Navegando por Palavras-chave "aging"

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    Aerobic exercise reduces hippocampal ERK and p38 activation and improves memory of middle-aged rats
    (Wiley, 2017) Cardoso, Fabrizio dos Santos; Franca, Erivelton Fernandes; Serra, Fernando Tadeu; Victorino, Angelica Begatti [UNIFESP]; de Almeida, Alexandre Aparecido [UNIFESP]; Fernandes, Jansen [UNIFESP]; Cabral, Francisco Romero; Venancio, Daniel Paulino; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; da Silva, Sergio Gomes
    Aging is often accompanied by cognitive decline, memory impairment, and an increased susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders. Although the physiological processes of aging are not fully understood, these age-related changes have been interpreted by means of various cellular and molecular theories. Among these theories, alterations in the intracellular signaling pathways associated with cell growth, proliferation, and survival have been highlighted. Based on these observations and on recent evidence showing the beneficial effects of exercise on cognitive function in the elderly, we investigated the cell signaling pathways in the hippocampal formation of middle-aged rats (18months old) submitted to treadmill exercise over 10 days. To do this, we evaluated the hippocampal activation of intracellular signaling proteins linked to cell growth, proliferation, and survival, such as Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, ERK, CREB, and p38. We also explored the cognitive performance (inhibitory avoidance) of middle-aged rats. It was found that physical exercise reduces ERK and p38 activation in the hippocampal formation of aged rats, when compared to the control group. The hippocampal activation and expression of Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and CREB were not statistically different between the groups. It was also observed that aged rats from the exercise group exhibited better cognitive performance in the inhibitory avoidance task (aversive memory) than aged rats from the control group. Our results indicate that physical exercise reduces intracellular signaling pathways linked to inflammation and cell death (i.e., ERK and p38) and improves memory in middle-aged rats.
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    Age-associated mosaicism and polyploidy in Down's syndrome
    (Elsevier B.V., 1998-01-12) Borsatto, B.; Arruda, M. de; Smith, C.; Garcez, EMDM; Peres, C. A.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Age-related increases in the frequencies of cells with chromosome 21 loss and of polyploid cells were documented in short-term peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures from 54 patients with Down's syndrome (DS), ages 0 to 48 years. the polyploid data, together with previous work from this laboratory with non-DS subjects, suggest that this may be a useful indicator of aging in lymphocytes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
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    Age-related mitochondrial DNA point mutations in patients with mitochondrial myopathy
    (Elsevier B.V., 2007-12-15) Costa, Carina K. da [UNIFESP]; Kiyomoto, Beatriz H. [UNIFESP]; Schmidt, Beny [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Acary S. B. [UNIFESP]; Gabbai, Alberto Alain [UNIFESP]; Tengan, Celia H. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Mutations in the control region (D-loop) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been described in normal old individuals and it is suggested that they originated from oxidative damage. Respiratory chain defects may lead to increased free radical generation, increased susceptibility to oxidative damage and further increased accumulation of age-related mutations. the objective of this study was to verify whether patients with a mitochondrial disease are more predisposed to accumulate the A189G and T408A mutations in the D-loop and confirm their age-associated nature. We evaluated the presence and levels of heteroplasmy of these two mutations in muscle DNA of 52 individuals with different ages (21 age-matched controls and 31 patients with single or multiple mtDNA deletions). the frequency of both mutations was significantly increased with age, but no differences were observed comparing the group of patients with their age-matched controls. We could not observe correlation of levels of heteroplasmy with age. Our results confirm the age-related nature of the A189G and T408A mutations in the D-loop in controls and patients with mitochondrial disease, but do not suggest that patients are more predisposed to the development of age-related point mutations. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Agiong-related changes of intracellular Ca2+ stores and contractile response of intestinal smooth muscle
    (Elsevier B.V., 2006-01-01) Lopes, G. S.; Ferreira, A. T.; Oshiro, M. E.; Vladmirova, I; Jurkiewicz, N. H.; Jurkiewicz, A.; Smaili, Soraya Soubhi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Bogomoletz Inst Phys
    In this study, we investigated the effect of aging on intracellular Ca2+ stores, as sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) and mitochondria, and the influence of these compartments on contraction of rat colon smooth muscle [Bitar, K.N., 2003. Aging and neural control of the GI tract V. Aging and gastrointestinal smooth muscle: from signal transduction to contractile proteins. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver. Physiol. 284(1), G1-G7; Marijic, J., Li, Q.X., Song, M., Nishimaru, K., Stefani, E., Toro, L., 2001. Decreased expression of voltage-and Ca2+-activated K+ channels in coronary smooth muscle during aging. Circ. Res. 88, 210-234; Rubio, C., Moreno, A., Briones, A. Ivorra, M.D., D'Ocon, P., Vila, E., 2002. Alterations by age of calcium handling in rat resistance arteries. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 40(6), 832-840]. Calcium stores and contraction were evaluated by simultaneous measurements of fluorescence and tension in smooth muscle strips loaded with fura-2. Results showed that activation of muscarinic receptors by methylcholine (MCh, 10 mu M), induced a greater contraction in aged rats than in adult animals. the inhibition of Ca2+ ATPase by thapsigargin (TG, 1 mu M) did not prevent the refilling of SR either in adult or aged rats. MCh, in the presence of TG, induced an increase in transient fluorescence, indicating a release of Ca2+ from TG-insensitive compartment. the mitochondrial uncoupler, FCCP (5 mu M), caused a greater increase in intracellular Ca2+ and tension in aged rats, indicating that mitochondria may accumulate more Ca2+ during aging. the present results show that changes in intracellular Ca2+ stores, such as mitochondria and SR, affect contraction and may cause dysfunctions during aging that could culminate in severe alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis and cell damage.
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    Alcohol and tobacco consumption concordance and its correlates in older couples in Latin America
    (Wiley, 2017) Alves Machado, Mayra Pires [UNIFESP]; Opaleye, Davi Camara [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Tiago Veiga; Padilla, Ivan [UNIFESP]; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Prince, Martin; Ferri, Cleusa Pinheiro [UNIFESP]
    AimAs little is known about alcohol and tobacco consumption concordance between older spouses in low- and middle-income countries, the present study aimed to estimate this in older couples from five Latin American countries. MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of data collected between 2003 and 2007 by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group, from 1451 couples aged over 65 years from Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Peru, Mexico and Puerto Rico. Kappa statistic was used to assess the agreement of the behavior beyond chance, and logistic regression models with meta-analyses were used to estimate the factors associated with concordance. ResultsThe mean age of the total sample was 74.8 years (SD 6.6). The results showed high levels of agreement rates in relation to drinking and smoking (75.9% and 85% of couples, respectively, did not drink or smoke), which were beyond the agreement expected by chance. Increased age was associated with concordance on both being non-drinkers (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05) and non-smokers (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.07); and having a larger social network was associated with less likelihood of the couple being non-drinkers (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98). Attending religious meetings was associated with increased likelihood of the couple being non-smokers (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.41). Socioeconomic circumstances were not associated with couples' concordance. ConclusionsOlder Latin American couples have high levels of concordance in drinking and smoking habits, which increases with age, and were not associated with socioeconomic circumstances, but were with social network. This knowledge can assist the development of policies and interventions to promote health among this growing population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1849-1857.
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    Análise quantitativa das fibras mielínicas dos nervos laríngeos em humanos de acordo com a idade
    (ABORL-CCF Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, 2008-02-01) Tiago, Romualdo Suzano Louzeiro [UNIFESP]; Pontes, Paulo Augusto de Lima [UNIFESP]; Brasil, Osiris de Oliveira Campones do [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    INTRODUCTION AND AIM: To carry out a morphometric analysis of myelinic fibers in laryngeal nerves aiming to identify quantitative changes as a result of aging. Study design: Clinical and experimental. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 1cm fragment was collected from the superior laryngeal nerves and recurrent laryngeal nerves taken from twelve male cadavers. The sample was divided into two groups: those aged below 60 years (Adult) and those aged 60 years or more (Elderly). The material was evaluated under light microscopy coupled with an image analysis system. RESULTS: The total number of myelinic fibers from the superior laryngeal nerve was similar in both age groups; there was, however, a trend for a higher number of 1μm fibers in the adult group (p=0.0744). The adult group had a higher total number of myelinic fibers in the recurrent laryngeal nerve (p=0.0006), and this difference was seen in fibers with diameters betwee 1-3μm (p<0.007). The adult group had a higher total number of myelinic fibers in the laryngeal nerves (sum of superior laryngeal nerves and recurrent laryngeal nerves fibers) compared to the elderly group (p<0.0091). CONCLUSION:The total number of myelinic fibers in laryngeal nerves is higher for the group aged below 60 years.
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    ANALYSIS of SNAP25 mRNA EXPRESSION and PROMOTER DNA METHYLATION in BRAIN AREAS of ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE PATIENTS
    (Elsevier B.V., 2012-09-18) Furuya, T. K. [UNIFESP]; Silva, P. N. O. [UNIFESP]; Payao, S. L. M. [UNIFESP]; Bertolucci, P. H. F. [UNIFESP]; Rasmussen, L. T.; De Labio, R. W.; Braga, I. L. S. [UNIFESP]; Chen, E. S. [UNIFESP]; Turecki, G.; Mechawar, N.; Mill, J.; Smith, M. A. C. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Fac Med Marilia FAMEMA; McGill Univ; Kings Coll London; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people. the presynaptic terminal is an important site of pathological changes in AD, leading to synaptic loss in specific brain regions, such as in the cortex and hippocampus. in this study, we investigated synaptosomal-associated protein, 25-kDa (SNAP25) mRNA levels and promoter DNA methylation in post mortem brain tissues (entorhinal and auditory cortices and hippocampus) from healthy elderly and AD subjects as well as in peripheral blood leukocytes of young, healthy elderly and AD patients. mRNA quantification was performed by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) using the Delta Delta C-T method and promoter DNA methylation was quantified by mass spectrometry using the Sequenom EpiTYPER platform. We observed a significant decrease in SNAP25 expression in AD across all the three brain regions in relation to the healthy elderly subjects, suggesting impairment in synaptic function. the changes in the auditory cortex reflected those observed in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, the primary areas affected in AD. However, no AD-associated differences in SNAP25 promoter DNA methylation were observed suggesting that other mechanisms may be involved in mediating the observed gene expression changes. (C) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Antioxidant defense in rat brain after chronic treatment with anorectic drugs
    (Elsevier B.V., 1995-11-15) DAlmeida, V; Camarini, R.; Azzalis, L. A.; Mattei, R.; Junqueira, VBC; Carlini, E. A.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Mazindol (5-hydroxy-5-p-chlorophenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-isoindole) although not chemically related to the phenylethylamine group, shows a pharmacological profile similar to that of amphetamines. in rats these anorectic drugs enhance dopamine (DA) turnover, which is the mechanism that causes anorexia. It has been hypothesized that amphetamine causes a long-lasting depletion of DA, a decrease of dopaminergic transport pumps and nerve terminal degeneration increasing. These actions provide a cellular environment encouraging the autoxidation of DA that may lead to lipid peroxidation and neuronal damage. Considering that both drugs may cause neuronal damage by oxidative mechanisms, this study was conducted to investigate the action of mazindol and methamphetamine on brain cell antioxidant defense system and to investigate whether animal age is important in the antioxidant response to chronic anorectic administration. the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as the total glutathione (GSH) content in brains of rats, were measured. the animals (2 groups with 5 and 18 months old) were treated for 5 months (i.p.) with mazindol (10 mg/kg body weight/day), methamphetamine (2.5 mg/kg body weight/day) or saline. the results obtained showed no differences between SOD, CAT, GPx activities and GSH content in the brain of animals treated with saline compared with both drugs, either in 10-month or 23-month groups. On the other hand, brain total GSH content of old animals was found to be lower than that from young ones, independent of the treatment. SOD activity was found to be increased, CAT unchanged and GPx decreased, in the brain of old animals, treated with both drugs or saline. These findings led us to conclude that the chronic administration of mazindol and methamphetamine have no effects on the antioxidant systems studied either in young (10 months) or in old (23 months) rats.
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    Aspectos morfométricos do nervo hipoglosso humano em adultos e idosos
    (ABORL-CCF Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, 2005-10-01) Tiago, Romualdo Suzano Louzeiro [UNIFESP]; Faria, Flavio Paulo de [UNIFESP]; Pontes, Paulo Augusto de Lima [UNIFESP]; Brasil, Osíris de Oliveira Camponês do [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    AIM: Perform a morphometric analysis of the myelinic fibers of the right hypoglossal nerve, in two age groups; to verify quantitative changes as a result of the aging process. STUDY DESIGN: anatomic. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A 1cm fragment of the right hypoglossal nerve was collected from 12 male corpses without any medical history of diseases such as: diabetes, alcoholism, and malignant neoplasia. The sample was divided in two groups: group with six corpses under sixty years old (adult), and another group with six corpses sixty years old or above (elderly). The material was fixed at 2.5% glutaldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde solution; post-fixed at 2% osmium tetroxide; dehydrated with increasing ethanol concentrations, and included in epoxy resin. Semi-thin sections of 0.3µm were obtaining, colored in 1% toluidine blue, and evaluated with light microscope combined with image analyzing system. The following morphometric data were quantified: intraperineural transversal section area, number, and diameter of the myelinic fibers. RESULTS: The intraperineural area of the hypoglossal nerve was similar in both age groups (p=0.8691). The average area in the adult group was 1.697mm² and in the elderly group it was 1.649mm². The total number of myelinic fibers of the hypoglossal nerve was similar in both age groups (p=0.9018). The adult group presented an average of 10,286 ± 2,308 myelinic fibers, and the elderly group presented an average of 10,141 ± 1,590 myelinic fibers. A bimodal distribution of the myelinic fibers was observed, with a significant peak on the 9µm fibers, and another smaller peak on the 2µm fibers. CONCLUSION: The intraperineural area and the total number of myelinic fibers of the right hypoglossal nerve are similar in both age groups.
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    Associação entre noctúria e quedas: resultados de um estado populacional em idosos do sexo masculino no município de São Paulo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009-02-27) Rustom Júnior, Jorge Salim [UNIFESP]; Dambros, Miriam [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    To evaluate the association between nocturia and falls in a group of communityliving elderly men in the city of São Paulo (Brazil). Methods: Under the coordination of the Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization, a multicenter study named Health, Welfare and Aging (SABE Study) is being conducted to evaluate the living and health conditions of older people in Latin America and Caribbean. In Brazil, this study is evaluating the elderly population (60 years or more) in São Paulo since 2000. In each cycle of participants evaluations, the data are collected simultaneously, by an average of houses chosen for interviews conduction, using a standardized instrument composed of eleven thematic sessions: personal, cognitive status, health status, functional status, medications, use and access to services, network of social support, and family and occupational history. A detailed description of the methodology used is available in the PAHO website. To develop this study, the sessions A (personal data) and C (health status) were used. The presence of nocturia was taken to be a independent dichotomous variable, and this was ascertained as the response “yes” to the question “Do you need to void three times or more at night?” .The presence of falls was also taken to be a dependent dichotomous variable, and this was ascertained as the response “yes” to the question “Did you have any fall during the last 12 months?” For both questions, the categories “Does not know” and “No response” were disregarded and were then considered to be missing values. The subjects were divided into five groups according to age (60-64 years, 65-69 years, 70-74 years, 75-79 years and 80 years or more). The intergroup analysis used was the logistic regression. Results: 865 men were interviewed, mean age 68 years. It was observed high prevalence of nocturia and falls in all groups, with higher prevalence of both in the eldest group (p <0.001). However, the association of nocturia and falls was not statistically significant in any of the groups (p = 0.45). This is one of the pioneering studies that assess only the male population, showing that nocturia was not significantly associated with falls. However, it was observed high prevalence of nocturia and falls in all groups of participants, especially in men older than 80 years. It is suggested that nocturia is a common symptom in the elderly, but nocturnal micturition does not increase the prevalence of falls in this group. Conclusion: Nocturia and falls are highly prevalent conditions in the elderly, but no association was found between both, so that these variables may be correlated to age and other clinical conditions.
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    Atividade física no lazer e sua relação com a evolução da capacidade funcional de idosos que vivem em comunidade
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019) Ribeiro, Maria Claudia Martins [UNIFESP]; Ramos, Luiz Roberto [UNIFESP]; Sañudo, Adriana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1676711953464613; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3798829566782422; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1152614954155366; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon and the Brazilian population is aging at a higher speed than the world average. By 2025, Brazil will have the 6th largest elderly population in the world with 32 million people over the age of 60 years. During aging, the high prevalence of chronic diseases increases the loss of functional capacity, an important indicator of health. There is evidence that physical activity reduces disability among the elderly. Objective: To evaluate the influence of leisure-time physical activity on the functional capacity of elderly people living in the community during the follow-up time. Method: Longitudinal study with secondary data of the elderly cohort EPIDOSO Project. The study was developed in two stages: a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline with 907 elderly (≥60 years) and a longitudinal analysis that evaluated 287 individuals aged 60 years or older over an average of 3.5 years of follow-up. The dependent variable was the Functional Capacity (FC) measured by a scale of independence in activities of daily living (ADL). The independent variables were sociodemographic, health and behavioral characteristics such as leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), measured by the International Questionnaire of Physical Activity (IPAQ). For the transversal analysis, a Multinomial Logistic Regression was performed, and for the longitudinal one was performed a Multiple Linear Regression. Results: According to LTPA, the 907 participants in the study were classified as inactive (54.7%), insufficiently active (17.5%) and active (27.8%). LTPA was associated with FC (p <0.01). Among the active ones, 41% were independent (no limitation in ADLs) and inactive individuals presented a twofold higher chance of having severe dependence (more than seven limitations in ADL) when compared to the active ones. FC was also strongly associated with age, BMI and the presence of dysthymia. The advancing age, obesity and the presence of depressive disorder increased the chance of the elderly presenting more limitation. Longitudinal analysis showed that the relationship between LTPA and FC loses significance but remains in the right direction, indicating that when the minutes per week of leisure-time physical activity increase, the number of difficulties in ADL decreases. Functional capacity had a significant relationship with age, BMI, schooling and the number of difficulties in AVD in Wave 1. Conclusions: The results indicate that, a wide network of socio-demographic and health factors influence FC. Knowledge of these factors enables health actions to be better directed to this part of the population. It is noteworthy the relevance of leasure-time physical activity as one of the few behavioral factors that could change and one of the main contributors to an active and healthy aging.
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    Basal neutrophil function in human aging: Implications in endothelial cell adhesion
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) Nogueira-Neto, Joes; Cardoso, Andre S. C.; Monteiro, Hugo P.; Fonseca, Fernando L. A.; Ramos, Luiz Roberto; Junqueira, Virginia B. C.; Simon, Karin A.
    Much attention has been drawn to the pro-inflammatory condition that accompanies aging. This study compared parameters from non-stimulated neutrophils, obtained from young (18-30 years old [y.o.]) and elderly (65-80 y.o.) human volunteers. Measured as an inflammatory marker, plasmatic concentration of hs-CRP was found higher in elderly individuals. Non-stimulated neutrophil production of ROS and NO was, respectively, 38 and 29% higher for the aged group. From the adhesion molecules evaluated, only CD11b expression was elevated in neutrophils from the aged group, whereas no differences were found for CD11a, CD18, or CD62. A 69% higher non-stimulated in vitro neutrophil/endothelial cell adhesion was observed for neutrophils isolated from elderly donors. Our results suggest that with aging, neutrophils may be constitutively producing more reactive species in closer proximity to endothelial cells of vessel walls, which may both contribute to vascular damage and reflect a neutrophil intracellular disrupted redox balance, altering neutrophil function in aging.
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    Brain health and cognitive and mood disorders in ageing women
    (Elsevier B.V., 2013-10-01) Silva, Ivaldo [UNIFESP]; Naftolin, Frederick; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); NYU
    Improved medical, economic and socio-cultural conditions have increased life expectancy, especially for women. the incidence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, psychiatric and degenerative brain diseases, especially stroke and dementia, are more frequently seen in older people. Each of these conditions can separately, or in combination, result in similar signs and symptoms of cognition, memory, mood and motor function disorders. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of normal ovarian ageing and the menopause on the nervous system, as well as the hallmarks of disease entities; many of these are described here. Also, the complexity of these issues is increased by the similarity of their effects to those of the polypharmacy and metabolic imbalances that are common in this population. These are complex issues, and it may be difficult and time-consuming to discern between normal brain functional changes and specific pathology in practice. Early evaluation of correctable possibilities, including imaging studies, may be key to management. Referral to specialists for diagnosis before starting clinical treatment is useful to address these issues. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Cognitive enhancement in aged rats after chronic administration of Equisetum arvense L. with demonstrated antioxidant properties in vitro
    (Elsevier B.V., 2005-07-01) Santos, J. G. dos; Hoffmann, F.; Martins, D. do; Blanco, M. M.; Lanziotti, VMDB; Maia, F. D.; Leal, LKD; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Fed Univ Ceara
    The aim of this work was to verify if chronic administration of the hydroalcoholic extract of stems from Equisetum arvense (HAE) reverses the cognitive impairment in aged rats, as well as, evaluates it in vitro antioxidant properties. Chronic administration of HAE at dose of 50 mg/kg, i.p., improved both short- and long-term retention of inhibitory avoidance task and ameliorated the cognitive performance in reference and working memory version of the Morris Water Maze. No differences were found between all three groups of young controls, aged controls and EHA-treated animals with regard to the open field and elevated plus maze tests. Indeed, no toxicity manifestations were observed during treatment. in vitro assays revealed that HAE diminished the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances as well as nitrite formation, but did not alter catalase activity. Thus, the cognitive enhancement effects of the HAE may be attributed, at least in part, to it antioxidant action. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Concordância para comportamentos de Saúde entre cônjuges de casais idosos: fatores relacionados, morbidade física e mortalidade
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-09-30) Machado, Mayra Pires Alves [UNIFESP]; Ferri, Cleusa Pinheiro Ferri [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: The rate of population aging is increasing, especially in low and middle income countries. Chronic disease is one of the main causes of disability and mortality in older adults and is influenced by health behavior, making it important to understand the correlates of health behavior concordance among old couples and their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), depression and mortality. Objectives: To estimate health behavior concordance and its correlates among old couples and their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD), depression and mortality. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group population-based study, using data regarding alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, cardiovascular disease, depression and mortality (after 4 years of follow-up) collected from couples aged 65 and over from 5 low and middle income countries. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the factors associated with health behavior concordance and the association between concordance and chronic conditions. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between concordance and mortality. Results: There was a high concordance in regard to alcohol (71.4%) and tobacco (83.2%) abstinence, and a smaller concordance for physical activity (46.9%). Increased age was associated with concordance among couples in respect of physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco abstinence; being part of a wide social network was more common among physically active couples and having a narrow social network more common among alcohol abstinent couples. Physically inactive participants were more likely to have depression, independent of their spouse’s physical activity, but this association was stronger when they were married to an inactive spouse. Active participants married to inactive spouses had lower rates of CVD than those married to also active spouses (OR=0.70 ; 95%IC 0.52-0.94 for men and OR=0.61 ; 95%IC 0.45-0.81 for women). Inactive couples had higher rates of female mortality in comparison to active couples (HR=2.13 ; 95%CI 1.20-3.77); and there were lower rates of mortality in alcohol abstinent women married to at risk drinking husbands than for women from alcohol abstinent couples (HR=0.28 ; 95%CI 0.10-0.80). Conclusion: Older couples often share health behaviors which impact on their wellbeing but beyond this, spousal behavior can have distinct and sometimes unexpected health consequences, particularly for women. Interventions promoting changes in older people’s health behavior may be more effective if both spouses’ health behaviors and how they mutually affect each other’s health are considered.
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    Correlação do potencial evocado P300 com aspectos cognitivos e depressivos do envelhecimento
    (Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervicofacial, 2012-10-01) Miranda, Elisiane Crestani de; Pinheiro, Maria Madalena Canina [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Liliane Desgualdo [UNIFESP]; Iorio, Maria Cecilia Martinelli [UNIFESP]; Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo Curso de Fonoaudiologia; UFSC Curso de Fonoaudiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The P300 is a long-latency auditory evoked potential highly dependent on cognitive skills. It is believed that cognitive changes caused or not by depressive symptoms may interfere with the P300. AIM: To investigate the influence of aging, cognitive and depression aspects of the P300 latency in elderly people. METHODS: Clinical and experimental study with 60 elderly patients with sensorineural hearing loss of mild to moderately severe level, 20 males and 40 females, average age of 71.1. Participants were submitted to the long latency auditory evoked potential, in which the P300 latency (milliseconds) was studied. The cognitive aspects were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog). In the assessment of depressive symptoms the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied. RESULTS: We found a significant positive correlation between latency and age (p = 0.031). There were no significant differences among the P300 latency and the ADAS-Cog (p = 0.584), MMSE (p = 0.199) and GDS (p = 0.541) categories. CONCLUSION: Aging caused an increase in the P300 latency; however, cognitive performance and the presence of depressive symptoms did not influence the P300 results in this elderly population.
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    Craniofacial asymmetry in development: An anatomical study
    (E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2003-08-01) Rossi, Marcelle; Ribeiro, Eduardo [UNIFESP]; Smith, Ricardo Luiz [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Bahiana Sch Dent
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of craniofacial asymmetries in four areas of human skulls of various age groups to test the hypothesis that there is craniofacial symmetry before the chewing habit is established. The data were obtained from 95 skulls of fetuses, infants, children, and adults, from the collection of Federal University of Sao Paulo. The following measurements were taken on each skull with a digital caliper: from the infraorbital foramen to the anterior nasal spine (IOF); from the greater palatine foramen to the posterior nasal spine (GPF); from the spinous foramen to the basion (SF); and from the spinous foramen to the zygomatic arch (ZA). On different occasions, each measurement was taken three times on both sides of the skull in random order. The mean of the right-side measurements were subtracted from the mean of the left-side measurements, and the differences were transformed into percentages. Comparisons were made by analysis of variance. The presence of cranial asymmetry was statistically significant throughout the whole sample. The minimum value found was 2.8% and the maximum 6.5%. All age groups presented the same degree of asymmetry of distances IOF, GPF, and SE The group of infants presented a higher degree of asymmetry on distance ZA, followed by the groups of fetuses, children, and adults. This study confirmed statistically significant craniofacial asymmetry in fetuses and infants (before dentition). Therefore, the hypothesis that craniofacial asymmetry only appears after establishment of the chewing habit was not supported.
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    Differences in central and peripheral responses to oxotremorine in young and aged rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 1999-03-01) Espinola, E. B.; Oliveira, MGM; Carlini, E. A.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Few studies have investigated the pharmacological response of agents that act on the cholinergic system from the point of view of age. the present article investigated central responses (tremor) and peripheral responses (chromodacryorrhea) subsequent to the administration of oxotremorine to young (3-6 months of age) and aged rats (24-30 months of age). the aged rats presented greater duration and intensity of tremor in three doses utilized (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg) compared to young rats. These two groups of animals did differ in latency for the onset of the tremor. the aged rats presented more intense chromodacryorrhea than the young rats in all utilized doses. These data are indicative that both responses-central and peripheral-are affected by aging, possibly as a result of pharmacokinetic alterations and/or alterations in functionality of the cholinergic system in aged rats. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Inc.
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    The effect of the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on telomere length
    (Impact Journals Llc, 2016) Tempaku, Priscila Farias [UNIFESP]; Mazzotti, Diego Robles [UNIFESP]; Hirotsu, Camila [UNIFESP]; Andersen, Monica Levy [UNIFESP]; Xavier, Gabriela [UNIFESP]; Maurya, Pawan Kumar [UNIFESP]; Rizzo, Lucas Bortolotto [UNIFESP]; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Belangero, Sintia Iole [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Lia Rita Azeredo [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]
    Aging is associated with an increase in the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) as well as the shortening of telomeres. It is known that OSAS-related factors are stimuli that can contribute to the acceleration of cellular senescence. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the leukocyte telomere length (LTL) between OSAS patients and controls, as well as to verify the correlation between LTL and sleep parameters. We used DNA extracted of 928 individuals from EPISONO to measure the LTL by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All individuals were subjected to one full-night polysomnography. LTL was significantly shorter in OSAS patients compared to controls. The results showed negative correlations between LTL and the following variables: apnea-hypopnea index, respiratory disturbance index, desaturation index and wake after sleep onset. LTL was positively correlated with sleep efficiency, total sleep time, basal, minimum and maximum oxygen saturation. Lastly, it was observed that OSAS severity was associated with shorter LTL even after adjusting for sex, age, years of schooling, body mass index, diabetes, stroke and heart attack. In conclusion, our study indicates the presence of an association between LTL and OSAS and a significant impact of severity of OSAS in telomeres shortening.
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    Effects of Aging in the Striatum and Substantia Nigra of a Parkinson's Disease Animal Model
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Ureshino, Rodrigo Portes [UNIFESP]; Costa, Angelica Jardim [UNIFESP]; Erustes, Adolfo Garcia [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Gustavo Jose da Silva [UNIFESP]; Sinigaglia-Coimbra, Rita [UNIFESP]; Smaili, Soraya Soubhi [UNIFESP]
    Aging is a multifactorial process associated with functional deficits, and the brain is more prone to developing chronic degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Several groups have tried to correlate the age-related ultrastructural alterations to the neurodegeneration process using in vivo pharmacological models, but due to the limitations of the animal models, particularly in aged animals, the results are difficult to interpret. In this work, we investigated neurodegeneration induced by rotenone, as a pharmacological model of Parkinson's disease, in both young and aged Wistar rats. We assessed animal mobility, tyrosine hydroxylase staining in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive nuclei and reactive oxygen species production in the striatum. Interestingly, the mobility impairment, dopaminergic neuron loss, and elevated number of apoptotic nuclei in the striatum of aged control rats were similar to young rotenone-treated animals. Moreover, we observed many ultrastructural alterations, such as swollen mitochondria in the striatum, and massive lipofuscin deposits in the SNpc of the aged rotenone-treated animals. We conclude that the rotenone model can be employed to explore age-related alterations in the ontogeny that can increase vulnerability in the striatum and SNpc, which may contribute to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis.