Navegando por Palavras-chave "Violence"

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    1º Levantamento nacional sobre padrões de consumo de álcool na população brasileira
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009) Zaleski, Marcos José Barreto [UNIFESP]; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]
    Introdução: este estudo apresenta duas etapas distintas: a metodologia do 1º levantamento nacional sobre os padrões de consumo de álcool na população Brasileira, seguida pela análise dos dados sobre violência entre parceiros íntimos (VPI) e consumo de álcool durante o evento. Objetivos: descrever a metodologia do trabalho de campo e os desafios de sua realização. Analisar os índices de prevalência de violência entre parceiros íntimos (VPI) entre casais brasileiros, avaliando a contribuição do álcool e de fatores sócio-demográficos ao risco de VPI. Metodologia: a metodologia foi desenhada para ter abrangência do território nacional, apresentando um perfil da população brasileira a partir de 14 anos de idade. A amostra populacional total foi composta por 2.522 indivíduos de 14 anos e mais, e uma cota extra de 485 indivíduos entre 14 e 17 anos de idade, totalizando 3.007 entrevistas, com a sub-amostra analisada para os dados de VPI foi composta por 1445 homens e mulheres casados ou vivendo em união estável. Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 143 municípios brasileiros totalizando 325 setores censitários. A amostra foi feita em 03 estágios. Estágio 1: sorteio sistemático dos municípios, selecionados probabilisticamente pelo método PPT (Probabilidade Proporcional ao Tamanho), sendo a população de cada município tomada como base para tal seleção. Estágio 2: seleção probabilística dos setores censitários também pelo mesmo método (PPT). Estágio 3: contagem e sorteio aleatório simples dos domicílios e sorteio do respondente, dentro dos domicílios sorteados. As entrevistas foram realizadas entre novembro de 2005 e abril de 2006. Resultados: a taxa de resposta final global obtida foi de 66%, variando de 80 a 56% nas diferentes regiões do Brasil. A maior parte dos casos de não-resposta estava associada a dificuldades no acesso a domicílios em condomínios fechados. Procedimentos especiais de trabalho-de-campo efetuados nas áreas de baixa taxa de resposta tiveram um efeito positivo, aumentando a taxa de resposta final global em cerca de 11 pontos percentuais. Com relação à aos dados de VPI, as análises indicaram uma prevalência de 10,7% de violência de parceiro intimo homem contra mulher e uma prevalência de 14,6% de violência de parceiro íntimo mulher contra homem (incluindo episódios classificados como agressão mútua, somente perpetração e somente vitimização). Os homens consumiam álcool em 38,1% dos casos de VPI e mulheres em 9,2%. A parceira do homem consumia álcool em 30,8% dos atos de VPI e o parceiro da mulher em 44,6%. Foram encontradas associações bivariadas para fatores sócio-demográficos como idade e renda familiar (para ambos os sexos), e ainda para nível educacional com relação à violência perpetrada pela mulher. A análise de regressão logística indicou que o grupo a idade mais jovem (14-29 anos) é um significante fator preditor tanto de perpetração de violência de parceiro homem contra mulher (HMVP) quanto de violência de parceiro mulher contra homem (MHVP). Além do mais, homens que informaram não ter religião têm maior envolvimento em HMVP quando comparado aos Católicos, o maior grupo religioso da amostra. Finalmente, foi observado que ser dona-de-casa é um fator protetor para MHVP, quando comparado ao grupo de mulheres empregadas. Conclusões: o estudo apresenta uma metodologia pioneira nessa área e sua dificuldade de implantação em âmbito nacional, além de trazer um maior conhecimento do relacionamento dinâmico entre VPI e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas durante o evento. Esses dados fornecem importantes evidências científicas, auxiliando na implantação de políticas públicas para prevenção da violência, assim como para a prevenção e tratamento do uso abusivo do álcool e redução do seu custo social.
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    Associação entre violência, constipação intestinal funcional e síndrome do intestino irritável em adolescentes
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-06-18) Almeida, Camila Nunes Thomaz de [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5056114729141952; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Objective: To evaluate the association between general, physical, psychological, sexual violence and neglect with the occurrence of functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents. Methodology: Observational study with cross-sectional design conducted with adolescents from public schools in the municipality of Osasco, metropolitan region of São Paulo. A self-administered questionnaire validated for Brazilian Portuguese (ICAST-C: Child Abuse Screening Tools - Children’s version) was used to research the different types of violence. The characterization of functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome was performed using the Rome IV criteria for adolescents. Parents or legal guardians completed the questionnaire for socioeconomic assessment. Results: 265 students aged 11 to 17 years, 157 female, were evaluated. Functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome were characterized in 74 (27.9%) of the 265 adolescents studied. General violence was characterized in 82.6%, psychological violence in 93.2%, physical violence in 91.3%, sexual violence in 12.1% and negligence in 53.6%. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed an association (p <0.05) between functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with exposure to general violence (OR = 2.77), psychological violence (OR = 2.95), physical violence ( OR = 2.17) and negligence (2.31). There was no association with sexual violence. Conclusion: In the present study, functional constipation and irritable bowel syndrome were associated with general, psychological, physical violence and neglect in adolescent students from public schools. No association was found with sexual violence. It is important, in the future, to conduct studies that investigate the causal relationship between different types of violence and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
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    Atendimento às mulheres em situação de violência: uma questão de gênero e raça/cor na saúde
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-10-17) Moraes, Maria da Conceicao Santos [UNIFESP]; Silva, Cristiane Gonçalves da [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0245338799993359; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7227620153967537; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Women in violence situation have signals left by aggression as well as health professionals reveal invisible signals left by service made and cause ?nuisance?, what demonstrate the unfolding of the violence experience in people´s lives and consequently of its importance. The main purpose of this work is to understand how the conceptions of genre and race/color appear in the service made by health professionals of the basic attention for women in violence situation in Santos. It is specifically analyzed the factors that lead for the incorrect filling of the question race/color in the violence notification card and to verify the violence from the database of the Information System of Aggravate Notification. The studied universe study was composed of interviews with professionals of health units by Historical Central region. The work has exploratory character and used as strategy the triangulation with the qualitative and quantitative approach, open structured interviews, statistical analysis of historical series of violence (2009 to 2013) and analysis of the information of field. The results indicate that violence against women is perceived from this marker but the same doesn´t occur in relation to race/color, and consequently, indicate that there isn?t unfolding in specific care. About the filling of the item race/color is observed the lack of professional regarding the reason for the self-classification, which may be one of the reasons for the inadequate filling of the same. The violence mapping reveal that: the incidence of violence concentrates in the Historical Central regions; being the woman who suffers more domestic violence; there is more prevalence in race/color, black and brown; the adult age group more affected is between 20 and 29 and the school level that predominates is the elementary level. As a product of professional master was prepared a proposal for training with the purpose of the continuing education to be implemented in the basic attention network to work the central theme of the study: violence, genre and race/color.
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    Atendimento às mulheres vítimas de violência sexual: um estudo qualitativo
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2005-06-01) Oliveira, Eleonora Menicucci de [UNIFESP]; Barbosa, Rosana Machin [UNIFESP]; Moura, Alexandre Aníbal Valverde Marcondes de [UNIFESP]; Von Kossel, Karen [UNIFESP]; Morelli, Karina [UNIFESP]; Botelho, Luciane Francisca Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Stoianov, Maristela [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To assess public services attending female victims of sexual violence in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: This is a qualitative study conducted in two public services attending female victims of sexual violence. Interviews with 42 women were conducted, 13 of whom had sought these services for assistance and 29 were professionals working in these services. Evaluation of the services was based on the categories: reception, access, resolvability and sanitary responsibility. RESULTS: The analysis of the interviews per category has shown that there was reception in both services, problems with respect to access due to the lack of information concerning these services, and quality resolvability with a multi-professional team. As to the sanitary responsibility, it is present in these specialized services but is deficient in the emergency services and basic health care units. Many women are unaware of the rights they are entitled to with respect to specialized services. Frequently their late arrival compromises the efficacy of care. There are deficiencies both in terms of reference and counter reference. CONCLUSIONS: The results ratify the importance of these services and the need for their decentralized expansion. Health courses should introduce the theme of sexual violence at the undergraduate level.
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    Candidate-Gene Approach in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Urban Violence: Association Analysis of the Genes Encoding Serotonin Transporter, Dopamine Transporter, and BDNF
    (Humana Press Inc, 2011-05-01) Marques Valente, Nina Leao [UNIFESP]; Vallada, Homero; Cordeiro, Quirino; Miguita, Karen; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Andreoli, Sergio Baxter [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair Jesus [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo Feijo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Kings Coll London; Adolfo Lutz Inst
    Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent, disabling anxiety disorder marked by behavioral and physiologic alterations which commonly follows a chronic course. Exposure to a traumatic event constitutes a necessary, but not sufficient, factor. There is evidence from twin studies supporting a significant genetic predisposition to PTSD. However, the precise genetic loci still remain unclear. the objective of the present study was to identify, in a case-control study, whether the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met polymorphism (rs6265), the dopamine transporter (DAT1) three prime untranslated region (3'UTR) variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), and the serotonin transporter (5-HTTPRL) short/long variants are associated with the development of PTSD in a group of victims of urban violence. All polymorphisms were genotyped in 65 PTSD patients as well as in 34 victims of violence without PTSD and in a community control group (n = 335). We did not find a statistical significant difference between the BDNF val66met and 5-HTTPRL polymorphism and the traumatic phenotype. However, a statistical association was found between DAT1 3'UTR VNTR nine repeats and PTSD (OR = 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20-2.76). This preliminary result confirms previous reports supporting a susceptibility role for allele 9 and PTSD.
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    Características da violência física e sexual contra crianças e adolescentes atendidos no IML de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil
    (Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2011-08-01) Guimarães, João Alfredo Tenório Lins [UNIFESP]; Villela, Wilza Vieira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de Alagoas; Instituto Médico Legal de Maceió; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The purpose of this study was to characterize cases of violence against children and adolescents examined at the Forensic Medicine Institute in Maceió, Alagoas State, Brazil. Three hundred and three cases from September, 2008 to March, 2009, were analyzed. Victims were interviewed and data were collected on the type of violence, victim's gender, age, schooling, and economic class, maternal schooling, characteristics of the aggressor and person reporting the case, location, and repeat offenses. Violence against children and adolescents in this sample was concentrated in lower income groups, and girls were victimized more frequently than boys. Most perpetrators were non-relatives, but known to the family. Sexual abuse was more common among younger children, while physical assault was more common against adolescents. The victim's home was the most frequent site of the violence. Further studies are needed to determine whether violence in other socioeconomic groups and against males actually does not occur, or whether it simply is not reported to the Forensic Medicine Institute and thus remains invisible.
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    Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) val158met Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for PTSD After Urban Violence
    (Humana Press Inc, 2011-03-01) Marques Valente, Nina Leao [UNIFESP]; Vallada, Homero [UNIFESP]; Cordeiro, Quirino [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca; Andreoli, Sergio Baxter; Mari, Jair Jesus; Mello, Marcelo Feijo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Kings Coll London
    PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that requires a traumatic event as diagnostic criteria. Brazil has high rates of violence, and it is expected that urban victims of violence would be at risk to the development of PTSD. Studies have associated the COMT val158met polymorphism with diminished stress resilience, reduced ability to extinguish conditioned fear, and the development of PTSD after multiple traumatic experiences. the aim of this study was to identify, in a case-control study, whether the val158met polymorphism (rs4860) is associated with the development of PTSD in a group of victims of urban violence. To our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the association between PTSD and urban violence. the polymorphism of COMT in PTSD patients (n = 65) as well as in victims of violence without PTSD (n = 34) and in a community control group (n = 335) were genotyped. We found a significant relationship between the met allele (p < 0.02) and PTSD among cases (PTSD+)and victims of violence without PTSD (PTSD-; OR 2.57) and between cases and community control group (p < 0.003) Further analysis with larger samples and another ethnic group should be necessary to confirm our findings.
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    Children working on the streets in Brazil: predictors of mental health problems
    (Springer, 2013-03-01) Maciel, Mariana R. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Andrea F. [UNIFESP]; Fossaluza, Victor; Nobrega, Luciana P. [UNIFESP]; Cividanes, Giuliana C. [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair J. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo F. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
    The objective of this study was to determine which factors predict higher risk for mental health problems in children working on the streets. We studied a sample of families that had at least one child working on the streets, from October 2008 to March 2009. the instruments applied were the parent version strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) for children and caregivers, the WorldSAFE core questionnaire, the global assessment of relational functioning scale (GARF), the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS), and a socio-demographic questionnaire. 191 children between 7 and 14 years of age were analyzed; 126 (66 %) were working on the streets, and 65 were siblings who did not work on the streets. Multivariate analysis showed that mental health problems in the caregivers, violent behaviors of the caregivers toward the children, absence of a partner living in the house, and lower levels of family functioning increased the risk of mental health problems in the children. Caregivers reported severe forms of physical punishment against their children in 62 % of cases. Caregivers who had suffered sexual abuse and emotional negligence in childhood were more violent with their children. Factors that increased risk for mental health symptoms in these children were caregivers' psychopathology, physical punishment at home, single-parent structure, and poor family functioning. Work on the streets did not influence the children's mental health, when multiple risk factors were considered; family characteristics were the most significant in this sample.
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    Crianças vitimizadas pelos pais: como elas percebem suas famílias?
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-02-27) Freitas, Claudia Regina de [UNIFESP]; Tucci, Adriana Marcassa [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6278405456405903; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Domestic violence against children is a phenomenon present in different societies since earliest times. It occurs in numerous ways, in various contexts, including within families shaping up as secret and taboo. Understand, identify and describe domestic violence against children have been a recurring issue in studies in several countries, given the scale of the phenomenon and the consequence associated with it, being considered in our country as a public health problem. The present study aimed to investigate the perceptions of victims (children victimized) in relation to their family, and especially in relation to caregiver-aggressor, in an attempt to understand the experience of violence from the perspective of the child. For this, we used the following instruments to collect data: Inventory Phrases in the Diagnosis of Domestic Violence, with the purpose of identifying symptoms (cognitive, emotional, physical, social and behavioral) and Projective Technique Drawing Family with Stories. The sample consisted of twelve children aged between six and twelve years, five of them were living in shelters at the time of the survey and the others seven were attending an institution dedicated to face vulnerable populations. It was observed that the children had indications of emotional, behavioral, cognitive and social disorders. Moreover, they expressed their experiences through defense mechanisms (escape, fantasy and denial); demonstrated feelings of depression, fear, hostility and anger. They also showed a desire to receive love, protection and acceptance, and, somehow, children have also revealed traces of resilience in an attempt to restructure themselves face to their oppressive reality. In this sense, it is possible to believe that the damage due to the situation of victimization can be softened through appropriate technical assistance. Identify aspects of relationships implied in the context of domestic violence against children, from the needs expressed by victims can bring contributions to the practice of broader interventions within different contexts, such as social, school, hospital or other points of access community, developing preventive actions that contribute to the structuring of interpersonal relationships healthier and less harmful.
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    Criminality and sexual behaviours in substance dependents seeking treatment
    (Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2016) Diehl, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Pillon, Sandra Cristina; dos Santos, Manoel Antonio; Hussein Rassool, G.; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]
    The aim of this study was to investigate the link between violence, crime, and sexual behavior among patients with substance-related disorder admitted to a specialized inpatient care unit. This was a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, drug of choice (DOC), questions about sexual behavior, and instruments to evaluate the severity of dependence (SADD, DAST, FTND), level of impulsivity (BIS-11), and a screening sex addiction scale. The sample consisted of 587 adult subjects, of which 82.3% were men, 66.4% had used cocaine (sniffed and smoked) as their DOC, 24.4% had a history with the criminal justice system, 26.8% had committed crimes, 19.3% had engaged in violent behavior, and 12.2% had been involved in drug trafficking. In this sample, crime was strongly associated with various sexual behaviors and the severity of substance dependence.
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    Discursos e imagens da violência
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo.Associação Paulista de Saúde Pública., 2014-09-01) Marquetti, Fernanda Cristina [UNIFESP]; Adorno, Rubens Camargo Ferreira; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    This article was based of the Ph.D research “Discourses and Images of Violence” in which we discuss violent deaths (homicides) in the São Paulo metropolis, favoring the study of cultural and psychic elaborations that happen around this phenomenon. The main objective of this research was to address two types of violent deaths discourses. The discourse of a population submitted to the event of violent death and the discourse of the televised media about the violence phenomenon. There are two approaches in the methodology of this research. The first one is an ethnographic approach to as seen as a violent territory in the city of São Paulo. The second one refers to two analysis of violent deaths discourses: televised media and narratives of the territory residents. The ethnographic results of the violent territory found in the sociability strand, distress, fear, survival strategies and other excuses to live in a violent neighborhood. In the resident narratives we find a series of fragmented verbal discourses, chaotic, not organized were the terror to excessive closeness to death was present. On the other hand, analyzing the discourse of the televised media, we find an excess of images, verbalizations, theories and interpretations about violence.
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    Early life exposure to violence and substance misuse in adulthood-The first Brazilian national survey
    (Elsevier B.V., 2011-03-01) Madruga, Clarice S. [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo; Caetano, Raul; Ribeiro, Wagner; Zaleski, Marcos; Pinsky, Ilana; Ferri, Cleusa P.; Natl Council Technol & Sci Dev CNPq; Kings Coll London; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: Substance misuse has been a major source of health and social problems in developing societies as it has been elsewhere. There is a growing body of evidence from developed nations linking early exposure to violence in childhood with substance misuse in adulthood. the role of depression on this association is not clear. This study estimates the association between early life exposure to violence, alcohol disorders and illegal substance use in adulthood and the role of depression on these associations using a national Brazilian sample.Methods: the first Brazilian National Alcohol Survey gathered information on early exposure to violence and use of psychoactive substances in 1880 participants aged 20 to 60 years old selected at random from the Brazilian household population. We used weighted logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios for the associations between early exposure to violence and substance misuse. To assess the mediating effect of depression on these associations we used the Sobel-Goodman Mediation Test.Results: Witnessing violence during childhood or adolescence was reported by nearly 20% of the participants whilst over 8% reported having been victims of at least one form of violence. There was a statistically significant association between early exposure to violence and alcohol abuse and/or dependence and use of illegal substances in adulthood with a dose-response relationship. Depression partially explained the association between early exposure to violence with alcohol dependence (18.77% p<0.001) and did not have a statistically significant mediating effect on the association with illegal substance use (5.83% p = 0.220).Conclusions: Adverse early life events may affect individual's susceptibility to substance misuse which can be partially mediated by depression. Prevalence of substance misuse in adulthood may be in part attributed to the prevalence of adverse childhood experience. While prevention is the ideal goal, detection and intervention with children exposed to violence must be prioritised. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Estigma, violência e bruxaria: um olhar antropológico para o episódio de Morrinhos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017) Leal, Fellipe Miranda [UNIFESP]; Martin, Denise [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5584662342646500; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7736421157748411; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Em 2014, na Baixada Santista, ocorreu o linchamento de uma jovem de 33 anos, episódio que foi deflagrado por meio do compartilhamento em redes sociais do boato da existência no bairro de Morrinhos em Guarujá (SP) de uma suposta bruxa sequestradora de crianças que realizava “rituais de magia negra”. Este episódio ganhou importante atenção da imprensa nacional e, em parte relevante das reportagens, foi destacado que a jovem espancada e morta era bastante conhecida na comunidade e que fazia tratamento para uma doença psiquiátrica que desencadeava crises em que ela “perdia a noção de realidade”. Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise do contexto sociocultural relacionado a este acontecimento: o linchamento de uma mulher portadora de um transtorno mental. Foram utilizados os métodos e as técnicas de pesquisa tradicionais da Antropologia; entre eles, a observação etnográfica densa e a entrevistas em profundidade com moradores de Morrinhos. A análise do material permitiu apontar que a violência é vivamente presente no local e está diretamente relacionada aos conflitos cotidianos e às disputas sociais de toda espécie existentes no bairro, destacando-se a violência contra o doente mental. Observou-se também que os doentes mentais são estigmatizados. A propagação de boatos é frequente neste local e possui importante papel em manter certo equilíbrio nas relações sociais. Neste contexto, pode-se considerar que a ocorrência deste linchamento configurou-se como um fato que, em grande medida, foi capaz de representar uma condensação destes elementos – os boatos, a estigmatização e a violência – e assim os expôs despidos em sua forma mais bruta.
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    Estudo de revisão dos fatores biológicos, sociais e ambientais associados com o comportamento agressivo
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2009-10-01) Mendes, Deise Daniela [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Singer, Marina [UNIFESP]; Barros, Gustavo Machado [UNIFESP]; Mello, Andréa F. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: To study the risk factors related to the development of aggressive behavior. METHOD: A search was carried out in two electronic databases, Medline and SciElo by retrospective studies, longitudinal and review that assessed risk factors for the development of aggressive behavior. RESULTS: There were selected 11 longitudinal studies (8 prospective and 3 case-control studies) and a cross sectional study that evaluated the risk factors and socio-biological related to aggressive behavior. Five studies have evaluated gene expression, five evaluated exposure to tobacco, alcohol and cocaine in the prenatal period, one evaluated the effect of early malnutrition on the development of aggressive behavior and one assessed the impact of child maltreatment. CONCLUSION: The main biological factors were: genetic (low expression of the monoamine oxidase gene and serotonin transporter gene, variations in transporter and dopamine receptor genes), exposure to substances during intrauterine development (tobacco, alcohol and cocaine) and nutrition (malnutrition). The main environmental factors were: child abuse, poverty, crime and antisocial behavior in childhood, while the highest level of evidence was related to early neglect. The interaction between biological and environmental factors can be catalyzed by a hostile environment, increasing the risk for the development of aggressive behavior.
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    Evaluation of alcohol outlet density and its relation with violence
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2002-08-01) Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Hinkly, David [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVES: The current study set out to investigate alcohol availability in a densely populated, residential area of suburban São Paulo associated with high levels of social deprivation and violence. Gun-related deaths and a heavy concentration of alcohol outlets are notable features of the area surveyed. Given the strong evidence for a link between alcohol availability and a number of alcohol-related problems, including violent crime, measures designed to reduce accessibility have become a favored choice for alcohol prevention programs in recent years. METHODS: The interviewers were 24 residents of the area who were trained for the study. It was selected an area of nineteen streets, covering a total distance of 3.7 km. A profile of each alcohol outlet available on the area was recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and seven alcohol outlets were recorded. The number of other properties in the same area was counted at 1,202. Two measures of outlet density may thus be calculated: the number of outlets per kilometer of roadway (29 outlets/km); and the proportion of all properties that sold alcohol (1 in 12). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study is compared with others which are mainly from developed countries and shown that the area studied have the highest density of alcohol outlet density ever recorded in the medical literature. The implication of this data related to the violence of the region is discussed. By generating a profile of alcohol sales and selling points, it was hoped to gain a better understanding of alcohol access issues within the sample area. Future alcohol prevention policy would be well served by such knowledge.
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    Experiências de violência urbana: o estudo do grupo como dispositivo de produção e socialização de estratégias de enfrentamento
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-09-16) Ferreira, Rogerio Santos [UNIFESP]; Mendes, Rosilda [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1253895144833105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5136959016363847; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    From the understanding that violence is an element of urban life that weakens the quality of life and health of the population in general form, the present study intended to verify the contributions of the group as intervention device, its potential and limitations. For this purpose, the case study method of the qualitative approach was used. As a technique for data collection open interviews were conducted in the form of experience narratives and observation participant with field journal records in the development of group experiences. Data interpretation was performed from the use of the technique of content analysis. The results show that the group provides the socialization of coping strategies when the topic is related to urban violence, it was observed that participants have acquired conduct characterized by empowerment face a urban violence experienced in their daily lives in the territory, realizing that they?re not alone in reality daily confrontation such perverse and shocking as the violence, contributing to the production and socialization of collective coping strategies.
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    Exposição à violência e problemas de saúde mental em países em desenvolvimento: uma revisão da literatura
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2009-10-01) Ribeiro, Wagner S. [UNIFESP]; Andreoli, Sergio Baxter [UNIFESP]; Ferri, Cleusa Pinheiro [UNIFESP]; Prince, Martin; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); King's College London institute of Psychiatry Health Service and Population Research departament; Universidade Católica de Santos
    OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological evidence on the prevalence of exposure to violence and its relationship with mental health problems in low and middle-income countries. METHOD: The search was based on cross-sectional and cohort studies available in electronic databases (Medline, Psycinfo, Embase, SciELO and Lilacs), through July 2009, using the key words: violence and mental disorders. RESULTS: The frequency of exposure to violence was shown to be very high and was significantly associated with mental health problems. Among children, the highest correlation was found to be of domestic violence with externalizing problems (OR = 9.5; 95% CI = 3.4-26.2), and suicidal ideation with sexual abuse (OR = 8.3; p < 0.05); among women, depression/anxiety symptoms correlated with intimate-partner psychological (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.8-5.8) and sexual (OR = 9.7; 95% CI = 1.9-51.2) violence. In the general population, the highest prevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder were associated with sexual and domestic violence, kidnapping, and cumulative trauma exposure. Violence also correlated with common mental disorders. CONCLUSION: A substantial part of the mental health problems in low and middle-income countries can be attributed to violence. Thus, interventions directed to decrease violence in low and middle-income countries might have a major positive impact on the mental health of those living in these settings.
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    Exposure to violence in incarcerated youth from the city of São Paulo
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2011-09-01) Huculak, Susan; McLennan, John D.; Bordin, Isabel Altenfelder Santos [UNIFESP]; University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine Department of Community Health Sciences; University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine Departments of Community Health Sciences, Psychiatry and Pediatrics; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the extent of exposure to community violence among delinquent Brazilian youth in the 12-month period prior to their incarceration and to identify factors associated with this exposure. METHOD: With an oversampling of girls, a cross-section of youth under 18 years of age from juvenile detention units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil completed a structured interview. Key items related to exposure to violence (witnessed and experienced) were drawn from the Social and Health Assessment questionnaire to cover the 12-month period prior to incarceration. RESULTS: Participants (n = 325, 89% boys) reported high rates of exposure to violence with largely similar levels for boys and girls. Being threatened with physical harm, being beaten or mugged and/ or shot at were the most common forms of violence experienced. After controlling for demographic and family variables, the fact of having peers involved in risk behavior, easy access to guns and previous involvement with the justice system were associated with witnessed violence; whereas having slept on the street was the only variable associated with experienced violence. CONCLUSION: This group of youth was exposed to high levels of violence and other adverse experiences. Future research should examine the effectiveness of strategies aimed at reducing the exposure to violence of high-risk youth.
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    Gênero, violência e saúde: representações sociais de adolescentes sobre masculinidade no contexto amazônico
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-07-30) Chaves, Alessandra Carla Santos De Vasconcelos [UNIFESP]; Ohara, Conceicao Vieira Da Silva [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Objective: To analyze the social representations of adolescents from a public school in Belém - Pará about masculinity from the intersections between gender, violence and health. Methods: It is a qualitative investigation that uses Serge Moscovici's Social Representations as a theoretical and methodological framework, based on anchoring and objectification. Using as strategies for data collection: pedagogical workshops, participant observation and field diary. 244 adolescents between 10 and 19 years old participated in the study, 113 of whom were male and 131 were female, who were in the 6th year of Elementary School to the 3rd year of High School. For data analysis, the thematic content analysis technique was used according to Minayo and Bardin. Results: The exploration of the material emerged three thematic categories, namely: (1) Sexual division of labor; (2) Machismo: structure and reproduction; (3) Gender-based violence. In the speeches of (the) young people, domestic activities, seen as strictly feminine, gain less visibility when compared to the tasks performed by men outside the home. Machismo is perceived as a lasting structure that generates inequality and violence; however, without realizing it, they reproduce preconceived beliefs and behaviors. The violence is perceived as one of the defining phenomena of gender relations, historically constructed. Discussion: The representations of masculinity produced among young people present different ways of conceiving the male gender. While girls refer to male positions and attitudes, making men responsible for a significant part of their suffering and illnesses, boys, even though they believe in a process of changing male and patriarchal patterns, do not verbalize direct consequences of a sick masculinity in their daily lives. However, both incorporate and reproduce the logic of domination. Final considerations: Research has shown that if boys recognize and legitimize change in gender-related behavior, on the other hand, they reiterate the dominant role for men and passive and submissive behavior for women. Girls, on the other hand, blame the patriarchal model and machismo for their situation of vulnerability, insecurity and fear. This apparent contradiction can be explained in the light of the power relations between genders, perceived as invisible and fruits of biology itself, generating and perpetuating inequalities, violence and physical and mental illnesses in men and women. The understanding of masculinity, from the perspective of men themselves, allows us to understand that the contradictions in their speeches express the contradictions between them, and that the social representations presented by them contribute to the elaboration of public policies closer to their life experiences.
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    Genocídio da juventune negra: uma configuração do racismo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-15) Andrade, Julio Cezar de [UNIFESP]; Baierl, Luzia Fátima [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This, the present work seeks to investigate the genocide of black youth with the objective of analyzing racism and its impacts on Brazilian socioeconomic formation and contemporaneity, from the neighborhoods chosen in the East Zone: Cidade Tiradentes, Guaianases, Lajeado and Itaim Paulista. It is a quantitative and qualitative bibliographical and documentary research, for an approximation of the reality, that seeks the relation of the deaths with the racism. Priority was given to data from the Youth Development Report (2007), the Map of Violence (2018), and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) (2010), in the territories surveyed. among others to give elements and subsidies for the research. The research chose as hypothesis the insufficiency of public policies, aimed at the youth, is one of the factors that raises the level of violence, leading to deaths resulting from police actions or trafficking.