Navegando por Palavras-chave "Street children"

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    Characteristics and Professional Use of Voice in Street Children in Aracaju, Brazil
    (Elsevier B.V., 2010-07-01) Sales, Neuza Josina; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz; Rebelo Goncalves, Maria Ines [UNIFESP]; Cunha, Edilson; Prado Barreto, Valeria Maria; Todt Neto, Joao Carlos; D'Avila, Jeferson Sampaio; Univ Fed Sergipe; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Sao Lucas Hosp
    The objective of the study was to evaluate voice characteristics of children engaged in street selling, which involves an essentially professional use of voice in this population. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out. A randomly chosen sample of 200 school children with a history of street selling assisted by public social services and 400 school children without this experience was selected. Seven- to 10-year-old children of both sexes were studied. Both groups were interviewed and given vocal assessment (auditory-perceptual assessment and spectrographic acoustic measures) and otorhinolaryngological evaluation (physical and videonasolaryngoscopic examination). Children with abnormal results in both groups were compared using chi(2) (Chi-squared test). the significance level was established at 5% (P < 0.05). Voice problems were detected more frequently in working children (106-53%) than in regular school children (90-22.5%). the control group achieved better school performance as more children in this group attend school regularly than street children, although age-for-grade deficit was similar. the control group had more access to medical visits (80-40%) and treatment with a doctor (34-17%). Language assessment has shown that the control group had more dysphonia (73-37%) and myofunctional orofacial disorders (20-10%). Street children had more normal voice but had more nasal disorders and greater glottal closure than the school control group. Voice disorders were present in both groups, but less frequently in street children. Although subject to inadequate living conditions, street children had better voice quality than the control group. An explanation could be that by adapting their voice professionally for selling goods in the streets, they developed adequate resilience to their difficult living conditions.
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    Children working on the streets in Brazil: predictors of mental health problems
    (Springer, 2013-03-01) Maciel, Mariana R. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Andrea F. [UNIFESP]; Fossaluza, Victor; Nobrega, Luciana P. [UNIFESP]; Cividanes, Giuliana C. [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair J. [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo F. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
    The objective of this study was to determine which factors predict higher risk for mental health problems in children working on the streets. We studied a sample of families that had at least one child working on the streets, from October 2008 to March 2009. the instruments applied were the parent version strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) for children and caregivers, the WorldSAFE core questionnaire, the global assessment of relational functioning scale (GARF), the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS), and a socio-demographic questionnaire. 191 children between 7 and 14 years of age were analyzed; 126 (66 %) were working on the streets, and 65 were siblings who did not work on the streets. Multivariate analysis showed that mental health problems in the caregivers, violent behaviors of the caregivers toward the children, absence of a partner living in the house, and lower levels of family functioning increased the risk of mental health problems in the children. Caregivers reported severe forms of physical punishment against their children in 62 % of cases. Caregivers who had suffered sexual abuse and emotional negligence in childhood were more violent with their children. Factors that increased risk for mental health symptoms in these children were caregivers' psychopathology, physical punishment at home, single-parent structure, and poor family functioning. Work on the streets did not influence the children's mental health, when multiple risk factors were considered; family characteristics were the most significant in this sample.
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    Exposure to maltreatment and urban violence in children working on the streets in São Paulo, Brazil: factors associated with street work
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2014-09-01) Mello, Andrea Feijó [UNIFESP]; Maciel, Mariana R.; Fossaluza, Victor; Paula, Cristiane Silvestre de [UNIFESP]; Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Cavalcante-Nóbrega, Luciana Porto [UNIFESP]; Cividanes, Giuliana C.; Soussumi, Yusaku; Soussumi, Sonia P.; Perissinotti, Dirce N.m.; Bordin, Isabel Altenfelder Santos [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo Feijó de [UNIFESP]; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Graduate Program in Developmental Disorders; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Graduate Department of Psychology; RUKHA Institute and Center for Studies and Research in Neuropsychoanalysis (CEINP)
    Objective: To quantitatively study the exposure to childhood maltreatment and urban violence in children from families with at least one child working on the streets and to investigate the relationship between these factors and street work. Methods: Families who participated in a nongovernmental organization (NGO) program to eliminate child labor were included. Data concerning sociodemographic characteristics, punishment methods used in the family environment against the children, five types of abuse and neglect perpetrated by the caregivers, urban violence exposure and family functioning were collected. Results: The sample included 126 children who were working on the streets and 65 siblings who were not working on the streets. Caregivers reported high levels of severe physical punishment. The children reported high levels of abuse and neglect, and high levels of urban violence exposure. The families showed a predominance of dysfunctional and unsatisfactory relationships. A multiple logistic regression model showed that age older than 12 years and severe physical punishment at home were associated with street work. Conclusion: Interventions to decrease the risk of child street work should be family-focused and should aim to reduce violence in the family environment.
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    Factors related to the cortisol awakening response of children working on the streets and siblings, before and after 2 years of a psychosocial intervention
    (Elsevier B.V., 2015-02-01) Mello, Andrea Feijo [UNIFESP]; Juruena, Mario Francisco; Maciel, Mariana Range [UNIFESP]; Cavalcante-Nobrega, Luciana Porto [UNIFESP]; Cividanes, Giuliana Claudia [UNIFESP]; Fossaluza, Victor; Calsavara, Vinicius; Mello, Marcelo Feijo [UNIFESP]; Cleare, Anthony James; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Kings Coll London
    The study objective was to observe the cortisol awakening response (CAR) pattern before and after a psychosocial intervention with children from dysfunctional families who had at least one child working on the streets, and to verify factors related to it. Two hundred and eleven children between 7 and 14 years old were selected and 191 were included, 178 were re-evaluated 2 years after, of whom 113 had cortisol measures completed. Besides cortisol, they were evaluated at baseline and at end point regarding: abuse/neglect, mental health symptoms, exposure to urban violence and family environment. There was no significant difference between the CAR area under the curve (AUC) before and after the intervention. Two regression analysis models were built to evaluate factors related to the CAR before and after intervention. Before the intervention, working on the streets (vs. not) was related to a greater cortisol increase after awakening, at follow-up, having suffered physical punishment (vs. not) was related to a flattened cortisol response. the intervention was not associated with changes in the magnitude of the CAR AUC, though the CAR was associated with psychosocial stressors pre- and post-intervention. Effective interventions for children at risk that might shape a physiological cortisol response are still needed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Mental health of children who work on the streets in Brazil after enrollment in a psychosocial program
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Hoffmann, Elis Viviane [UNIFESP]; Duarte, Cristiane Seixas; Fossaluza, Victor; Milani, Ana Carolina Coelho [UNIFESP]; Maciel, Mariana Rangel [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo Feijó de [UNIFESP]; Mello, Andrea Feijó [UNIFESP]
    To evaluate the mental health status of children working on the streets in Sao Paulo City, Brazil, two years after their participation in a psychosocial program, and to identify factors associated with their mental health status. From a total sample of 126 children working on the streets, 107 (85%) were re-evaluated two years after the initiation of a psychosocial program which aimed to cease their work on the streets. The focus was the presence of mental health problems, defined based on a screening instrument (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Logistic regression models tested factors related to the probability that a child would not present mental health problems at follow-up. The likelihood of a child presenting mental health problems was higher at baseline compared to the two-year follow-up (67.5 and 56.1%, respectively). Absence of mental health problems two years after a psychosocial intervention was significantly correlated with the following baseline factors: lower level of caregiver's psychiatric symptoms as measured by the SRQ (Self-Report Questionnaire) (AOR = 0.84, p = 0.0065), absence of child physical neglect (AOR = 0.38, p = 0.0705) and parental Protestant religion affiliation, compared to other religions (AOR = 4.06
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    Voice Performance Evaluation of Street Children From Aracaju, Brazil Using Perceptual-Auditory and Acoustic Analyses
    (Elsevier B.V., 2013-09-01) Sales, Neuza Josina; Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz; Rebelo Goncalves, Maria Ines [UNIFESP]; Gama, Ana Cristina Cortes [UNIFESP]; Cunha, Edilson Oliveira; Prado-Barreto, Valeria Maria; Todt-Neto, Joao Carlos; d'Avila, Jeferson Sampaio; Univ Fed Sergipe; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Sao Lucas Hosp
    Objective. To compare the voice performance of children involved in street labor with regular children using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses.Methods. A controlled cross-sectional study was carried out on 7- to 10-year-old children of both genders. Children from both groups lived with their families and attended school regularly; however, child labor was evident in one group and not the other. A total of 200 potentially eligible street children, assisted by the Child Labor Elimination Programme (PETI), and 400 regular children were interviewed. Those with any vocal discomfort (106, 53% and 90, 22.5%) had their voices assessed for resonance, pitch, loudness, speech rate, maximum phonation time, and other acoustic measurements.Results. A total of 106 street children (study group [SG]) and 90 regular children (control group [CG]) were evaluated. the SG group demonstrated higher oral and nasal resonance, reduced loudness, a lower pitch, and a slower speech rate than the CG. the maximum phonation time, fundamental frequency, and upper harmonics were higher in the SG than the CG. Jitter and shimmer were higher in the CG than the SG.Conclusion. Using perceptual-auditory and acoustic analyses, we determined that there were differences in voice performance between the two groups, with street children having better quality perceptual and acoustic vocal parameters than regular children. We believe that this is due to the procedures and activities performed by the Child Labor Elimination Program (PETI), which helps children to cope with their living conditions.