic strategies may be more appealing options due to their relatively low cost, reduced risk of side effects, and/or reduced potential interactions with antiseizure medications. Physical activity and exercise may improve cognition in PWE but have not been well researched in this respect. To date only 1 study has directly investigated the effects of exercise on cognition in PWE, and it showed improved performance on tests of attention and executive function. The goal of the present article was to examine how increased physical activity and exercise contributes to 3 strategies (reducing seizure frequency, reducing epileptiform discharges, and decreasing symptoms of depression) that have been described as having a positive impact on cognition in PWE, as well as highlight related findings in experimental models of epilepsy. There is a definite need for more randomized controlled trials to establish greater clinical evidence for the use of physical activity and exercise in ameliorating cognitive impairment in PWE. We also need to better understand the factors contributing to reduced physical activity in PWE, as well as ways to overcome such barriers. With the available research in the area of exercise in epilepsy showing positive results, and a supportive research climate encouraging PWE to engage in greater physical activity overall, further investigations into the relationships between physical activity and cognition in epilepsy are warranted. (C) 2018 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.