Navegando por Palavras-chave "Strength training"

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    Animal model for progressive resistance exercise: a detailed description of model and its implications for basic research in exercise
    (Universidade Estadual Paulista, 2013-03-01) Cassilhas, Ricardo Cardoso [UNIFESP]; Reis, Ismair Teodoro; Venancio, Daniel Paulino [UNIFESP]; Fernandes, Jansen [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular
    The Several animal models have been proposed for resistance training. In addition, the results of these studies have been highly variable. Some of the studies have used negative reinforcement, electric shock or food deprivation to motivate the learning of the task. Features such as conditioning through electric shock may undermine the significance of the results or even prevent the model from being successfully executed. Due to these reasons, in this study we propose to use an adaptation of the vertical ladder climbing model for progressive resistance training in rats, albeit with a unique feature to ensure the homogeneity of the study groups: a period of adaptation to the apparatus without any negative reinforcement followed by a subsequent pairing of animals based on their ability to learn. The animals were distributed in the experimental group who were subjected to 8 weeks of a progressive resistance exercise protocol and the control group. After 8wks, the gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor digitorum longus (FDL), and plantaris muscles were removed and the cross-sectional area morphometry was obtened. The animals from experimental group showed hypertrophy [F(4, 15)=17,404, P < 0.001] for gastrocnemius [60% of hipertrophy; Control (2628,64 ± 348,50) versus Experimental (4207,77 ± 1256,52); ES=1.96; Power=0,86]; FDL [35% of hipertrophy; Control (2753,80 ± 359,54) versus Experimental (3711,84 ± 279,45); ES=2.99; Power=0.99] and plantaris [38% of hipertrophy; Control (2730,44 ± 320,56) versus Experimental (3767,30 ± 625,80); ES=2.19; Power=0.92], without modifications for soleus. All animals successfully completed the 8-week progressive resistance training program without any injuries, abandonment or death. Negative reinforcements such as electric shock were not required at any time in the experiment. In conclusion, we showed an adaptation of the previus model for progressive resistance training in rats. A period of adaptation to the apparatus without any negative reinforcement followed by a subsequent pairing of animals based on their ability to learn may be a alternative strategy for the original protocol. We also observed hypertrophy (gastrocnemius, FDL, and plantaris) showed the vality of this procolos for resistance exercise issues. The results of this study may be useful in basic/ applied neuroscience research and resistance exercise.
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    Avaliação da ingestão de macro e micronutrientes em indivíduos praticantes de treinamento de força
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-11-25) Parmegiani, Ana Claudia [UNIFESP]; Silva, Ana Claudia Parmegiani; Gonçalves, Daniela Caetano [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5735514073305152; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9772222715694937; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    O fisiculturismo é uma modalidade esportiva a qual a performance depende de volume, definição e simetria da massa muscular esquelética, os atletas após meses de treinamento e preparação sobem em um palco e tem seus físicos julgados de acordo com as categorias objetivadas. O treinamento de força aliado com uma dieta adequada são cruciais nesse esporte. Muitas informações sobre alimentação saudável estão facilmente disponíveis nos veículos de comunicação fazendo com que se perpetuem informações que não condizem com a literatura, como a grande importância que é dada a ingestão de proteínas. A adesão a essas condutas tem como consequência a prática de hábitos alimentares escassas de importantes nutrientes que, a longo prazo afetam a performance e a saúde dos indivíduos. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a ingestão de macronutrientes e micronutrientes em homens jovens praticantes de treinamento de força. Dados de recordatórios alimentares e registros alimentares de 59 homens foram analisados do banco de dados do laboratório da Profa. Dra. Daniela Caetano, macro e micronutrientes foram quantificados. Peso foi aferido por uma balança digital e altura por um estadiômetro vertical. No software Multiple Source Method a variabilidade interpessoal foi removida e, os ajustes de energia por uma regressão linear no Excel. Fez-se também a plausibilidade de relato com a necessidade energética estimada. Para as adequações foram usadas as recomendações da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Esportiva e Dietary Reference Intake. Foram encontrados valores de ingestão abaixo das recomendações para praticantes de atividade física para energia, carboidratos, ácidos graxos mono e poliinssaturados, fibra alimentar, folato, cálcio, vitamina A, ácido pantotenico, piridoxina, cobalamina, vitaminas K e E. Os nutrientes com valores de ingestão adequado as recomendações foram gorduras totais, tiamina e riboflavina, enquanto proteína, ferro, zinco, niacina, vitamina C e vitamina D foram consumidos acima das recomendações. Observou-se que 91,53% da amostra teve sub-relato. Os resultados mostram que, praticantes de treinamento de força tem hábitos alimentares insuficientes, sobretudo em carboidratos e vitaminas devido ao consumo exacerbado de proteínas, o que pode acarretar em comprometimento da performance.
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    Efeito do treinamento do método pilates solo na pressão arterial de indivíduos hipertensos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-03-26) Martins, Daniele Tavares [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071198026371230; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Exercise training is a non pharmacological treatment of several diseases, such as hypertension. However, there are few types of exercise researched and shown to be beneficial for this population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training of Pilates Method (PM) on blood pressure (BP) of hypertensive individuals medicated. Were evaluated 44 hypertensive women, medicated, were not engaged in physical exercise and the mean age was 50.5 ± 6.3 years. The volunteers were distributed for convenience into two groups: Trained and Control. Both groups underwent a experimental period of 16 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean (MBP) clinic and ambulatory, heart rate (HR) and double product (DP) pre and post trial period and before and after a session of exercise. The following variables were evaluated physical, quality and perception of sleep, level of sleepiness, level of anxiety, stress and depression, strength, flexibility, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, pre and post the experimental period. These evaluations were performed in both groups to study the behavior of individuals and the variables of interest over time, checking the possible effect of PM training in these variables. For this, we used the model of analysis of variance with repeated measures twoway ANOVA using post hoc Newman-Keuls. Were observed statistically significant improvements (p <0.05) in the trained group compared pre and post experimental period for the following variables: height (161.9 ± 6.0 vs. 162.7 ± 6.0 cm, pre vs. post, respectively); waist circumference (93.2 ± 13.5 vs. 89.9 ± 13.2 cm.), hip circumference (110.8 ± 11.0 vs. 107.9 ± 10.1 cm.), flexibility (25, 7 ± 8.4 vs. 30.0 ± 7.4 cm), power right hand (27.3 ± 5.6 vs. 30.4 ± 4.6 kg), power left hand (26.0 ± 6, 2 vs. 29.8 ± 5.3 kg), rest SBP (124.0 ± 12.3 vs. 114.7 ± 10.1 mmHg); rest DBP (78.0 ± 9.6 vs. 72.2 ± 7.7 mmHg.); rest MBP (93.3 ± 10.1 vs. 86.4 ± 8.1 mmHg); rest DP (9458.0 ± 1413.1 vs. 8554.3 ± 1306.6 mmHg x bpm), 24h SBP(125.6 ± 18.3 vs. 118.5 ± 10.3 mmHg), 24h DBP (78.2 ± 14. 3 vs 74.9 ± 9.5 mmHg);. 24h MBP (94.0 ± 15.3 vs. 89.5 ± 9.4 mmHg); awake SBP (129.1 ± 18.8 vs. 121.5 ± 10.9 mmHg); awake DBP (81.2 ± 14.9 vs 77.9 ± 9.7 mmHg); awake MBP (97.2 ± 15.9 vs 92.4 ± 9.7 mmHg); sleep SBP (117.1 ± 17.8 vs. 111.3 ± 10.5 mmHg), sleep DBP (71.1 ± 13.2 vs. 67.5 ± 9.8 mmHg), sleep MBP (86.4 ± 14.4 vs. 82.1 ± 9.7 mmHg); perception of sleep (35.7 ± 8.1 vs. 28.6 ± 8.5 score); sleep quality (7.5 ± 3.2 vs. 5.3 ± 2.4 score); depression (12.1 ± 8.8 vs. 6.8 ± 7.3 score), stress (0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.4 ± 0.1 score), quality of life (70.5 ± 11.1 vs. 78.4 ± 12.8 score). The Control group didn’t show significant improvements in either group. A 13 single session of PM exercise was able to reduce significantly the SBP from the 15th minute until the 60th minute, after the exercise session (pre x post exercise session) ; HR and DP from 5th minute until the 60th minute after the exercise session (pre x post exercise session). Can be concluded that training of the PM, was able to promote significant reductions in SBP, DBP and MBP, waist and hip circumference, increased strength and flexibility, improved quality and perception of sleep, stress, depression and quality of life and single exercise session was able to promote significant reductions in SBP, MBP, HR and DP of hypertensive women medicated.
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    Efeitos da terapia laser de baixa intensidade associada ao treinamento resistido em quadríceps femoral no desempenho muscular de idosas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-08-30) Toma, Renata Luri [UNIFESP]; Renno, Ana Claudia Muniz [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4106611304688552; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4802965602896674; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: The aim was to evaluate the effects of combination of low level laser therapy (LLLT) and strength training on muscle performance in elderly women. Methods: For this, a hundred elderly women were screened, and 48 met all inclusion criteria to participate in this double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Volunteers were divided in three groups: control (CG = 15), strength training associated with placebo LLLT (TG = 17), and strength training associated with active LLLT (808 nm, 100 mW, 7 J) (TLG = 16). The strength training consisted of knee flexion-extension performed with 80 % of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), twice a week during 8 weeks. LLLT was applied on quadriceps muscle belly after each strength training session. Several outcomes related to muscle performance were analyzed through the 6 minutes walk test (6-MWT), 1-RM, isokinetic dynamometry, surface electromyography (SEMG) and lactate concentration. Results: The results revealed that a higher work (p = 0,0162), peak torque (p = 0,0309), and power (p = 0,0223) were observed in TLG compared to CG. Furthermore, both trained groups increased the 1-RM load (TG vs CG: p = 0,0067 and TLG vs CG: p < 0,0001) and decreased the lactate concentration in the third minute after isokinetic protocol (CG vs TLG: p = 0,0289 and CG vs TG: p = 0,0085). No difference in 6-MWT and in fatigue levels were observed among the groups. Conclusion: The present findings suggested that LLLT in combination with strength training was able to improve muscle performance in elderly people.
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    Efeitos do treinamento físico resistido não linear sobre a força máxima, aptidão funcional e biomarcadores inflamatórios de indivíduos diabéticos do tipo 2
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-01-30) Santos, Gilberto Monteiro dos [UNIFESP]; Pauli, José Rodrigo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a specific protocol of resistance training on maximal strength gains, functional fitness and inflammatory biomarkers in elderly diabetics, irregularly active. The study included 51 subjects with 60 and 85 years, divided into two groups of untrained and trained elderly diabetic people: group diabetic untrained (IDNT, n=20, 6 women and 14 men) which were not subjected to physical training and diabetic group trained (IDT, n=31, 26 women and 5 men) which were subjected to resistance training (TFR). The subjects were trained three times per week for a period of sixteen weeks. The overload used in physical training program was equivalent to 50% of 1RM and 70% of 1RM, alternating weekly. Waist perimeter (WP), index, body mass index (BMI), and the waist -to-hip ratios were determined. The elderly were evaluated in several bodybuilding equipment before and after training by test by one repetition maximum (1RM). Functional fitness was assessed using a battery of tests directed motor evaluation of the elderly, which was composed of five tests: sit and reach test with the Wells’ bank, strength endurance of the arms, agility and dynamic balance, sitting-rising, single-foot balance, and ergospirometry on treadmill. Blood pressure measurements were always taken by the same person with a standard sphygmomanometer. Laboratory tests included determinations of blood glucose, insulin, lipocalin-2, adiponectin, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lipid assays (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels). Moreover, insulin resistance was assessed by the HOMA-IR index. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between the test and post-test in a period of sixteen weeks, for some variables. The average gain strength were 43.20% (knee extension), 65.00% (flexion knee), 27.80% (supine sitting machine), 31.00% (rowing sitting), 43.90% (biceps pulley) and 21.10% (triceps pul ley). In relation to functional fitness the results showed that exercise training improved performance in the sitting-rising test and agility and dynamic balance test. For the other physical abilities tested (flexibility, balance and aerobic capacity) the sixteen weeks of training period were not able to induce statistically significant changes for the elderly diabetics, although there was also a tendency for positive change on assessment of higher limbs strength for the trained group. Regarding laboratory tests found no statistical difference for the variables related to blood pressure, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers. The only exception occurred for analysis of lipocalin -2, which decreases after exercise training. In conclusion, the results show that the nonlinear resistance training had a positive effect on the capacity of strength and functional fitness, especially on performance in the chair stand test and agility and dynamic balance. Furthermore, the training program significantly decreased values lipocalin-2 in elderly diabetics.
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    Efeitos do treinamento funcional isolado, da terapia interdisciplinar e da educação em saúde sobre adaptações cardiorrespiratórias e fisiológicas de mulheres com obesidade
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2020-03-16) Teixeira, Cauê Vazquez La Scala [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Ricardo José [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2738281530091229; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7172452010953459; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: A obesidade é uma doença crônica em crescimento acelerado. Além de ser responsável direta por diversas mortes ao redor do mundo, a obesidade está associada ao desenvolvimento de diversas doenças (comorbidades) que elevam as chances de morbidade e mortalidade precoce. Porém, elevados níveis de aptidão cardiorrespiratória parecem gerar efeito protetor contra morbidade e mortalidade, mesmo em pessoas com obesidade. Assim, o foco no tratamento da obesidade deve se dar não somente sobre a perda de peso, mas também sobre o aumento da aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Objetivos: Analisar e comparar os efeitos do treinamento funcional (TF) realizado de forma isolada, da terapia interdisciplinar (INT) e da educação em saúde (ES) sobre aptidão cardiorrespiratória e variáveis fisiológicas em mulheres adultas com obesidade. Métodos: Quarenta e quatro mulheres completaram 30 semanas de intervenção distribuídas de forma randomizada em 3 grupos: TF (n=14, idade=39,7±6,6 anos, IMC=34,5±2,6 kg/m²), INT (n=19, idade=39,0±5,5 anos, IMC=35,8±3,0 kg/m²) e ES (n=11, idade=41,0±6,3 anos, IMC=36,3±2,7 kg/m²). O TF foi submetido a treinamento físico combinado (exercício aeróbios + exercícios resistidos funcionais) com frequência de 3x/sem, INT recebeu a mesma intervenção de treinamento complementada por intervenções de Nutrição (1x/sem), Psicologia (1x/sem) e Fisioterapia (1x/sem) e o ES participou de encontros interdisciplinares com temas relacionados à promoção de saúde em geral (1x/mês). Avaliações de consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), variáveis antropométricas, cardiometabólicas, hormonais e nível de atividade física foram realizadas nos momentos pré e pós-intervenção. Resultados: Todas as intervenções proporcionaram resultados favoráveis à melhora do perfil de saúde das voluntárias, porém a terapia INT mostrou-se superior às demais, em virtude de ter influenciado positivamente mais variáveis. Em INT, foram observadas melhora no VO2máx (↑10,8%), massa corporal (MC; ↓4,4% ), índice de massa corporal (IMC; ↓4,4%), massa gorda (MG; ↓2,3% ), perímetro de cintura (PC; ↓5,1% ), relação cintura-estatura (RCE; ↓5,1% ), pressão arterial (PA) sistólica (↓3,8%) , glicemia (GLIC; ↓14,1% ) e leptina (LEP; ↓10,8%). Em TF, observou-se melhora do VO2máx (↑7,5%), PC (↓3,4%), RCE (↓3,4%) e GLIC (↓19,4%). Já em ES, MC (↓3,7%), IMC (↓3,7%), PC (↓3,5%), RCE (↓3,5%), PA sistólica (↓12,6%), diastólica (↓11,5%) e média (↓10,3%) , GLIC (↓16,0%) e razão leptina-adipnectina (↓18,1%) melhoraram após a intervenção. Conclusão: O presente estudo revelou superioridade da INT sobre os demais modelos de intervenção para tratamento da obesidade. A INT promoveu melhora no VO2máx e variáveis antropométricas analisadas, além de melhora em parte das variáveis cardiometabólicas e hormonais. ES pode ser uma opção quando o objetivo for a melhora das variáveis antropométricas, cardiometabólicas e hormonais, e o TF pode ser alternativa quando o foco se dá sobre o VO2máx de mulheres com obesidade.
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    The effect of different training programs on antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes
    (Canadian Science Publishing, Nrc Research Press, 2012-04-01) Oliveira, Vanessa Neves de; Bessa, Artur; Jorge, Maria Luiza Mendonça Pereira; Oliveira, Renato Jose da Silva; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; De Agostini, Guilherme Gularte; Jorge, Paulo Tannus; Espindola, Foued Salmen; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    We compared the effects of 12 weeks of 3 different exercise types on type 2 diabetic (T2DM) male and female human subjects, randomly divided into 4 groups: aerobic training (AT; n = 11), strength training (ST; n = 10), combined training (CBT; n = 10), and no training (NT; n = 12). Metabolic control, anthropometric parameters, lipid and hematological profiles, kidney and liver function markers, hormones, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress markers were assessed prior to and after the training programs. At baseline, fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A(1c) in the ST group were higher than in the NT group; after the training, we no longer observed differences in these groups, suggesting an improvement on these parameters. in the AT group, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, nitrite concentration, levels of sulfhydryl groups, and peak rate of oxygen consumption were elevated after the training (p < 0.05). No changes were observed in antioxidant enzymes or oxidative stress markers in the ST group. the levels of sulfhydryl groups diminished in the NT group (p < 0.01) and increased in the CBT group (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that the AT program for the T2DM subjects provided important upregulation in antioxidant enzymes and increased nitric oxide bioavailability, which may help minimize oxidative stress and the development of the chronic complications of diabetes. We propose that the beneficial effects observed in the metabolic parameters of the ST group occurred in response to the poor baseline metabolic health n this group, and not necessarily in response to the training itself.
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    Effect of three exercise programs on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    (Assoc Bras Divulg Cientifica, 2009-03-01) Dourado, Victor Zuniga [UNIFESP]; Tanni, Suzana Erico; Antunes, Letícia Cláudia de Oliveira; Paiva, Sergio Alberto Rupp de; Campana, Álvaro Oscar; Renno, Ana Claudia Muniz [UNIFESP]; Godoy, Irma de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    We compared the effect of three different exercise programs on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including strength training at 50-80% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) (ST; N = 11), low-intensity general training (LGT; N = 13), or combined training groups (CT; N = 11). Body composition, muscle strength, treadmill endurance test (TEnd), 6-min walk test (6MWT), Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and baseline dyspnea (BDI) were assessed prior to and after the training programs (12 weeks). The training modalities showed similar improvements (P > 0.05) in SGRQ-total (ST = 13 +/- 14%; CT = 12 +/- 14%; LGT = 11 +/- 10%), BDI (ST = 1.8 +/- 4; CT = 1.8 +/- 3; LGT = 1 +/- 2), 6MWT (ST = 43 +/- 51 m; CT = 48 +/- 50 m; LGT = 31 +/- 75 m), and TEnd (ST = 11 +/- 20 min; CT = 11 +/- 11 min; LGT = 7 +/- 5 min). In the ST and CT groups, an additional improvement in 1-RM values was shown (P < 0.05) compared to the LGT group (ST = 10 +/- 6 to 57 +/- 36 kg; CT = 6 +/- 2 to 38 +/- 16 kg; LGT = 1 +/- 2 to 16 +/- 12 kg). The addition of strength training to our current training program increased muscle strength; however, it produced no additional improvement in walking endurance, dyspnea or quality of life. A simple combined training program provides benefits without increasing the duration of the training sessions.
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    Effects of home-based exercise training for patients with chronic heart failure and sleep apnoea: a randomized comparison of two different programmes
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2012-01-01) Servantes, Denise Maria [UNIFESP]; Pelcerman, Amalia [UNIFESP]; Salvetti, Xiomara Miranda [UNIFESP]; Salles, Ana Fátima [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Pedro Ferreira de [UNIFESP]; Alves de Salles, Fernando Cezar [UNIFESP]; Lopes, Cleide [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Dirceu Rodrigues de [UNIFESP]; Oliveira Filho, Japy Angelini [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: To evaluate the effects of home-based exercise for patients with chronic heart failure and sleep apnoea and to compare two different training programmes.Design: A randomized, prospective controlled trial.Setting: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Brazil.Subjects: Fifty chronic heart failure patients with sleep apnoea were randomized in three groups: Group 1 (aerobic training, n = 18), Group 2 (aerobic with strength training, n = 18), and Group 3 (untrained, n = 14).Interventions: the training programme for Groups 1 and 2 began with three supervised exercise sessions, after they underwent three months of home-based exercise. Patients were followed by weekly telephone call and were reviewed monthly. Group 3 had the status of physical activity evaluated weekly by interview to make sure they remained untrained.Main outcome measures: At baseline and after three months: cardiopulmonary exercise testing, isokinetic strength and endurance, Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire and polysomnography. Adherence was evaluated weekly.Results: of the 50 patients enrolled in the study, 45 completed the programme. Clinical events: Group 1 (one death), Group 2 (one myocardial infarction), Group 3 (one death and two strokes). None were training related. Training groups showed improvement in all outcomes evaluated and the adherence was an important factor (Group 1 = 98.5% and Group 2 = 100.2%, P = 0.743). Untrained Group 3 demonstrated significant decrease or no change on measurements after three months without training.Conclusion: Home-based exercise training is an important therapeutic strategy in chronic heart failure patients with sleep apnoea, and strength training resulted in a higher increase in muscle strength and endurance.
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    The effects of preventive rubber band training on shoulder joint imbalance and throwing performance in handball players: A randomized and prospective study
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Mascarin, Naryana Cristina [UNIFESP]; Barbosa de Lira, Claudio Andre; Vancini, Rodrigo Luiz; da Silva, Antonio Carlos; Andrade, Marilia Santos [UNIFESP]
    Objectives: To investigate the effects of a strength training program (STP) using rubber band exercises. Methods: Twenty-five athletes were divided into two groups: muscular imbalance in the dominant (D) and in the non-dominant (ND) upper limbs. Each group was subdivided into experimental and control groups. Experimental groups performed eighteen sessions of STP. Athletes were submitted to ball throwing and isokinetic strength tests to assess the muscular strength of the shoulder rotator muscles and conventional and functional balance ratios. Results: STP improved external rotator peak torque (18.0 +/- 0.8 to 21.3 +/- 1.0 Nm, p < 0.01) and total work (29.3 +/- 0.9 to 34.5 +/- 1.5 J, p < 0.01) in the D experimental group, while only total work (34.8 +/- 2.5 to 37.6 +/- 3.1 J, p < 0.03) improved in the D control group. The ND experimental group also presented significant improvement in external rotator peak torque (18.8 +/- 0.8 to 21.1 +/- 1.3 Nm, p < 0.01) and total work values (29.0 +/- 1.4 to 34.6 to 1.6 J, p < 0.01) while there was no strength improvement in the ND control group. The ND experimental group showed an improvement in conventional (61.5 +/- 3.5 to 72.7 +/- 3.0%, p = 0.03) and functional (1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.6 +/- 0.08, p < 0.01) ratios. STP did not improve the conventional ratio in the D experimental group. However, STP produced a large effect size. The D experimental group presented an improvement in ball velocity (49.0 +/- 2.4 to 52.5 +/- 2.2 km/h, p = 0.04) in standing position throwing. Conclusions: STP improves muscular strength of external rotator muscles and muscular balance. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Linear and undulating periodized strength plus aerobic training promote similar benefits and lead to improvement of insulin resistance on obese adolescents
    (Elsevier B.V., 2015-03-01) Inoue, Daniela Sayuri [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Foschini, Denis [UNIFESP]; Lira, Fabio Santos de; Piano, Aline de [UNIFESP]; Campos, Raquel Munhoz da Silveira [UNIFESP]; Sanches, Priscila de Lima [UNIFESP]; Silva, Patricia Leao da [UNIFESP]; Corgosinho, Flavia Campos [UNIFESP]; Rossi, Fabricio Eduardo; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Dâmaso, Ana Raimunda [UNIFESP]; Post Grad Program Nutr; Assoc Found Incent Psychobiol; Dept Psychobiol; Univ Estadual Paulista; Dept Biosci; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The present study compares the effectiveness of three types of physical training for obesity control in adolescents submitted to a long-term interdisciplinary therapy. Forty-five post-puberty obese adolescents (15-18yo) were randomly placed in three different groups of physical trainings: aerobic training (AT n = 20), aerobic plus strength training with linear periodization (LP n = 13) and aerobic plus strength training with daily undulating periodization (DUP n = 12). the body composition was evaluated by air-displacement plethysmography; the rest metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry; serum analysis was collected after an overnight fasting. the most important finding of this study was that both LP and DUP groups improved lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin concentration (p < 0.01). the linear regression showed a negative association between delta (%) adiponectin and delta (%) insulin (p < 0.05). Each group presented a significant reduction in body mass, body mass index and fat mass (kg) after short and long-term intervention (p < 0.01). However, the AT group reduced the fat-free mass after short-term intervention (p < 0.01) and enhanced protein oxidation (p < 0.01), whereas only LP group was able to increase the fat-free mass and maintain the rest metabolic rate (RMR). There was a negative correlation between percentage of protein oxidation and RMR (r = -0.75) in all groups. the interdisciplinary therapy models that included aerobic plus strength training were more effective than only aerobic training to improve lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, as well as the inflammatory state by increasing adiponectin. in all groups were observed an improvement on anthropometric profile. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Low level laser therapy associated with a strength training program on muscle performance in elderly women: a randomized double blind control study
    (Springer London Ltd, 2016) Toma, Renata Luri [UNIFESP]; Vasso, Patricia Gabrielli [UNIFESP]; Assis, Livia [UNIFESP]; Antunes, Hanna Karen Moreira [UNIFESP]; Renno, Ana Claudia Muniz [UNIFESP]
    The aging process leads to a gradual loss of muscle mass and muscle performance, leading to a higher functional dependence. Within this context, many studies have demonstrated the benefits of a combination of physical exercise and low level laser therapy (LLLT) as an intervention that enhances muscle performance in young people and athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination of LLLT and strength training on muscle performance in elderly women. For this, a hundred elderly women were screened, and 48 met all inclusion criteria to participate in this double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Volunteers were divided in three groups: control (CG = 15), strength training associated with placebo LLLT (TG = 17), and strength training associated with active LLLT (808 nm, 100 mW, 7 J) (TLG = 16). The strength training consisted of knee flexion-extension performed with 80 % of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) during 8 weeks. Several outcomes related to muscle performance were analyzed through the 6-min walk test (6-MWT), isokinetic dynamometry, surface electromyography (SEMG), lactate concentration, and 1-RM. The results revealed that a higher work (p = 0.0162), peak torque (p = 0.0309), and power (p = 0.0223) were observed in TLG compared to CG. Furthermore, both trained groups increased the 1-RM load (TG vs CG: p = 0.0067 and TLG vs CG: p < 0.0001) and decreased the lactate concentration in the third minute after isokinetic protocol (CG vs TLG: p = 0.0289 and CG vs TG: p = 0.0085). No difference in 6-MWT and in fatigue levels were observed among the groups. The present findings suggested that LLLT in combination with strength training was able to improve muscle performance in elderly people.
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    Manual Resistance versus Conventional Resistance Training: Impact on Strength and Muscular Endurance in Recreationally Trained Men
    (Journal Sports Science & Medicine, 2017) Chulvi-Medrano, Iván; Rial, Tamara; Cortell-Tormo, Juan M.; Alakhdar, Yasser; Teixeira, Cauê Vazquez La Scala [UNIFESP]; Masiá-Tortosa, Laura; Dorgo, Sandor
    Manual resistance training (MRT) has been widely used in the field of physical therapy. It has also been used as a strength training method due to the accommodating resistance nature of this modality. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of an 8-week MRT program on maximum strength and muscular endurance in comparison to conventional resistance training in recreationally trained men. Twenty healthy recreationally trained male subjects were recruited and divided into a MRT training group and a conventional training (CT) group. CT group performed bench press and lat pull-down exercises, and the MRT group performed similar movements with resistance provided by a personal trainer. Both groups completed similar training protocol and training load: 2 training sessions weekly for 3 sets of 8 repetitions at an intensity of 8 to 10 on the perceived exertion scale of 0-10. Initial maximum strength differences were not significant between the groups. Neither group showed significant changes in muscular strength or endurance. Despite the statistically non-significant pre-to post differences, a trend for improvement was observed and effect size (ES) calculations indicated greater magnitude of effects for strength and endurance changes in the MRT group in lat pulldown (g=0.84) compared to CT group. Effectiveness of MRT is similar to CT for improving muscular strength and endurance. MRT can be used as a supplemental or alternative strength training modality for recreationally trained subjects, or be considered by personal trainers especially in low equipped facility conditions.
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    Metabolic and hormonal responses to different resistance training systems in elderly men
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Paunksnis, Marcos R.; Evangelista, Alexandre Lopes; Teixeira, Cauê Vazquez La Scala [UNIFESP]; João, Gustavo Alegretti; Pitta, Rafael M.; Alonso, Angelica Castilho; Figueira Junior, Aylton José; Serra, Andrey Jorge; Baker, Julien S.; Schoenfeld, Brad Jon; Bocalini, Danilo Sales
    Objective: To compare acute and sub-acute responses in hormonal profile and metabolic parameters in elderly people who participated in two methods of strength training (ST) with equalized loads.Methods and materials: A total of 12 elder individuals (653years) were randomly assigned to two training methods: constant intensity (CI, 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 75% of 1RM) and variable intensity (VI, 1st set: 12 repetitions at 67% of 1RM>2nd set: 10 repetitions at 75% of 1RM and 3rd set: 8 repetitions at 80% of 1RM). Both methods included the following exercises: leg press, knee extension, and squat with 1min rest intervals between sets. Free speed of execution and maximum range of movement were encouraged throughout each set for both protocols. Blood samples were analyzed included glucose, testosterone (T), cortisol (C), T/C rate, growth hormone (GH), and lactate at 2 and 24h post intervention.Results: There were no observed differences in glucose, testosterone, GH, and lactate concentrations both at 2 and 24h after the execution of the two training methods. However, significant increases in the levels of T/C rate and decrease on cortisol were observed immediately post exercise for both protocols.Conclusions: Although no significant differences were observed between the two interventions in relation to the hormonal and metabolic parameters analyzed, both training methods promoted a favorable response, with a slight superiority noted for the CI method relative to the hormonal profile.
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    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Programa de treinamento resistido manual no desempenho neuromuscular em praticantes de jiu-jítsu brasileiro
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2020-10-26) Santos, Caio Marques Silva [UNIFESP]; Lambertucci, Rafael Herling [UNIFESP]; Teixeira, Cauê Vazquez La Scala [UNIFESP]; Praxedes, Leide de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7172452010953459; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0266819401910733; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5826005580515987; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5528251264938868; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    O Jiu-jítsu brasileiro é uma arte marcial de luta corporalque exige diferentes capacidades biomotoras de seus praticantes, como força, velocidade, agilidade, potência aeróbia e anaeróbia. O treinamento de força é uma prática comum em diferentes esportes, incluindo as lutas, sendo o treinamento resistido manual (TRM) um treino de força alternativo, baseado numa técnica em que há aplicação de resistência manual durante a execução dos exercícios, ou seja, o professor ou parceiro de treino aplica, de forma manual, resistência oposta ao movimento executado pelo outro praticante ou aluno, logo não há necessidade do uso de equipamentos, utilizando apenas o corpo e sua força como resistência. Além disso, o TRM possui algumas vantagens quando comparado ao treinamento tradicional com pesos, é mais acessível, por não haver a necessidade de instrumentos com pesos. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar um protocolo de treinamento resistido manual que possa contribuir para o desenvolvimento das capacidades exigidas pelo Jiu-jítsu, podendo vir a ser utilizado no treinamento de seus praticantes. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho fez-se uma busca de artigos científicos nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Lilacs compreendidos nos últimos 15 anos nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, utilizando-se as palavras-chave: Jiu-jítsu, treinamento resistido manual, treinamento de força e treinamento alternativo. Foi elaborado um protocolo de Treinamento Resistido Manual, podendo ser realizado durante a sessão de treinamento de Jiu-Jitsu, visando os ganhos neuromusculares acometidos pela prática. Os praticantes devem ser submetidos a uma sequência de avaliações antes e após da aplicação do protocolo de exercícios, realizando quatro testes respectivamente na seguinte ordem: Salto Vertical; Teste de Arremesso de Bola Medicinal; Teste de agachamento; Suspensão na barra fixa. O protocolo do TRM deve ser aplicado por 5 semanas, três dias alternados. As sessões de exercício devem ser compostas por cinco exercícios, contemplando os grupos muscularesmultiarticulares e monoarticulares dos membros superiores e membros inferiores. Os exercícios devem ser realizados na seguinte ordem: supino reto deitado; remada fechada com a faixa; desenvolvimento aberto; flexão de joelhos deitado; extensão de joelhos deitado, quatro séries de 10 repetições, contendo intervalos de um minuto, com controle de carga através da Percepção Subjetiva de Esforço Adaptada (CR- Borg). Utilizando a zona de aplicação de resistência entre 8-9.
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    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Resistance training with slow speed of movement is better for hypertrophy and muscle strength gains than fast speed of movement.
    (Int Journal Applied Exercise Physiology, 2016) Pereira, Paulo Eduardo de Assis [UNIFESP]; Motoyama, Yuri Lopes [UNIFESP]; Esteves, Gilmar de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Quinelato, William Carlos [UNIFESP]; Botter, Luciano [UNIFESP]; Tanaka, Kelvin Hiroyuki [UNIFESP]; Azevedo, Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de [UNIFESP]
    Repetition speed is an important variable during resistance training. However, the effects of different speeds on the muscular strength and hypertrophy in isotonic resistance training are not clear. The study compared fast speed with slow speed of isotonic resistance training on muscular strength and hypertrophy in well-trained adults. Twelve healthy adults were randomly assigned into two groups: fast speed (FS) and low speed (SS). Muscle hypertrophy was measured by an ultrasound examination of the cross-sectional area of the brachial biceps muscle. Muscular strength was verified by 1 RM test. To check the possible differences in strength and hypertrophy between pre and post training and between groups there were compared by two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements and the effect size (ES) was calculated. Improvement in the cross-sectional area (P=0.019) and muscular strength (P=0.021) in the SS group between pre and post training was verified. The SS group had bigger effect sizes than FS group for hypertrophy and strength from pre to post training. SS training was more effective to improve hypertrophy and muscle strength in well-trained adults.
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    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Respostas agudas e subagudas dotreinamento resistido em normotensos e hipertensos: comparação entre pesos livres e resistência manual
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-02-02) Teixeira, Cauê Vazquez La Scala [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Ricardo José [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2738281530091229; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective:To compare the acute and sub acute hemodynamic, biochemical and psychobiological responses between manual resistance training (TRM) and free weight resistance training (TRPL) in normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) men. Methods:26 men (14 NT, 40.29+8.63 years, BMI = 26.53+5.24 Kg/m²; 12 HT, 46.00+9.13 years, BMI = 32.51+4.41 Kg/m²), non-exercising,underwent single TRM and TRPL workouts, with a minimum interval of 72 hours between them. It were measured: blood pressure (PA), double product (DP), capillary glycemia (GLIC), capillary lactate (LAC), feeling (AFET), anxiety (ANS) and mood (HUM). Different assessment times were adopted for each variable: GLIC, LAC, ANS, TENS and HUM (pre and post); DP and AFET (half and post); PA (pre and 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes post). In addition, one questionnaire was applied to identify positive and negative points of both interventions. For data analysis, we used analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni's post hoc. It adopted P <0.05 for significance level. To ANS and HUM, itwas used delta percentage (?%) and effect size (ES). The analysis of the qualitative questionnaire considered the frequency that each positive and negative points were quoted. Results:TRM and TRPL were similar in PA responses after training in both groups. In HT, there was post exercise hypotension 15, 30 and 60 minutes post in mean blood pressure and blood pressure average in both interventions. The DP was greater in the TRM, but within the limits of cardiovascular safety. The LAC increased in both interventions, however it was higher in TRM. The GLIC decreased compared to pre in both interventions. No intervention was effective in significantly improve the initial values of ANS, however the TRM had more relevant delta and ES. The AFET during and post the sessions did not differ between groups and interventions, and the reported averages were positive ("good"). In negative factor of HUM, the TRM provided greater magnitude to decrease in ?% and ES. TRM had more positives and less negatives points mentioned by the sample relative to TRPL. Conclusion:TRM is a viable and safety alternative for application of TR in NT and HT, reducing the need for place or specific equipment.
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    A strength exercise program in rats with epilepsy is protective against seizures
    (Elsevier B.V., 2012-11-01) Peixinho-Pena, Luiz Fernando [UNIFESP]; Fernandes, Jansen [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Alexandre Aparecido de [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Fabiano Guimaraes Novaes [UNIFESP]; Cassilhas, Ricardo Cardoso [UNIFESP]; Venancio, Daniel Paulino [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The beneficial effects of physical exercise on epilepsy, such as a decreased seizure frequency, have been observed following aerobic exercise programs in both clinical and experimental studies. However, it is not well clarified whether other types of exercise, including strength exercise, can provide similar benefits for epilepsy. Forty four animals with epilepsy were continuously monitored 24 h a day for 60 days and divided into two periods of 30 days. the first period was used to determine the number of seizures before beginning the physical exercise program, and the second period was utilized to determine the number of seizures during the strength training. the mean frequency of seizures in the control and SHAM groups increased significantly from period 1 to period 2. Although the frequency of seizures did not change significantly between the two periods of 30 days of observation in the strength exercise group, a significant reduction in the seizure frequency was observed compared with the control and SHAM groups in period 2. Our study demonstrated that a strength exercise program exerted a significant influence on the seizure frequency in animals with epilepsy and strengthens the observed beneficial effect of exercise on epilepsy that has been demonstrated in animal studies. the finding of this nonclinical study can open a new window to verify the beneficial contribution of strength exercise in epilepsy. Further experimental and clinical investigations are necessary to explore the extent to which strength exercise interferes with the epileptic condition. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Tratamento do linfedema de membro superior após a cirurgia de câncer de mama por meio do fortalecimento muscular associado à terapia física complexa
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-12-31) Luz, Roberta Pitta Costa [UNIFESP]; Facina, Gil [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1029334251705417; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1907017865270272; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: Compare the complex physical therapy alone or with the combination of muscle strength training in patients with lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer. Methods: Prospective randomized study trial selected patients from April 2014 to December 2015. The complex physical therapy (CPT) group performed CPT and the strengthening group (ST) held CPT associated with muscle strengthening. The study enrolled 42 patients, six included by intention to treat, with CPT group (n=22) the ST group (n= 20).Patients in group strengthening performed 2 sets of 10 repetitions exercises at 40% of maximum resistance during the first week, increasing to 3 sets with 10 repetitions during the second week and on the third week 3 sets with 15 repetitions. The treatment was carried out for eight weeks, 50 minutes per session, twice per week. From sixteen sessions, patients could have no more than four absences, totaling at least twelve sessions at the end of the study. Results: Both groups showed similar improvement, increasing the range of motion in: shoulder flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and external rotation. The same did not happen with internal rotation, which showed less improvement in ST group compared to the CPT (p=0,034). For shoulder strength variables, both groups showed the same pattern of improvement. Regarding upper limb volumetry, the ST group had a greater volume when compared to CPT group (p=0,006), both before and after treatment. However, the effect of variance between time and group was not significant (p=0.797). On ST group there was a reduction on lymphedema volume comparing before (1ª session) and after (16ª session) treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion: There was no difference between CPT associated with strengthening exercises and performed alone. However, strengthening exercises can be performed by patients with lymphedema without increasing the risk of upper limb volume.
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    Tratamento fisioterapêutico para o fortalecimento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico após o parto vaginal: revisão sistemática
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-01-04) Bairrada, Isabelle Loureiro Gaza [UNIFESP]; Zanetti, Míriam Raquel Diniz [UNIFESP]; Bardin, Marcela Grigol; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6613236180008745; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9708331128224695; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1360309360392302; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: A musculatura do assoalho pélvico atua na sustentação de órgãos, manutenção do tônus muscular, continências urinária e fecal e função sexual. A gestação e o parto vaginal são considerados fatores de risco para disfunções do assoalho pélvico, como incontinência urinária, incontinência fecal, prolapso de órgãos pélvicos e disfunções sexuais. A contração incorreta e a fraqueza da musculatura do assoalho pélvico também são considerados fatores de risco para suas disfunções. O treino dessa musculatura é um dos recursos fisioterapêuticos, considerado padrão-ouro para tratamento de incontinência urinária, com benefícios comprovados em puérperas. Entretanto, a falta de padronização dos protocolos de tratamento traz lacunas para o conhecimento científico. Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade de um programa de fortalecimento da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, na força muscular, função urinária e função sexual. Métodos: revisão sistemática cadastrada na plataforma International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) sob o registro CRD42020176709, envolvendo Ensaios Clínicos Aleatorizados. Bases de dados utilizadas: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PEDro, LILACS, SciELO, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) e MEDLINE, além de literatura cinzenta (site do Open Grey). Foram selecionados ECAs que realizaram programa de fortalecimento do assoalho pélvico, após o parto, em mulheres primíparas, até um ano após o parto vaginal. O risco de viés foi avaliado por meio da Escala PEDro, por dois avaliadores. A análise quantitativa foi realizada através do programa “Review Manager version 5.3”. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.381 artigos, com 508 duplicatas. Após leitura dos títulos e resumos, 79 foram incluídos para leitura completa, dos quais apenas oito foram incluídos para análise. A maior parte dos artigos realizou a comparação entre TMAP e instruções sobre TMAP. Por meio da Escala PEDro, três artigos incluídos pontuaram 8, um pontuou 7, um pontuou 6, dois pontuaram 5 e apenas um artigo pontuou 4. Os principais desfechos avaliados foram força de contração da MAP, tempo de sustentação, IU e função sexual. A força foi avaliada principalmente por manometria e Escala de Oxford; a IU, através de questionários e do Pad Test; e a função sexual, por meio de questionários. Cinco estudos apresentaram melhora da força da MAP no GI; dois apresentaram melhora significativa da IU, no GI; e dois apresentaram melhora significativa da função sexual no GI. Apenas dois estudos foram incluídos na meta-análise e o resultado mostrou que o TMAP aumentou significativamente a força muscular (p<0.00001; SMD = 4.41 [95% CI, 2.64, 6.19]; I² = 0%) e o tempo de sustentação da contração da MAP (p<0.00001; SMD = 42.98 [95% CI, 25.00, 60.96]; I² = 0%). Conclusão: O TMAP foi benéfico para primíparas, em até um ano após o parto vaginal, gerando melhora da força da MAP, de IU e da função sexual. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos, de boa qualidade, com maior homogeneidade entre seus protocolos e populações.