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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Amenorréia e osteoporose em adolescentes atletas(Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, 2002-09-01) Mantoanelli, Graziela [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The female participation in sports has been increasing over the years. Scientific studies have shown the benefits this practice brings to women's health, but, when it comes to competitive sports, problems may arise. The most common complication described by the literature is the Female Athlete Triad, which involves three processes: the eating disorder, the amenorrhea, and the osteoporosis. In the United States, the amenorrhea afflicts up to 66% of the competition athletes, and some of its possible causes of are: weight loss, excessive training, insufficient quantity of body fat, loss of specific stores of body fat, and inadequate diet. As a consequence of the amenorrhea, the sportswoman may develop precocious osteoporosis. It is not known for sure the percentage of athletes with osteopenia, but there are indications that the lack of estrogen, the inadequate diet, and the insufficient consumption of calcium are factors predisposing them to develop the disease.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAnálise do comportamento da frequência cardíaca no teste de esforço na investigação do risco cardiovascular em avaliação pré-participação de jovens atletas(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-12-20) Goni, Thatiana Carolina Schulze [UNIFESP]; Oliveira Filho, Japy Angelini Oliveira Filho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Purpose: analyze the functioning of the autonomic nervous system represented by the behavior of heart rate (HR) in the recovery of exercise testing (ET) of young athletes emphasizing the importance of this variable as a powerful predictor of mortality. Methods: A survey was condutec with 1,050 records of athletes in the Olympic Training Center and Research. It was evaluated the personal history, family history, symptoms and physical examination was performed at the time of ET. In addition to tabulating and comparing the measurements of maximum HR predicted by age, the maximal HR attained at ET, as well as the HR at the end of the first minute of the recovery phase of the test, were also considered epidemiological evidence of the most common electrocardiographic changes at this population and its athletes profiles, facing the evaluations of the variables of fitness. Results: The HR recovery at the first minute of the recovery phase showed statistically a significant correlation with age. Younger individuals showed faster HR recovery observed in the 1st minute of the recovery phase of the stress test, when compared to the older subjects (r=0.133 and p=0.003 *). There was no association between HR recovery at the first minute of recovery phase and the presence of family history of sudden death (p = 0.400 and confidence interval 95% = [-9.14, 3.65]). The comparison between the change in HR in the first minute of recovery by age and gender showed no significant difference. Conclusions: The HR recovery after exercise testing was associated with age. Younger individuals showed HR recovery after a minute of the end of the effort faster. There was no association between the rate of HR recovery and the presence of family history of sudden death, as well as difference in recovery between genders.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise do SICK Scapula em jogadores de handebol com e sem dor no ombro durante o arremesso(Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte, 2014-07-01) Almeida, Gabriel Peixoto Leão; Silveira, Paula Fiquetti; Rosseto, Nathália Polisello; Barbosa, Gisele; Ejnisman, Benno [UNIFESP]; Cohen, Moises [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do CearáINTRODUCTION:The scapular dyskinesia is defined as a change in scapular position, both dynamic and static, resulting from periscapular imbalances secondary to muscle fatigue, trauma or neurological injury. The SICK Scapula statically evaluates and characterizes the scapular changes, ranging from 0 to 20 (0 = best). This exam addressed three aspects: objective pain, subjective pain and scapular malposition.OBJECTIVE:To compare the SICK Scapula in symptomatic and asymptomatic handball players.METHODS:The sample consisted of 57 handball athletes divided into two groups according to the presence of shoulder pain: asymptomatic group (AG) (N = 27) and symptomatic group (SG) (N = 30). The SICK Scapula score has been reported among athletes, both in relation to the total score and its subscales. The GS had a significantly higher score than the GA (8±2.3 vs. 2.7±1.8; p<0.001).RESULTS:In the subscales, GA and SG also showed significant differences in subjective pain (0 vs. 1.73±0.83, p<0.001), objective pain (0.41±0.64 vs. 2.5±0.86, p<0.001) and scapular malposition (2.3±1.9 vs. 3.7±1.5, p=0.002).CONCLUSION:The handball athletes with throwing-related pain have a higher score with respect to pain and changes of scapular positioning, as assessed by SICK Scapula, compared with those who did not have symptoms.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise dos sintomas de overtraining durante os períodos de treinamento e recuperação: estudo de caso de uma equipe feminina da Superliga de Voleibol 2003/2004(Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte, 2011-12-01) Noce, Franco [UNIFESP]; Costa, Varley Teoldo da; Simim, Mário Antônio de Moura; Castro, Henrique de Oliveira; Samulski, Dietmar Martin; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte Laboratório de Psicologia do Esporte; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Laboratório de Psicologia do EsporteOvertraining is a process involving progressively increased training to a high absolute level that is in excess of more routine training undertaken to maintain performance. However, its excessive increase may impair the physical and mental health of the athlete. The aim of this study was to keep up with levels of stress and recovery of volleyball athletes during the Brazilian Super League 2003/2004. 16 athletes (23,63 ± 6,40 years) were evaluated during two periods, training and rest by answering a stress and recovery questionnaire (RESTQ-Sport-76). Stress levels were measured through the scales 1 to 7 (general stress) and 13 to 15 (stress sports). Its results showed significant differences between perceptions of athletes in all scales (p<0,05) during training and rest. Levels of sports and general recoveries are known through nine scales. In five of them (9, 10, 11, 12 and 16) there were significant differences (p<0,05) and in four, (8, 13, 14 and 15) there were low recovery by the athletes. The conclusion is that RESTQ-Sport-76 was able to assess stress and recovery levels in volleyball athletes and this group demonstrated low recovery during training period.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Comportamento alimentar de risco e estratégias de aprendizagem de adolescentes atletas do sexo masculino(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-08-26) Uzunian, Laura Giron [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Eating behavior is influenced by the model of beauty imposed by society, which praises a thin body for women and the development of muscles for men. In the sports environment it is common to observe trainers and athletes adopting inappropriate dietary practices, in the search for success and the improvement in the sports performance. Those behaviors are considered the precursors of eating disorders and it is believed that they attack from 5% to 10% of male teenagers. The goal of this research was to relate risky eating behavior to the development of eating disorders with the learning strategies, in male teenage athletes in the city of São Paulo. It concerns an observational, prospective, transversal study with non-probabilistic sampling delineation. It involved teenagers with age between 10 to 19 incomplete years, practicing different sports modalities, in training centers in the city of São Paulo. They used self-applicable questionnaires to evaluate economical classification, eating behavior, dissatisfaction with body image and the use of learning strategies. Height and weight were used to calculate the Body Mass Index. The percentage of fat was evaluated by skin folds. The evaluation of sexual maturity was obtained through self-evaluation. The descriptive analysis was detailed through absolute numbers and proportions for categorical data. The quantitative data was presented by the means and standard deviations. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the distribution of data; the Mann whitney to test the heterogeneity between the groups; the chi-square test to compare the categorical data; the t test from Student for independent samples. The logistic regression estimated the values of chance and the respective confidence interval, considering the risky behaviors for the eating disorders. The linear regression verified the magnitude of the body dissatisfaction scale with the respective independent variables. The “software” Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to calculate. It was adopted the level of significance of p≤0,05. 246 teenagers were evaluated, with a medium age of 13,72±2,23 years old, the majority was in the stages G3 and G4 of sexual maturity, they were eutrophic and belonged to the economical class B. The prevalence of risky eating behavior for restriction was of 10,6% and for compulsion 22,8%. Individuals with a risky eating behavior for eating disorders showed higher dissatisfaction with body image. The medium score for the learning strategies scale was of 87,87±9,20 points. There was statistical association between the risky eating behavior for restriction and eating compulsion, with the learning strategies. The prevalence of risky eating behaviors for eating disorders is high, for restriction as well as for eating compulsion. Besides, there was a relation between eating behavior and the scale of learning strategies, suggesting that the repertoire of leaning strategies can exert protection against the development of eating alterations. The overweight and obese teenagers presented higher possibility of developing compulsion and the eutrophic to eating restriction, not being found an association between learning strategies and pubertal development.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Dependência de exercício físico: humor, qualidade de vida em atletas amadores e profissionais(Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte, 2009-10-01) Modolo, Vladimir Bonilha [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Gimenez, Paula Regina Borba de [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Antunes, Hanna Karen Moreira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The purpose of this study was to verify if there are differences between exercise dependence (ED), mood and quality of life scores in professional and amateur athletes of individual and collective sport modalities. METHODS: 116 male athletes of collective sport modalities (n=60, 20 professionals and 40 amateurs) and individual sport modalities (n=56, 16 professionals and 40 amateurs) participated in this study. Age, height, weight, BMI mean (± standard-deviation) were: 22.13 ± 6.16 years; 1.77 ± 0.10 cm; 72.76 ± 10.04 kg and 23.10 ± 2.04 kg/m², respectively. The athletes answered the following questionnaires: Exercise Dependence scale (EDE), Beck Depression Inventory, Trait and State of Anxiety - IDATE, POMS - profile of mood states, SF-36 Questionnaire of Quality of Life. The study was approved by the Ethics in Research Committee of UNIFESP (#0616/06). RESULTS: Amateur and professional athletes presented similar scores of ED, but when the kind of modality was considered, the amateurs of collective modalities presented higher scores than professional athletes. CONCLUSION: Amateur and professional athletes of collective and individual sport modalities answered differently to ED, and the sports modality and competitive and social involvement could be determinant. Moreover, it is possible to conclude that professional athletes of collective sports present better profile of mood and quality of life when compared with professional athletes of individual sports when compared with amateur athletes from collective or individual sport modalities.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estratégias de coping em atletas de futebol feminino: estudo comparativo(Soc Brasileira Med Esporte, 2016) Rossi, Matheus Rizzato; Vitorino, Luciano Magalhaes [UNIFESP]; Salles, Ricardo Pombo; Oliveira Cortez, Paulo JoseIntroduction: High-performance athletes suffer a series of psychological disorders that can harm their overall performance. With the high levels of competitiveness and physical/tactical training that are required today, coping strategies to overcome these psychological disorders can make the difference between a winning team and a losing team. Objective: To compare coping strategies among high-performance athletes and amateur women's soccer players. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, non-probability study. The sample consisted of 56 athletes, divided into two groups: G1 - high-performance athletes and G2 - amateur women's soccer players. The instrument used was the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI - 28), validated for Brazil (ACSI - 25BR) and a demographic questionnaire containing 12 questions, developed by the authors themselves. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Student t test for independent data were used. A confidence level of 95% was adopted. Results: The high performance athletes had higher average scores, which were statistically significant, comparing to the amateur athletes, in the dimensions: "performance under pressure"(p= 0.048), "concentration"(p= 0.020) and "confidence/motivation"(p= 0.009). Conclusion: The high performance athletes performed better in all dimensions except for "trainability" and "freedom from worry", when compared to the amateur athletes.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Incidência da sindrome pré-menstrual na prática de esportes(Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte, 2009-10-01) David, Alexandra Martins [UNIFESP]; Di Bella, Zsuzsana Jármi [UNIFESP]; Berenstein, Eliezer; Lopes, Antonio Carlos [UNIFESP]; Vaisberg, Mauro [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Faculdade de Medicina ABCDespite the increasing number of women who practice physical exercise, there are still few reports concerned with anatomy, psychology and mainly hormones that could affect their performance. Although there is a multitude of articles about the effects of physical exercise in menstruation, only a few of them report how this function interferes in women's performance. The association physical exercise - menstruation has been studied but without considering the changes during the cycle, the perimenstrual symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this article was to investigate the incidence and periodicity of pre-menstrual symptoms in athletes. A daily questionnaire was applied with the aim to follow the pre-menstrual symptoms during a period of 3 consecutive months. The population of the study was composed by 31 female athletes in fertile age. RESULTS: The prevalence of PMS in athletes was of 71% and the mainly reported symptoms were irritability (86.5%), mood swings (77.3%) and cramps (72.7%). Other symptoms were reported by 59% of the athletes during the pre-menstrual period. CONCLUSION: Our data show a high prevalence of PMS among athletes.