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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Demographic and anthropometrical analysis and genotype distribution of chronic hepatitis C patients treated in public and private reference centers in Brazil(Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 2004-10-01) Focaccia, R.; Baraldo, D.c.m.; Ferraz, Maria Lucia Cardoso Gomes [UNIFESP]; Martinelli, A.l.c.; Carrilho, F.j.; Gonçales Junior, Fernando Lopes; Pedroso, M.l.a.; Coelho, H.s.m.; Lacerda, M.a.; Brandão, C.e.; Mattos, A.a.; Lira, L.g.c.; Zamin Jr., I.; Pinheiro, J.o.p.; Tovo, C.v.; Both, C.t.; Soares, J.a.s.; Dittrich, S.; Emílio Ribas Institute; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); São Paulo University Medical School of Ribeirão Preto; São Paulo University School of Medicine; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Federal University of Paraná; Secretary of State of Paraná CRE Metropolitan; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Private Institution; UNIRIO Graffée Guinle Universitary Hospital; Santa Casa de Misericórdia Gastroenterology Service; Federal University of BahiaHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious public health problem, since 80% to 85% of HCV carriers develop a persistent infection that can progress into liver cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Considering that the response of hepatitis C patients to combination therapy with interferon and ribavirin depends on HCV characteristics as well as on host features, we made a retrospective analysis of demographic and anthropometrical data and HCV genotype distribution of chronic hepatitis C patients treated in public and private reference centers in Brazil. The medical records of 4,996 patients were reviewed, 81% from public and 19% from private institutions. Patients' median age was 46 years, and there was a higher prevalence of male (62%) and white patients (80%). The analysis of HCV-infecting strains showed a predominance of genotype 1 (64%) over genotypes 2 and 3. The patients' mean weight was 70.6 kg, and 65% of the patients weighed less than 77kg. Overweight and obesity were observed in 37.8% and 13.6% of the patients, respectively. Since a body weight of 75 kg or less has been considered an independent factor that significantly increases the odds of achieving a sustained virological response, the Brazilian population seems to have a more favorable body weight profile to achieve a sustained response than the American and European populations. The finding that 65% of chronic hepatitis C patients have a body weight of 77 kg or less may have a positive pharmacoeconomic impact on the treatment of genotype 1 HCV patients with weight-based doses of peginterferon.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEffect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril on body weight and composition in young rats(Elsevier B.V., 2008-02-01) Santos, Edson L. [UNIFESP]; Souza, Kely de Picoli [UNIFESP]; Guimarães, Paola Bianchi [UNIFESP]; Reis, Felipe Castellani Gomes [UNIFESP]; Silva, Sylvia Maria Affonso [UNIFESP]; Costa-Neto, Claudio M.; Luz, Jacqueline [UNIFESP]; Pesquero, João Bosco [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)Obesity is considered a worldwide public health problem showing an increased prevalence in developing countries, with urgent need for new and more efficient drugs and therapies. Enalapril, an angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), is classically used in antihypertensive therapies, however, earlier publications have shown that this drug could also have significant impact on body weight in rats as well as in humans, besides reducing blood pressure. the effect of this drug in the white adipose tissue has been neglected for long time, even considering that most components of the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-kinin system are expressed in this tissue. Furthermore, the adipose tissue is considered today as one of the most important sites for endocrine/inflammatory regulation of appetite and energy output and AngII has been linked to the metabolism in this tissue. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of chronic enalapril treatment in normotensive rats at earlier ages, evaluating body weight, energy homeostasis, lipid profile and serum levels of the hormones leptin and insulin, in the presence of a standard or a palatable hyperlipidic diet regimen for one month. Our results show that enalapril treatment is able to reduce body fat on both diets, without alteration in serum lipid profile. Furthermore, animals receiving enalapril showed reduction in food intake, leptin level and energy intake. in summary, these findings show for the first time that the ACEi enalapril reduces body fat in young normotensive rats and highlights a novel target to treat obesity and associated diseases. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosHigh- or low-salt diet from weaning to adulthood: Effect on body weight, food intake and energy balance in rats(Elsevier B.V., 2006-03-01) Coelho, M. S.; Passadore, M. D.; Gasparetti, A. L.; Bibancos, T.; Prada, P. O.; Furukawa, L. L.; Furukawa, LNS; Fukui, R. T.; Casarini, D. E.; Saad, MJA; Luz, J.; Chiavegatto, S.; Dolnikoff, M. S.; Heimann, J. C.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)Objective: To get some additional insight on the mechanisms of the effect of salt intake on body weight.Design and methods: Rats were fed a tow (LSD), normal (NSD), or high (HSD) salt diet. in a first set, body weight, tail-cuff blood pressure, fasting plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone, triiodothyronine, L-thyroxine, glucose, insulin, and angiotensin II were measured. Angiotensin II content was determined in white and brown adipose tissues. Uncoupling protein 1 expression was measured in brown adipose tissue. in a second set, body weight, food intake, energy balance, and plasma leptin were determined. in a third set of rats, motor activity and body weight were evaluated.Results: Blood pressure increased on HSD. Body weight was similar among groups at weaning, but during adulthood it was tower on HSD and higher on LSD. Food intake, L-thyroxine concentration, uncoupling protein 1 expression and energy expenditure were higher in HSD rats, white non-fasting leptin concentration was lower in these groups compared to NSD and LSD animals. Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone decreased on both HSD and LSD white plasma glucose and insulin were elevated only on LSD. A decrease in plasma angiotensin II was observed in HSD rats. On LSD, an increase in brown adipose tissue angiotensin II content was associated to decreased uncoupling protein 1 expression and energy expenditure. in this group, a low angiotensin II content in white adipose tissue was also found. Motor activity was not influenced by the dietary salt content.Conclusions: Chronic alteration in salt intake is associated with changes in body weight, food intake, hormonal profile, and energy expenditure and tissue angiotensin II content. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosLeptin assessment in acute lymphocytic leukemia survivors: Role of cranial radiotherapy?(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007-11-01) Siviero-Miachon, Adriana Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Spinola-Castro, Angela Maria [UNIFESP]; Tosta-Hernandez, Patricia Debora Cavalcanti [UNIFESP]; Lee, Maria Lucia de Martino; Petrilli, Antonio Sergio; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Leptin has been hypothesized to play a role in the development of obesity in leukemia survivors, particularly those who have received cranial radiotherapy. This cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between leptin levels and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of 26 acute lymphocytic leukemia survivors of both sexes, treated with and without cranial irradiation, aged 7.6 to 17 years, at a mean 3.4 +/- 2.0 years off treatment. There were significantly more males among the irradiated group (P < 0.001), even though no differences were encountered in pubertal stage (P = 1.000), BMI standard deviation score (mean SD) (0.68 +/- 1.00 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.78; P = 0.164), or leptin concentrations (17.01 +/- 17.04 vs. 23.3 +/- 13.4; P = 0.309). Nonetheless, there was a positive correlation between the natural logarithm of leptin and BMI standard deviation score [t(22) = 2.348, P = 0.028], however, no differences were recorded among irradiated and nonirradiated patients [F(2,22) = 0.384, P = 0.685]. When this relationship was compared between sexes, a significant difference was encountered [F(2,22) = 4.907, P 0.017], with males having the strongest association (R-males(2) = 65.5%, R-females(2) = 34.7% ).Leptin is a reliable adiposity index as it strongly correlates with BMI. Overall, the current data suggest that cranial irradiation did not play a role upon this relationship; however, sex differences influenced positively this correlation.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Mobile health e excesso de peso: uma revisão sistemática(Pan Amer Health Organization, 2014-05-01) Sarno, Flavio; Canella, Daniela Silva; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective. To evaluate the impact of using mobile health (mHealth) technologiesthe practice of medicine or public health through mobile devices, such as mobile phones-on the prevention of weight gain or treatment of overweight or obesity.Methods. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed database and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Intervention studies evaluating the impact of mHealth technologies were selected on the following anthropometric measures: weight, body mass index, or waist circumference in adults.Results. Out of 98 articles retrieved, 14 met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Of these, only two evaluated the prevention of weight gain instead of the treatment of overweight or obesity. mHealth technologies had a positive effect on anthropometric outcomes in 13 articles. Only one article reported no effects on the group that used these technologies. Eight articles reported impact on BMI, and seven on waist circumference. Mobile phones were the most common mHealth device, used mainly for text messages.Conclusions. mHealth technologies have the potential to be used as tools for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, particularly with mobile phones and texting, which are already used daily by most of the population.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA reassessment of the hyperphagia/weight-loss paradox during sleep deprivation(Amer Academy Sleep Medicine, 2006-09-01) Martins, Paulo J. F. [UNIFESP]; D'Almeida, Vânia [UNIFESP]; Nobrega, Jose N.; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ctr Addict & Mental HlthStudy Objectives: Sleep deprivation is a well-known paradigm to investigate the deleterious effects of prolonged wakefulness. Previous studies have shown that, during sleep deprivation, rats are hyperphagic but, paradoxically, lose body weight. This phenomenon has been attributed to increased metabolism. However, most previous studies have failed to account for food spillage, which may be considerable during sleep deprivation.Design: In the present study, we revisited the issue of feeding changes in sleep-deprived rats and introduced different procedures to allow accurate estimation of food spillage prior to, during, and after 120 hours of sleep deprivation by a single platform technique.Setting: Animal Sleep Research Laboratory, Psychobiology Department, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.Measurements and Results: The main finding was that, once corrected for spillage, food intake was not significantly increased during sleep deprivation. Increases in food removed from feeders were accompanied by proportional increases in food spillage, resulting in no net changes in food intake. Further, weight loss did occur during the sleep-deprivation period, especially in the first 24 hours, and it was actually explained by a reduction in food intake.Conclusion: The hyperphagia/weight-loss paradox previously seen during prolonged sleep deprivation does not necessarily occur with shorter periods of deprivation. Although we found no evidence of hyperphagia for up to 5 days of sleep deprivation in chow-fed rats, our data suggest that an impairment in the ability to increase food intake in response to increased energy expenditure contributes to the energy deficit during sleep deprivation in rats.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosSleep deprivation-induced gnawing - relationship to changes in feeding behavior in rats(Elsevier B.V., 2008-01-28) Martins, P. J. F. [UNIFESP]; Nobrega, J. N.; Tufik, S. [UNIFESP]; D'Almeida, V. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ctr Addict & Mental HlthWe have recently reported that food spillage increases during sleep deprivation in rats, which may lead to an overestimation of food intake in this condition. the objective of this study was to verify whether sleep deprivation induces an increase in gnawing behavior that could account for increased food spillage and apparent increase in food intake. We introduced wood blocks as objects for gnawing and determined the effects of their availability on food consumption and food spillage during sleep deprivation. Wood block availability reduced the amount of food removed from hoppers and decreased the amount of food spilled. However, weight loss still occurred during the sleep deprivation period, especially in the first 24 h, and it was related to a reduction in food intake. Sleep deprivation causes an increase in stereotyped gnawing behavior which largely accounts for increased food spillage observed during deprivation. Specifically, the observed increase in food removed from feeders seems to be due to an increase in gnawing and not to increased hunger. However, even when appropriately corrected for spillage, food intake decreased in the first 24 h of sleep deprivation, which accounted for most of the body weight loss seen during the 96 h of sleep deprivation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosStress-induced endocrine response and anxiety: the effects of comfort food in rats(Informa Healthcare, 2014-05-01) Ortolani, Daniela [UNIFESP]; Garcia, Marcia Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Melo-Thomas, Liana [UNIFESP]; Spadari-Bratfisch, Regina Celia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The long-term effects of comfort food in an anxiogenic model of stress have yet to be analyzed. Here, we evaluated behavioral, endocrine and metabolic parameters in rats submitted or not to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), with access to commercial chow alone or to commercial chow and comfort food. Stress did not alter the preference for comfort food but decreased food intake. in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, stressed rats were less likely to enter/remain in the open arms, as well as being more likely to enter/remain in the closed arms, than were control rats, both conditions being more pronounced in the rats given access to comfort food. in the open field test, stress decreased the time spent in the centre, independent of diet; neither stress nor diet affected the number of crossing, rearing or grooming episodes. the stress-induced increase in serum corticosterone was attenuated in rats given access to comfort food. Serum concentration of triglycerides were unaffected by stress or diet, although access to comfort food increased total cholesterol and glucose. It is concluded that CUMS has an anorexigenic effect. Chronic stress and comfort food ingestion induced an anxiogenic profile although comfort food attenuated the endocrine stress response. the present data indicate that the combination of stress and access to comfort food, common aspects of modern life, may constitute a link among stress, feeding behavior and anxiety.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Validade de medidas antropométricas autorreferidas em adolescentes: sua relação com percepção e satisfação corporal(Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2011-01-01) Marangoni, Adriane Bueno [UNIFESP]; Machado, Helymar da Costa; Passos, Maria Aparecida Zanetti [UNIFESP]; Fisberg, Mauro [UNIFESP]; Cintra, Isa de Pádua [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of the classification for nutritional status and height-for-age when using self-reported weight and height and its relationships with self-reported data of body image perception and satisfaction among adolescents. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 304 adolescents before they had measured their height and weight, they self-reported these measures, they were asked about their body shape perception and body image classification was obtained by using a body silhouette scale. It was also used specific tests to assess body satisfaction and food behavior. RESULTS: It was found full agreement between height-for-age classification using self-reported and measured height (k = 1.00) and an intermediate level of agreement between body mass index calculated with self-reported and measured data (k < 0.75). However, adolescents who perceived themselves as skinny underestimated their self-reported body mass index whereas those who perceived themselves as fat overestimated it. Those who perceived themselves as fat in the silhouette scale underestimated their body mass index. Gender was also a factor for unreliable answers, as females tended to underestimate their self-reported body mass index and males to overestimate it. CONCLUSION: The adolescents adequately self-reported weight and height information. However, body shape perception and body image classification were factors affecting answer reliability.