Navegando por Palavras-chave "Tributyltin"

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    Assessment of organotins and imposex in two estuaries of the northeastern Brazilian coast
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Maciel, Daniele Claudino; Castro, Ítalo Braga [UNIFESP]; Souza, José Roberto Botelho de; Yogui, Gilvan Takeshi; Fillmann, Gilberto; Zanardi-Lamardo, Eliete
    Butyltin compounds (BTs) were used worldwide, especially because of their properties as biocides. Due to its high toxicity, the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling paints has been prohibited in most countries. The occurrence and impact of BTs were assessed in surface sediments and in Stramonita rustica populations of two tropical estuaries that host major ports in northeastern Brazil. EBT concentrations ranged from < LOQ to 542 ng Sn g(-1) dry weight in sediments while imposex was not observed in S. rustica. This is in contrast to previous studies that reported high incidence of imposex at the same sites. Butyltin degradation index indicates recent input of TBT at levels that might trigger imposex in gastropod species more sensitive than S. rustica. These results emphasize the need of more rigorous controls by local authorities since Brazil has restricted the use of TBT-based antifouling paints.
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    Butyltin contamination in Northern Chilean coast: Is there a potential risk for consumers?
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Mattos, Yasna; Stotz, Wolfgang B.; Romero, Maria Soledad; Bravo, Manuel; Fillmann, Gilberto; Castro, Ítalo Braga [UNIFESP]
    Imposex is the superimposition of non-functionalmale sex organs in gastropod females. This syndrome is a hormonal imbalance induced by tributyltin (TBT) which have been used in antifouling paints formulation. The present study aimed to perform an integrated environmental assessment of imposex and butyltin (BT) contamination using surface sediments and tissues of Thaisella chocolata (an edible gastropod) from northern Chile. The results showed imposex incidence in 11 out of 12 sites. In the most contaminated sites, which are areas under the influence of maritime activities, and also used for fishing and aquaculture, RPLI were over 60 and VDSI over 4 (high incidence of sterile females). Exceptionally high contamination levels and evidences of fresh inputs of tributyltin (TBT) were detected along the studied area. TBT levels above 300 and 90 ng Sn g(-1), respectively, were recorded in sediments and edible gastropod tissues of 6 sites. Thus, a daily ingestion of 90 to 173 g of T. chocolata foot (4 to 8 organisms) from the most contaminated sites will certainly lead to the consumption of BT exceeding the tolerable daily intake recommended by European Food Safety Authority. It is reasonable to consider that human risk is even higher if daily consumption of additional seafood is considered. Moreover, some contaminated sites were located within the marine reserve "Isla Grande Atacama", indicating that even marine protected areas are under the influence of TBT contamination. These findings suggest that current levels of TBT in the studied area are sufficient to induce harmful effects on the environment and constitutes a potential threat to seafood consumers. Thus, national regulatory actions toward environmental protection and food safety of local populations are still mandatory, even after 8 years of the TBT global ban by IMO. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    From TBT to booster biocides: Levels and impacts of antifouling along coastal areas of Panama
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Batista-Andrade, Jahir Antonio; Caldas, Sergiane Souza; Batista, Rodrigo Moço; Castro, Ítalo Braga [UNIFESP]; Fillmann, Gilberto; Primel, Ednei Gilberto
    Antifouling biocides in surface sediments and gastropod tissues were assessed for the first time along coastal areas of Panama under the influence of maritime activities, including one of the world's busiest shipping zones: the Panama Canal. Imposex incidence was also evaluated in five muricid species distributed along six coastal areas of Panama. This TBT-related biological alteration was detected in three species, including the first report in Purpura panama. Levels of organotins (TBT, DBT, and MBT) in gastropod tissues and surficial sediments ranged from < 5 to 104 ng Sn g(-1) and < 1-149 ng Sn g(-1), respectively. In addition, fresh TBT inputs were observed in areas considered as moderate to highly contaminated mainly by inputs from fishing and leisure boats. Regarding booster biocides, TCMTB and dichlofluanid were not detected in any sample, while irgarol 1051, diuron and DCOIT levels ranged from < 0.08 to 2.8 ng g(-1), < 0.75-14.1 ng g(-1), and < 0.38-81.6 ng g(-1), respectively. The highest level of TBT (149 ng Sn g(-1)) and irgarol 1051 (2.8 ng g(-1)), as well as relevant level of DCOIT (5.7 ng g(-1)), were detected in a marina used by recreational boats. Additionally, relatively high diuron values (14.1 ng g(-1)) were also detected in the Panama Canal associate to a commercial port. DCOIT concentrations were associated with the presence of antifouling paint particles in sediments obtained nearby shipyard or boat maintenance sites. The highest levels of TBT, irgarol 1051, and diuron exceeded international sediment quality guidelines indicating that toxic effects could be expected in coastal areas of Panama. Thus, the simultaneous impacts produced by new and old generations of antifouling paints highlight a serious environmental issue in Panamanian coastal areas. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.