Navegando por Palavras-chave "cannabis"
Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Efeitos comportamentais e moleculares de fitocanabinoides em camundongos submetidos ao modelo da sensibilização locomotora induzida pelo etanol(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-10-30) Filev, Renato [UNIFESP]; Mello, Luiz Eugenio Araujo de Moraes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Drug dependence, including alcoholism, is a neuroadaptative process induced by mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway sensitization. Several neurochemical mechanisms increase the incentive salience of motivational agents, in our case, ethanol. This sensitization seems to play an important role on craving development, and when associated to cues or stress, could induce relapse. Experimental studies suggest that endocannabinoid system is involved on ethanol pharmacological effects and in the modulation of motivational circuit. Recently, we have found that rodents submitted to locomotor sensitization and then to 5 days of drug withdrawal show increased type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) expression on prefrontal cortex and striatum. Furthermore, case reports and observational studies suggest Cannabis use to mitigate the problematic use of ethanol. Therefore,here we aimed to verify whether phytocannabinoids (CBD and THC) influence the maintenance of locomotor sensitization induced by ethanol. Additionally, we investigated CB1 receptor and c-Fos expression. CBD (2.5; 5.0; 10 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the maintenance of locomotor sensitization. On the other hand, there was a significant inhibitory effect of THC (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) in this behavioral response, when administered alone or in conjunction with CBD (in a 1:1 proportion). THC did not change consistently c-Fos expression, but prevented CB1 receptor upregulation in the ventral striatum. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no correlation between behavioral and molecular results. The behavioral results point to potential therapeutic effects of THC in alcoholism. THC/CBD association showed to be effective on the proposed model. Thus, as already recognized for the treatment of other human conditions, our findings bring new insights for the development of clinical trials using the association of THC/CBD in alcohol-related problems.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Expectativas de resultados frente ao uso de álcool, maconha e tabaco(Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006-08-01) Pedroso, Rosemeri Siqueira; Oliveira, Margareth Da Silva [UNIFESP]; Araujo, Renata Brasil; Castro, Maria Da Graça; Melo, Wilson Vieira; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This article aims to perform a theoretical review about the outcome expectancy construct considering the use of alcohol, cannabis and tobacco. Outcome expectancy is determined by people's belief about the effects of a drug. It is an important variable for the treatment of chemically dependent patients. Searches in the electronic databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Ovid, LILACS and Cork were carried out, using the following descriptors: belief, expectancy, expectation, drugs, psychoactive, and effect. Results showed that outcome expectancy considering the use of those substances can be generated from: exposure to conditioning stimuli, physical dependence, personal and cultural beliefs, and situational and environmental factors. In conclusion, there is the need of new researches on expectancies related to psychoactive substances and age groups in order to have a better understanding of this construct.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosFactors associated with the use of solvents and cannabis by medical students(Elsevier B.V., 2007-08-01) Di Pietro, Monica C.; Doering-Silveira, Evelyn B.; Oliveira, Maria Paula T.; Rosa-Oliveira, Leonardo Q.; Da Silveira, Dartiu Xavier; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: the use of alcohol and other drugs among medical students has been a theme of growing interest and concern on the part of researchers, teaching institutions and medical associations since the decade of the 1960's.Objective: Recent use of alcohol, tobacco, tranquillisers, amphetamines, cannabis, organic solvents, and cocaine among 456 medical students was surveyed. Method: Assessment was done by means of a self-report questionnaire according to World Health Organisation guidelines.Results: Among medical students, after alcohol and tobacco, cannabis and solvents are the most frequently used psychoactive substances. As such, they were the most deeply analysed drugs in this study. Factors associated with the recent use of cannabis and solvents were established by logistic regression. Living with parents or a companion appeared as a protective factor for the use of cannabis. However, being male and regularly participating in the activities at the campus Sports Association showed as risk factors for the use of both cannabis and solvents.Discussion: Concepts and misconceptions concerning protective and risk factors must be discussed in the light of cultural and circumstantial interferences. Harm reduction strategies should be seriously considered. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPrevalence of cocaine and marijuana use in the last trimester of adolescent pregnancy: Socio-demographic, psychosocial and behavioral characteristics(Elsevier B.V., 2007-02-01) Mitsuhiro, Sandro Sendin; Chalern, Elisa; Moraes Barros, Marina Carvalho de; Guinsburg, Ruth [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of cocaine and marijuana use during the third trimester of pregnancy in a population of 1000 teenage women of a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil using hair analysis in order I to avoid underestimation of data that could happen by the use of self-report questionnaires and describe socio-demographic, psychosocial and behavioral characteristics of the drug users.Results: Hair analysis has detected use of cocaine and/or marijuana in the third trimester of pregnancy in 6% of the patients: 4.0% used marijuana, 1.7% used cocaine and 3% used both drugs. They were about 17 years old, from low-income, poorly educated, unemployed, financially dependent and they had not planned the pregnancy. 10% of miscarriages have occurred in this population.Conclusion: This study shows the psychosocial impairment associated to teenage pregnancy and use of cocaine and marijuana during gestation by this low-income population with reliable data of prevalence obtained through hair analysis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention for illicit drugs linked to the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) in clients recruited from primary health-care settings in four countries(Wiley-Blackwell, 2012-05-01) Humeniuk, Rachel; Ali, Robert; Babor, Thomas; Souza-Formigoni, Maria Lucia O. [UNIFESP]; Lacerda, Roseli Boerngen de; Ling, Walter; McRee, Bonnie; Newcombe, David; Pal, Hemraj; Poznyak, Vladimir; Simon, Sara; Vendetti, Janice; Univ Adelaide; Drug & Alcohol Serv S Australia; Univ Connecticut; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Parana; Univ Calif Los Angeles; NEPFT; AIIMS; World Hlth Org; Univ AucklandAims This study evaluated the effectiveness of a brief intervention (BI) for illicit drugs (cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants and opioids) linked to the World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). the ASSIST screens for problem or risky use of 10 psychoactive substances, producing a score for each substance that falls into either a low-, moderate- or high-risk category. Design Prospective, randomized controlled trial in which participants were either assigned to a 3-month waiting-list control condition or received brief motivational counselling lasting an average of 13.8 minutes for the drug receiving the highest ASSIST score. Setting Primary health-care settings in four countries: Australia, Brazil, India and the United States. Participants A total of 731 males and females scoring within the moderate-risk range of the ASSIST for cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants or opioids. Measurements ASSIST-specific substance involvement scores for cannabis, stimulants or opioids and ASSIST total illicit substance involvement score at baseline and 3 months post-randomization. Findings Omnibus analyses indicated that those receiving the BI had significantly reduced scores for all measures, compared with control participants. Country-specific analyses showed that, with the exception of the site in the United States, BI participants had significantly lower ASSIST total illicit substance involvement scores at follow-up compared with the control participants. the sites in India and Brazil demonstrated a very strong brief intervention effect for cannabis scores ( P < 0.005 for both sites), as did the sites in Australia ( P < 0.005) and Brazil ( P < 0.01) for stimulant scores and the Indian site for opioid scores ( P < 0.01). Conclusions the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test-linked brief intervention aimed at reducing illicit substance use and related risks is effective, at least in the short term, and the effect generalizes across countries.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosShort term impact of same intensity but different duration interventions for cannabis users(Elsevier B.V., 2007-10-08) Jungerman, Flavia S.; Andreoni, Solange; Laranjeira, Ronaldo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The present study evaluates the efficacy of a brief intervention for cannabis users. A randomized controlled trial compared 3 conditions: 4 weekly individual sessions of motivational interviewing and relapse prevention over 1 month (1MIRP); the same 4 sessions over 3 months (3MIRP), and delayed treatment control (DTC). the short term impact of each intervention was followed up 4 months after randomization. Participants were 160 highly educated adults with a long history of frequent cannabis use. Both treatments showed better results than the DTC, and for primary outcomes (i.e., cannabis consumption) there was no difference between treatments, while the 3MIRP scheme showed greater efficacy in reducing dependence. symptoms and other drug use according to the ASI drug subscale. There was a tendency for the longer treatment to have better outcomes, regardless of intensity, although the waiting list did have some positive effect. the cohort needs to be followed up for a longer period in order to ascertain whether changes are maintained over time. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTherapeutic use of cannabis by crack addicts in Brazil(Haight-ashbury Publ, 1999-10-01) Labigalini, Eliseu; Rodrigues, Lucio Ribeiro; Da Silveira, Dartiu Xavier; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This study ensued from clinical observations based on spontaneous accounts by crack abusers undergoing their first psychiatric assessment, where they reported using cannabis in an attempt to ease their own withdrawal symptoms. Throughout a period of nine months, the researchers followed up on 25 male patients aged 16 to 28 who were strongly addicted to crack, as diagnosed through the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), according to CID-10 and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Most of the subjects (68%, or 17 individuals) ceased to use crack and reported that the use of cannabis had reduced their craving symptoms, and produced subjective and concrete changes in their behavior, helping them to overcome crack addiction. The authors discuss some psychological, pharmacological and cultural aspects of these findings.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTherapeutic use of Cannabis sativa on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting among cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis(Wiley-Blackwell, 2008-09-01) Rocha, F. C. Machado [UNIFESP]; Stefano, S. C. [UNIFESP]; Haiek, R. de Cassia [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, L. M. Q. Rosa; Da Silveira, D. X. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This paper aims to evaluate the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy using a systematic review of literature searched within electronic databases such as PUBMED, EMBASE, PSYCINFO, LILACS, and 'The Cochrane Collaboration Controlled Trials Register'. Studies chosen were randomized clinical trials comprising all publications of each database until December 2006. From 12 749 initially identified papers, 30 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this review, with demonstration of superiority of the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids compared with conventional drugs and placebo. the adverse effects were more intense and occurred more often among patients who used cannabinoids. Five meta-analyses were carried out: (1) dronabinol versus placebo [n = 185; relative risk (RR) = 0.47; confidence interval (CI) = 0.19-1.16]; (2) Dronabinol versus neuroleptics [n = 325; RR = 0.67; CI = 0.47-0.96; number needed to treat (NNT) = 3.4]; (3) nabilone versus neuroleptics (n = 277; RR = 0.88; CI = 0.72-1.08); (4) levonantradol versus neuroleptics (n = 194; RR = 0.94; CI = 0.75-1.18); and (5) patients' preference for cannabis or other drugs (n = 1138; RR = 0.33; CI = 0.24-0.44; NNT = 1.8). the superiority of the anti-emetic efficacy of cannabinoids was demonstrated through meta-analysis.