Navegando por Palavras-chave "antibiotics"
Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10
Resultados por página
Opções de Ordenação
- ItemSomente MetadadadosAqueous Humor Penetration and Biological Activity of Moxifloxacin 0.5% Ophthalmic Solution Alone or with Dexamethasone 0.1%(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2017) Gomes, Rachel L. R. [UNIFESP]; Viana, Rodrigo Galvao; Melo, Luiz Alberto S., Jr. [UNIFESP]; Cruz, Alessandro Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Suenaga, Eunice Mayumi [UNIFESP]; Kenyon, Kenneth R.; Campos, Mauro [UNIFESP]Purpose: To compare aqueous humor concentrations of topically applied moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution alone or in combination with dexamethasone 0.1% and to correlate these concentrations with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for common endophthalmitis-causing organisms. Methods: Sixty-eight patients undergoing routine phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation received either moxifloxacin 0.5% alone or moxifloxacin 0.5% combined with dexamethasone. For both groups, 1 drop of the test solution was instilled 4 times daily 1 day preoperatively and 1 drop 1 h preoperatively. An aqueous humor sample obtained immediately before paracentesis was submitted to high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to determine the moxifloxacin concentration. Results: The mean concentrations of moxifloxacin were 986.6 ng/mL in the moxifloxacin with dexamethasone group and 741.3 ng/mL in the moxifloxacin group (P = 0.13). Moxifloxacin concentrations of all samples exceeded the MICs for Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. All samples in the moxifloxacin with dexamethasone group and 94% in the moxifloxacin group achieved the MIC for Enterococcus species. For quinolone-resistant S. aureus, the MIC was achieved in 29% in the moxifloxacin with dexamethasone group and 9% in the moxifloxacin group (P = 0.06). Conclusion: Aqueous humor moxifloxacin concentrations were higher when topically administrated in combination with dexamethasone compared to the moxifloxacin alone. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Nevertheless, the MICs of the most common pathogens associated with endophthalmitis were exceeded in both study groups.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA comparison of moxifloxacin and amoxicillin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in Latin America: results of a multicenter clinical trial(Ediciones Doyma S/l, 2003-09-01) Jardim, José Roberto [UNIFESP]; Rico, G.; la Roza, C. de; Obispo, E.; Urueta, J.; Wolff, M.; Miravitlles, M.; Grp Estudio Latinoamer CAP 5; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Ctr Med Nacl La Raza; Hosp Clin Barcelona; Hosp Gen Tijuana; INER; Fdn ArriaranSince community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease with a high morbidity rate, it is important to obtain information concerning its etiology and susceptibility to antibiotics across different geographic areas. This study presents data obtained in 5 Latin American counties in the course of an international clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of treatment with either moxifloxacin or amoxicillin administered for 10 days to patients suspected of having CAP caused by a pneumococcal infection. Details are given of the pathogens identified, the patterns of sensitivity to antibiotics observed, and the clinical and microbiological results obtained.A total of 84 patients were studied, of whom 70 (83.3%) were evaluated at the end of the trial to determine the efficacy and safety of the treatment received. Gram-positive bacteria were found in samples from 29 patients (80.5%). the pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae in 28 of those cases (77.7%). Gram-negative bacteria were found in 7 patients (19.4%), the most common being Haemophilus influenzae in 3 patients (8.3%). the presence of atypical microorganisms was detected in 18 of the 70 patients (25%), mainly Mycobacterium pneumoniae (n = 11), and in 6 cases (8.5%) the infection was mixed. Ten strains of S. pneumoniae (35.7%) were shown to be susceptible to penicillin, 2 (7.1%) were highly resistant, and 16 (57.1%) showed moderate resistance. the clinical success rate at the final visit after treatment was 94.1% for moxifloxacin and 91.7% for amoxicillin. the results of this trial demonstrate a high prevalence of S. pneamoniae with reduced susceptibility to penicillin in patients with CAP in Latin America. It also revealed a high incidence of atypical pathogens and mixed infection in 8.6% of patients. This information should be taken into account when establishing protocols for empirical treatment of CAP in Latin America.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosControlled transscleral drug delivery formulations to the eye: establishing new concepts and paradigms in ocular anti-inflammatory therapeutics and antibacterial prophylaxis(Informa Healthcare, 2010-08-01) Paganelli, Fernando [UNIFESP]; Cardillo, Jose A. [UNIFESP]; Dare, Alessandro R. J.; Melo, Luiz A. S. [UNIFESP]; Lucena, David R.; Silva, Arnobio A.; Oliveira, Anselmo G.; Pizzolitto, Antonio C.; Lavinsky, Daniel [UNIFESP]; Skaf, Mirian; Souza-Filho, Acacio A. [UNIFESP]; Hofling-Lima, Ana L. [UNIFESP]; Nguyen, Quan Dong; Kuppermann, Baruch D.; Herrero-Vanrell, Rocio; Belfort, Rubens [UNIFESP]; Brazilian Ocular Pharmacoloy & Pha; Hosp Olhos Araraquara; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Araraquara UNIARA; São Paulo State Univ UNESP; Johns Hopkins Univ; Univ Calif Irvine; Univ ComplutenseImportance of the field: the use of topical agents poses unique and challenging hurdles for drug delivery. Topical steroids effectively control ocular inflammation, but are associated with the well-recognized dilemma of patient compliance. Although administration of topical antimicrobials as prophylaxis is acceptable among ophthalmologists, this common practice has no sound evidence base Developing a new antimicrobial agent or delivery strategy with enhanced penetration by considering the anatomical and physiological constraints exerted by the barriers of the eye is not a commonly perceived strategy. Exploiting the permeability of the sclera, subconjunctival routes may offer a promising alternative for enhanced drug delivery and tissue targeting.Area covered in this review: Ocular drug delivery strategies were reviewed for ocular inflammation and infections clinically adopted for newer class of antimicrobials, which use a multipronged approach to limit risks of endophthalmitis.What the reader will gain: the analysis substantiates a new transscleral drug delivery therapeutic approach for cataract surgery.Take home message: A new anti-inflammatory and anti-infective paradigm that frees the patient from the nuisance of topical therapeutics is introduced, opening a large investigative avenue for future improved therapies.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Influência da presença do surfactante nos mesoporos da MCM-41 no processo de adsorção de antibióticos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-10-16) Silva, Beatriz Regina de [UNIFESP]; Felisbino, Romilda Fernandez [UNIFESP]; Longo Junior, Luiz Sidney [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9392374995527820; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6117083445205729; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7702427220611500A presença de antibiótico em baixas quantidades em meios hídricos provoca a modificação genética das bactérias, gerando as denominadas superbactérias. Esse fato se torna um problema de saúde pública porque leva à necessidade de tratamento com antibióticos de alto custo. A família das tetraciclinas é um antibiótico amplamente utilizado que gera muitos resíduos devido a sua baixa metabolização. Existem diversos processos químicos e físicos para remoção destes micropoluentes, como a oxidação química, troca iônica, biodegradação, as técnicas de adsorção e extração por membrana, etc. O processo de adsorção é um método bastante eficaz na remoção de poluentes presentes em baixas concentrações, além disso, apresenta a vantagem de baixo custo e fácil operação. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as influências da presença do surfactante brometo de hexadeciltrimetilamônio (CTMABr) nos mesoporos da sílica mesoporosa Al-MCM-41 na adsorção do cloreto de tetraciclina (TC). A sílica Al-MCM-41 sintetizada com Si/Al de 10,5 foi caracterizada por DRX, fisissorção de N2, Espectroscopia de absorção na região do IV, termogravimetria (TG/DTG) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET). Os experimentos de adsorção foram realizados em batelada e as concentrações de TC foram analisadas por espectrofotometria de UV-Vis. Os resultados mostram que o sólido com a presença do surfactante nos mesoporos apresenta boa capacidade de adsorção de TC e o modelo de pseudo-segunda-ordem e de Freundlich se ajustaram melhor aos dados experimentais. Os parâmetros termodinâmicos mostram que o processo é espontâneo à temperatura ambiente, exotérmico e apresenta uma fraca interação da tetraciclina com a superfície do adsorvente.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Nosocomial diarrhea in the intensive care unit(Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 2006-12-01) Marcon, Ana Paula [UNIFESP]; Gamba, Mônica Antar [UNIFESP]; Vianna, Lucila Amaral Carneiro [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)We made an epidemiological case-control study to examine risk factors for the development of diarrhea in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a public hospital in Santo André, SP, from January to October 2002. Forty-nine patients with diarrhea (cases) and 49 patients without diarrhea (controls), matched for age and gender, were included in the study. A stool culture and enzyme immunoassays for Clostridium difficile toxins A and B were performed on fecal specimens from diarrhea patients. Fourteen of them presented positive cultures for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 22 patients presented positive ELISA for Clostridium diffícile. Nosocomial diarrhea was associated with several factors, including use of antibiotics (P=0.001), use of ceftriaxone (P=0.001), presence of infection (P=0.010) and length of hospital stay (P=0.0001).
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPharmacoeconomic study of antibiotic therapy for exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Latin America(Ediciones Doyma S/l, 2003-12-01) Miravitlles, M.; Jardim, José Roberto [UNIFESP]; Zitto, T.; Rodrigues, J. E.; Lopez, H.; Hosp Clin Barcelona; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Buenos AiresChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis are highly prevalent diseases. Studies designed to analyze the economic impact of these diseases in Latin American countries have not previously been published. in the present study we analyzed the direct health care costs of treating patients with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela, applying the real cost of drugs and medical acts in those 7 countries to the pattern of treatment and outcomes obtained from a study carried out in primary care settings in Spain. the mean direct health care cost ranged from US $98 in Colombia to $329 in Argentina. Most of the cost was related to failure of therapy, which accounted for 52% of the total cost of exacerbation, with the lowest rate in Colombia at 28.6% and the highest in Ecuador at 59.3% the cost of antibiotic therapy represented 19% of the total cost; the rest was owing to other drugs or medical visits.Exacerbations generate significant costs for health care systems. There are considerable variations related mainly to differences between systems. Antibiotic therapy represents a small part of the overall cost. the use of more effective antibiotics, if they can reduce failure rates, may be a cost-effective strategy.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPrevalence, Severity, and Treatment of Recurrent Wheezing During the First Year of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study of 12,405 Latin American Infants(Korean Acad Asthma Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2016) Mallol, Javier; Sole, Dirceu [UNIFESP]; Garcia-Marcos, Luis; Rosario, Nelson; Aguirre, Viviana; Chong, Herberto; Urrutia-Pereira, Marilyn; Szulman, Gabriela; Niederbacher, Jurg; Arruda-Chavez, Erika; Toledo, Eliana; Sanchez, Lillian; Pinchak, CatalinaPurpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of recurrent wheezing (RW) defined as 3 episodes of wheezing, risk factors, and treatments prescribed during the first year of life in Latin American infants. Methods: In this international, cross-sectional, and community-based study, parents of 12,405 infants from 11 centers in 6 South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Uruguay) completed a questionnaire about wheezing and associated risk/protective factors, asthma medications, and the frequency of and indications for the prescription of antibiotics and paracetamol during the first year of life. Results: The prevalence of RW was 16.6% (95% Cl 16.0-17.3)
- ItemSomente MetadadadosPrevalence, Severity, and Treatment of Recurrent Wheezing During the First Year of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study of 12,405 Latin American Infants(Korean Acad Asthma Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2016) Mallol, Javier; Sole, Dirceu [UNIFESP]; Garcia-Marcos, Luis; Rosario, Nelson; Aguirre, Viviana; Chong, Herberto; Urrutia-Pereira, Marilyn; Szulman, Gabriela; Niederbacher, Jurg; Arruda-Chavez, Erika; Toledo, Eliana; Sanchez, Lillian; Pinchak, CatalinaPurpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of recurrent wheezing (RW) defined as 3 episodes of wheezing, risk factors, and treatments prescribed during the first year of life in Latin American infants. Methods: In this international, cross-sectional, and community-based study, parents of 12,405 infants from 11 centers in 6 South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Uruguay) completed a questionnaire about wheezing and associated risk/protective factors, asthma medications, and the frequency of and indications for the prescription of antibiotics and paracetamol during the first year of life. Results: The prevalence of RW was 16.6% (95% Cl 16.0-17.3)
- ItemSomente MetadadadosShiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in drinking water supplies of north Parana State, Brazil(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-04-01) Lascowski, K. M. S. [UNIFESP]; Guth, B. E. C. [UNIFESP]; Martins, F. H.; Rocha, S. P. D.; Irino, K.; Pelayo, J. S.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Adolfo Lutz InstAim To determine the occurrence and characteristics of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in drinking water supplies treated and untreated. Methods and Results Drinking water samples (n=1850) were collected from 41 municipalities in the north of Parana State between February 2005 and January 2006. Escherichia coli isolates (n=300) were recovered from water and investigated for the presence of virulence markers related to STEC by PCR. STEC isolates recovered were then characterized for both phenotypic and genotypic traits. A total of 12 isolates (11 from untreated water and one from treated water) were positive for stx, including five positive for both stx1 and stx2, two positive for stx1 and five positive for stx2. None of the STEC isolates contained eae, but other virulence genes were observed such as ehxA (100%), saa (100%), lpfAO113 (75%), iha (42%), subAB (25%) and cdtV (8%). Multidrug resistance was identified in 25% of the STEC isolates. the 12 STEC isolates belonged to seven distinct serotypes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing revealed the presence of two clusters and two clones in this region. Conclusion Drinking water, especially from untreated water supplies, can be source of STEC strains potentially pathogenic for humans. Significance and Impact of the Study the investigation of the drinking water supplies for pathogenic E.coli, as STEC, may be useful to prevent waterborne outbreaks.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosSinusitis in children(Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 1999-01-01) Naspitz, Charles Kirov [UNIFESP]; Neffen, H. E.; Baena-Cagnani, Carlos E.; Fabbri, L.; Holgate, S.; OByrne, P.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Physicians caring for children must recognize that children do indeed develop acute and chronic infections of their sinuses with signs and symptoms that may be quite different from those of adults. The lack of classical signs and symptoms of sinusitis in children, particularly in the very young, is well recognized. Acute sinusitis occurs as a complication of approximately 0.5% of common colds. If one considers that children have an average of six to eight colds a year, sinusitis may be regarded as a frequently encountered disease. The paranasal sinuses appear radiologically at different age periods in children, and it is important to note that there is much variation in the shape and size of the sinuses at all ages. The pathogenesis of sinusitis usually involves blockage of the ostia, which can be initiated by infection, allergy, structural abnormalities, or any edema of the nasal mucosa. The most commonly found pathogens of sinusitis in children are similar to those found in adults. The diagnosis of sinusitis is based on a clinical history, physical examination, laboratory results, and imaging studies. Standard radiographs are still the most frequently used radiologic modality for evaluating sinus disease. However, computed tomography is the gold standard for the precise delineation of inflammatory sinus disease. Sinusitis in children is associated with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. In asthmatic children, there is an improvement of asthmatic symptoms and pulmonary function following diagnosis and optimal treatment of concomitant sinusitis.