Navegando por Palavras-chave "attention"
Agora exibindo 1 - 13 de 13
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Attention impairment associated with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with mild incapacity(Academia Brasileira de Neurologia - ABNEURO, 2007-06-01) Balsimelli, Silvia; Mendes, Maria Fernanda; Bertolucci, Paulo Henrique Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Tilbery, Charles Peter; Santa Casa School of Medical Sciences Department of Neurology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Neuropsychological studies have consistently reported cognitive dysfunctions associated with multiple sclerosis. One-hundred fifteen subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) were compared with forty health controls according to a neuropsychological test battery, which included digit span, trail making, cancellation and stroop test. Both groups were matched for age, sex and educational level. Subjects with RRMS had a worse performance the speed of response. Subjects with RRMS spent more time to complete the test in either sections A (p=0.001) or B (p=0.001), although there was no significant difference in terms of number of errors. The total time required to finish the Stroop test was higher for subjects with RRMS (p<0.001), being the time difference between groups significant at trial 4 (p<0.001). Attention impairment in subjects with RRMS is related to slowed central processing, which may be affected in all stages, including impairment of automatic and controlled processing of information and in the motor program.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAuditory Processing in Children with Migraine: A Controlled Study(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2017) Agessi, Larissa Mendonca [UNIFESP]; Villa, Thais Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Deusvenir de Souza [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Liliane Desgualdo [UNIFESP]Background This study aimed to investigate central auditory processing performance in children with migraine and compared with controls without headache. Methods Twenty-eight children of both sexes, aged between 8 and 12 years, diagnosed with migraine with and without aura, and a control group of the same age range and with no headache history, were included. Gaps-in-noise (GIN), duration pattern test (DPT), synthetic sentence identification (SSI) test, and nonverbal dichotic test (NVDT) were used to assess central auditory processing performance. Results Children with migraine performed significantly worse in DPT, SSI test, and NVDT when compared with controls without headache
- ItemSomente MetadadadosChronic Infusion of Amyloid-beta Peptide and Sustained Attention Altered alpha 7 Nicotinic Receptor Density in the Rat Brain(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2012-12-01) Viel, Tania Araujo [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Ariadiny Lima; Albuquerque, Marilia Silva; Araujo, Mariana da Silva [UNIFESP]; Buck, Hudson de Sousa [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa Sao Paulo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)It is already known that progressive degeneration of cholinergic neurons in brain areas such as the hippocampus and the cortex leads to memory deficits, as observed in Alzheimer's disease. This work verified the effects of the infusion of amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide associated to an attentional rehearsal on the density of alpha 7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) in the brain of male Wistar rats. Animals received intracerebroventricular infusion of A beta or vehicle (control - C) and their attention was stimulated weekly (Stimulated A beta group: S-A beta and Stimulated Control group: SC) or not (Non-Stimulated A beta group: N-SA beta and Non-Stimulated Control group: N-SC), using an active avoidance apparatus. Conditioned avoidance responses (CAR) were registered. Chronic infusion of A beta caused a 37% reduction in CAR for N-SA beta. In S-A beta, this reduction was not observed. At the end, brains were extracted and autoradiography for alpha 7 nAChR was conducted using [I-125]-alpha-bungarotoxin. There was an increase in alpha 7 density in hippocampus, cortex and amygdala of SA beta animals, together with the memory preservation. In recent findings from our lab using mice infused with A beta and the alpha 7 antagonist methyllycaconitine, and stimulated weekly in the same apparatus, it was observed that memory maintenance was abolished. So, the increase in alpha 7 density in brain areas related to memory might be related to a participation of this receptor in the long-lasting change in synaptic plasticity, which is important to improve and maintain memory consolidation.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA Comparative Study of Performance in the Conners' Continuous Performance Test Between Brazilian and North American Children(Sage Publications Inc, 2008-03-01) Miranda, Monica Carolina [UNIFESP]; Sinnes, Elaine Girao [UNIFESP]; Pompeia, Sabine [UNIFESP]; Amodeo Bueno, Orlando Francisco [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The present study investigated the performance of Brazilian children in the Continuous Performance Test, CPT-II, and compared results to those of the norms obtained in the United States. Method: the U. S. norms were compared to those of a Brazilian sample composed of 6- to 11-year-olds separated into 4 age-groups (half boys) that represented the socioeconomic class distribution of São Paulo City. the children were prescreened for attention deficit disorders (ADHD). Results: Age and gender effects in the Brazilian sample were similar to those previously described. However, the Brazilian sample showed better performance in almost all measures in all age-groups compared to that of the United States. Conclusion: It is discussed that differences between samples probably reflect lack of ADHD screening of the U. S. children. More studies are necessary to determine if the CPT-II is a cross-cultural test with participants from different samples matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status screened for ADHD. (J. of Att. Dis. 2008; 11(5) 588-598)
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Contribuição do Mismatch Negativity na avaliação cognitiva de indivíduos portadores de esclerose múltipla(ABORL-CCF Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, 2006-12-01) Santos, Marco Aurélio Rocha [UNIFESP]; Munhoz, Mário Sérgio Lei [UNIFESP]; Peixoto, Marco Aurélio L.; Haase, Vitor Geraldi; Rodrigues, Jussara L.; Resende, Luciana Macedo de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UFMG Faculdade de Medicina; UFMG Departamento de Psicologia; UFMG; Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo; Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMismatch Negativity is a functional index of the supratemporal auditory cortex. AIM: The aim of the present study on Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was to evaluate if the MMN can be correlated with cognitive deficits assessed by the Paced Auditory Addition Task - PASAT. METHOD: a clinical study in forty females and 20 males separated in two groups: control individuals and those with a definite diagnosis of MS underwent a duration and frequncy MMN. The MMN latencies and negative amplitudes obtained from the MS group were compared to the ones from the control group. The scores from the Paced Auditory Addition Task were correlated either with the presence or the absence of MMN. RESULTS: MMN was found in 60% of the individuals with multiple sclerosis within the auditory stimulation protocol with varied durations, and in 45 % within the auditory stimulation protocol with frequency variations. There were no statistically significant differences in latencies and amplitudes when compared to controls. We found a statistically significant correlation for the lack of MMN wave together with cognitive disorder asserted by the PASAT. CONCLUSIONS: The MMN correlated to the cognitive deficit assessed by the PASAT.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Effects of age and gender on performance on Conners' Continuous Performance Test in Brazilian adolescents(Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio de JaneiroUniversidade de BrasíliaUniversidade de São Paulo, 2013-06-01) Miranda, Mônica Carolina [UNIFESP]; Rivero, Thiago Strahler [UNIFESP]; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The present study analyzed the effects of age and gender on performance on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT II) in a sample of Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years. The sample consisted of 480 participants (210 boys) with a mean age of 14.34 years (SD ± 1.61 years) who were representative of the socioeconomic class distribution of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were prescreened for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The present results found effects of age and gender that were similar to other Brazilian age groups. Compared with males, female participants presented a lower rate of responding to non-target stimuli (i.e., commission errors), a greater ability to discriminate signals (d'), and fewer impulsive responses (i.e., less perseveration) but longer reaction times (Hit RT and Hit RT Std Error). A significant effect of age was found on RTs (Hit RT, Hit RT Sdt Error, Variability, Hit RT Block Change), commission errors, and perseveration. As age increased, the differences diminished. The present results may be useful for research and clinical studies with Brazilian adolescents.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Effects of galantamine on attention and memory in Alzheimer's disease measured by computerized neuropsychological tests: results of the Brazilian Multi-Center Galantamine Study (GAL-BRA-01)(Assoc Arquivos de Neuro- Psiquiatria, 2004-06-01) Caramelli, Paulo; Chaves, Marcia LF; Engelhardt, Eliasz; Machado, Joao Carlos B; Schultz, Rodrigo Rizek [UNIFESP]; Vale, Francisco AC; Charchat-Fichman, Helenice; Brazilian Galantamine Study GRP; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); AURUS IEPE; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: To investigate the effects of galantamine on the performance of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a computerized neuropsychological test battery (CNTB). Method: Thirty-three patients with probable AD were treated with galantamine for three months and evaluated in a prospective, open-label, multi-center study. the CNTB and the ADAS-Cog were administered at baseline and after 12 weeks, the CNTB includes reaction time tests to evaluate attention, implicit and episodic memory for faces and words. Statistical comparisons were performed between the results in week 12 versus baseline. Patients who did not reach the therapeutic doses were excluded from the efficacy analysis. Results: Four patients (12.1%) were excluded from the analysis either because of treatment discontinuation (n=3) or because a therapeutic dose was not reached (n=l). the remaining 29 patients were treated with doses of 24 mg/day (n=22) and 16 mg/day (n=7). After 12 weeks, significant reductions in reaction time were seen in the test of episodic memory for faces (p=0.023) and in the test of two-choice reaction time (p=0.039) of the CNTB. Conclusion: Treatment with galantamine produced improvement in computerized tests of attention and episodic memory after 12 weeks, leading to statistically significant reduction in the reaction times.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEffects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on the performance of rats in a model of visual attention(Elsevier B.V., 2005-11-30) Godoi, FRD; Oliveira, MGM; Tufik, S.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)In the present work we sought to evaluate the effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) on the performance of rats in the five-choice serial reaction time task, a test designed to assess attentional function. Adult male Wistar rats were trained to detect a brief (ls) light stimulus randomly presented in one of five locations in a box specially designed for the task. After achieving stable performance, the animals were submitted to 96 h of sleep deprivation by the platform technique, in which the rats are placed on top of small platforms in a tank filled with water. During sleep, particularly during the paradoxical stage, the loss of muscle tone make the animals fall into the water, thus awakening them and so depriving of sleep. Performance in the task was assessed daily during the 96 h deprivation period and also during seven recovery days afterwards. Paradoxical sleep deprivation reduced accuracy on the on the third (72 h) and fourth (96 h) days of sleep deprivation compared to home-cage controls, and this impairment reverted soon after the beginning of the recovery period. Sleep-deprived animals also showed an increase in omissions in the first day of PSD and a reduction on the number of trials started on the fourth day of sleep deprivation. No significant group differences were observed in premature and perseverative responses, correct response latency and reward latency. Our results thus indicate that paradoxical sleep deprivation impairs attentional function. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosEvaluation of Pupillary Diameter in Preschool Children(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2009-01-01) Lavezzo, Marcelo Mendes; Schellini, Silvana Artioli; Padovani, Carlos Roberto; Hirai, Flavio E. [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ Estadual Paulista; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Few quantitative data exist on pupil diameter, particularly in children. in this article we describe an analysis of pupil diameter and pupil area in normal preschool children during attentive gaze (AG) and spontaneous gaze (SG) using digital imaging. the pupil diameter and pupil area of 200 preschool children aged 4 to 6 years were evaluated. the images were recorded with a digital camera, transferred to a computer, processed by movie software and submitted to the Invert filter of Adobe Photoshop (R) software. Three consecutive measures of pupil diameter and pupil area were taken for both eyes during AG and SG. Arithmetic means of each parameter were calculated and data were expressed in millimeters. Mean pupil diameter was similar for both eyes, presenting values of 4.9 mm during AG and 4.1 mm during SG. Mean pupil area was also similar for both eyes, presenting values of 15.6 mm(2) and 9.1 mm(2) during AG and SG, respectively. There were no differences between boys and girls. However, 6-year-old children showed lower pupil diameter and area under both evaluation conditions.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosIdentification of emotional expressiveness in facial photographs over 36h of extended vigilance in healthy young mena preliminary study(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Ginani, Giuliano Emerenciano [UNIFESP]; Pradella-Hallinan, Márcia Lurdes de Cássia [UNIFESP]; Pompeia, Sabine [UNIFESP]Changes in sleep patterns negatively influence some emotional responses, but their effects on facial expressiveness identification are unclear. To investigate these effects, 21 young, healthy, male volunteers of intermediate chronotype evaluated emotional expressiveness of faces depicting 6 basic emotions in 5 emotional gradients every 4h over 36h of continuous wakefulness. To measure attention and mood we used the Psychomotor Vigilance test and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Expanded, respectively. We found effects of emotional gradient for all types of emotions (100%>80%>60%>40%>20%) during all tested periods, with no indications of circadian effects. The only emotional rating to be affected was disgust, which was progressively blunted throughout the experiment. This effect did not parallel homeostatic and circadian changes in mood, alertness or attention. We conclude that identifying disgust on facial photographs is particularly sensitive to lack of sleep irrespective of sleep-induced changes in mood and attention in males.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)O K-CPT em uma amostra brasileira: descrição do desempenho e comparação com as normas norte-americanas(Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009-01-01) Miranda, Mônica Carolina [UNIFESP]; Sinnes, Elaine Girão [UNIFESP]; Pompéia, Sabine [UNIFESP]; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the performance of a sample of Brazilian children aged 4-5 years on the Conners' Kiddie CPT (K-CPT), a computer-based task used to assess attention and inhibitory control in children. METHODS: Scores of Brazilian children pre-screened for attention disorders were obtained using the K-CPT, and data were compared with North American norms. RESULTS: Age and gender effects on the Brazilian sample were similar to those previously described. However, the lack of screening for attention deficits might have distorted normative scores of the K-CPT in the USA because Brazilian boys and girls had better scores than the North American children in almost all measures. CONCLUSION: The screening procedures used in Brazil, in addition to the previously described age and gender effects on sustained attention, indicate that the results described in the present study constitute appropriate local performance scores and, as such, are useful in the evaluation of pre-school children in Brazil until national norms are established.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosThreat bias in attention orienting: evidence of specificity in a large community-based study(Cambridge Univ Press, 2013-04-01) Salum, G. A.; Mogg, K.; Bradley, B. P.; Gadelha, A. [UNIFESP]; Pan, P. [UNIFESP]; Tamanaha, A. C. [UNIFESP]; Moriyama, T. [UNIFESP]; Graeff-Martins, A. S. [UNIFESP]; Jarros, R. B.; Polanczyk, G.; Rosario, M. C. do [UNIFESP]; Leibenluft, E.; Rohde, L. A.; Manfro, G. G.; Pine, D. S.; Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul; Univ Southampton; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); NIMHBackground. Preliminary research implicates threat-related attention biases in paediatric anxiety disorders. However, major questions exist concerning diagnostic specificity, effects of symptom-severity levels, and threat-stimulus exposure durations in attention paradigms. This study examines these issues in a large, community school-based sample.Method. A total of 2046 children (ages 6-12 years) were assessed using the Development and Well Being Assessment (DAWBA), Childhood Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and dot-probe tasks. Children were classified based on presence or absence of 'fear-related' disorders, 'distress-related' disorders, and behavioural disorders. Two dot-probe tasks, which differed in stimulus exposure, assessed attention biases for happy-face and threat-face cues. the main analysis included 1774 children.Results. for attention bias scores, a three-way interaction emerged among face-cue emotional valence, diagnostic group, and internalizing symptom severity (F=2.87, p<0.05). This interaction reflected different associations between internalizing symptom severity and threat-related attention bias across diagnostic groups. in children with no diagnosis (n=1411, mean difference=11.03, S.E.=3.47, df=1, p<0.001) and those with distress-related disorders (n=66, mean difference=10.63, S.E.=5.24, df=1, p<0.05), high internalizing symptoms predicted vigilance towards threat. However, in children with fear-related disorders (n=86, mean difference=-11.90, S.E.=5.94, df=1, p<0.05), high internalizing symptoms predicted an opposite tendency, manifesting as greater bias away from threat. These associations did not emerge in the behaviour-disorder group (n=211).Conclusions. the association between internalizing symptoms and biased orienting varies with the nature of developmental psychopathology. Both the form and severity of psychopathology moderates threat-related attention biases in children.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosYoga and compassion meditation program improve quality of life and self-compassion in family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients: A randomized controlled trial(Wiley, 2017) Danucalov, Marcello Arias Dias [UNIFESP]; Kozasa, Elisa Harumi [UNIFESP]; Afonso, Rui F.; Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Leite, Jose Roberto [UNIFESP]AimTo investigate the effects of the practice of yoga in combination with compassion meditation on the quality of life, attention, vitality and self-compassion of family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. MethodsA total of 46 volunteers were randomly allocated to two groups, the yoga and compassion meditation program group (n=25), and the control group (CG) that received no treatment (n=21). The program lasted 8 weeks, and comprised three yoga and meditation practices per week, with each session lasting 1h and 15min. Quality of life, attention, vitality, and self-compassion scores were measured pre- and postintervention. ResultsThe yoga and compassion meditation program group showed statistically significant improvements (P<0.05) on quality of life, attention, vitality and self-compassion scores as compared with the control group, which showed no statistical significant differences at the postintervention time-point. ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that an 8-week yoga and compassion meditation program can improve the quality of life, vitality, attention, and self-compassion of family caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017