Navegando por Palavras-chave "Seizures"

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    A anticonvulsive fraction from Scaptocosa raptoria (Araneae : Lycosidae) spider venom
    (Elsevier B.V., 2004-11-23) Ribeiro, Alessandra Mussi; Miranda, Antonio [UNIFESP]; Gobbo-Netto, Leonardo; Lopes, Norberto Peporine; Santos, Wagner Ferreira dos; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Several spider neurotoxins are known to show highly selective effects on nervous tissues. Intracerebral injection into rats of spider venom from Scaptocosa raptoria, prevents seizures induced by convulsant agents. Injection of phenytoin (390 pmol/200 nl), muscimol (90 pmol/200 nl), baclofen (500 pmol/200 nl) into the substantia nigra (SN) pars reticulata, protected rats from convulsions evoked by unilateral focal injection of bicuculline into the area tempestas by 50, 80, and 100%, respectively. Denatured S. raptoria crude venom (4.6 mug, 2.3 mug, and 920 ng/200 nl), when administered into the SN, prevented seizures elicited by bicuculline in the area tempestas by 100, 100, and 87.5%, respectively. the injection into the SN of 160 ng/200 nl of fraction SrTx1 isolated from S. raptoria venom, reduced the magnitude of seizures. This fraction was rechromatographed affording fractions SrTx1.1, SrTx1.2 and SrTx1.3, and they were administered into the SN at doses of 100, 200, and 400 ng/200 nl respectively. Fraction SrTx1.3 protected 50, 85.7, and 100% of the animals against the seizures elicited by bicuculline injected into the area tempestas. This suggests that S. raptoria venom as well as its SrTx1.3 fraction, might be potential sources of new anticonvulsant drugs. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    The burden of premature mortality of epilepsy in high-income countries: A systematic review from the Mortality Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy
    (Wiley, 2017) Thurman, David J.; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Beghi, Ettore; Hauser, W. Allen; Hesdorffer, Dale C.; Newton, Charles R.; Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Sander, Josemir W.; Tomson, Torbjorn
    Since previous reviews of epidemiologic studies of premature mortality among people with epilepsy were completed several years ago, a large body of new evidence about this subject has been published. We aim to update prior reviews of mortality in epilepsy and to reevaluate and quantify the risks, potential risk factors, and causes of these deaths. We systematically searched the Medline and Embase databases to identify published reports describing mortality risks in cohorts and populations of people with epilepsy. We reviewed relevant reports and applied criteria to identify those studies likely to accurately quantify these risks in representative populations. From these we extracted and summarized the reported data. All population-based studies reported an increased risk of premature mortality among people with epilepsy compared to general populations. Standard mortality ratios are especially high among people with epilepsy aged <50 years, among those whose epilepsy is categorized as structural/metabolic, those whose seizures do not fully remit under treatment, and those with convulsive seizures. Among deaths directly attributable to epilepsy or seizures, important immediate causes include sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), status epilepticus, unintentional injuries, and suicide. Epilepsy-associated premature mortality imposes a significant public health burden, and many of the specific causes of death are potentially preventable. These require increased attention from healthcare providers, researchers, and public health professionals.
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    Characterization of intracranial pressure behavior in chronic epileptic animals: a preliminary study
    (Univ Estadual Oeste Parana-Unioeste, 2016) Cardim, Danilo Augusto; Frigieri, Gustavo Henrique; Troca Cabella, Brenno Caetano; Malheiros, Jackeline Moraes [UNIFESP]; Cardim, Ana Carolina; Wang, Charles Chenwei; Pacheco Andrade, Rodrigo de Albuquerque; Covolan, Luciene [UNIFESP]; Tannus, Alberto; Mascarenhas, Sergio
    Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a major neurological parameter in animals and humans. ICP is a function of the relationship between the contents of the cranium (brain parenchyma, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood) and the volume of the skull. Increased ICP can cause serious physiological effects or even death in patients who do not quickly receive proper care, which includes ICP monitoring. Epilepsies are a set of central nervous system disorders resulting from abnormal and excessive neuronal discharges, usually associated with hypersynchronism and/or hyperexcitability. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common forms of epilepsy and is also refractory to medication. ICP characteristics of subjects with epilepsy have not been elucidated because there are few studies associating these two important neurological factors. In this work, an invasive (ICPi) and the new minimally invasive (ICPmi) methods were used to evaluate ICP features in rats with chronic epilepsy, induced by the experimental model of pilocarpine, capable of generating the main features of human TLE in these animals.
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    Efeitos de uma intervenção psicoterapêutica breve nos níveis de resiliência e no comportamento em pacientes com epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial resistente e recidiva tardia em crises após cirurgia
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-06-01) Brandalise, Maria Helena [UNIFESP]; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Seizure recurrence (SR) after epilepsy surgery in patients with medically resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE-MTS) can compromise medical treatment and quality of life (QOL). However, there is a scarcity of purpose of intervention among these patients in literature. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a four-week psychotherapeutic intervention on levels of resilience, behavioral symptoms and on QOL in patients with drug-resistant TLE-MTS submitted to cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy (CAH) who presented late SR. Fifty patients followed-up at the outpatient clinic of epilepsies of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo diagnosed with TLE-TMS and submitted to CAH who presented late SR were included. The instruments included a clinical and socio-demographic questionnaire and the Brazilian versions of Connor-Davidsom Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E), Interictal Dysphoric Disorder Inventory (IDDI) and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-31). Significant reductions of IDDI (p<0.001) and NDDI-E (p<0.001) scores, improvements on CD-RISC-10 (p<0.001) and QOLIE-31 (p<0.001) scores, and positive correlations between resilience levels and QOL (p<0.01), as well as a negative correlation between depressive symptoms and resilience (p<0.01) and QOL (p<0.01), were observed after psychotherapeutic intervention. Improvements of resilience levels and QOL, with concomitant reductions of depressive symptoms, in patients with TLE-MTS and late SR after a brief psychotherapeutic intervention were observed. Since there is a gap of studies that measured the impact of interventions in those patients, these results may support the development of interventional strategies for this specific population.
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    Efeitos neurobiológicos do tratamento com sakuranetina em camundongos.
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-09-27) Silva, Wilson Vicente Da [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Alessandra Mussi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    It is recognized that extracts and substances obtained from natural products, such as plants and animal venom, can contribute to the development of model drugs. The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various is the oldest and most traditional form of therapeutic model in different civilizations. Brazil has a vast plant biodiversity, resulting in a wide heterogeneity of bioactive chemicals that can be isolated and used for medicinal purposes. Many molecules isolated from plant extracts can have pharmacological effects on different biological tissues, such as antioxidant and neuroprotective action on nervous tissue. In this context, sakuranetin (SAK) is a plant-isolated flavonoid, and previous studies have shown that this compound has antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects of acute administration of SAK in mice. For this study male Swiss mice (3 months) were used. For the analysis of the effects of SAK administration, the animals received intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of SAK at 1, 10 or 20 mg/kg (SAK1, SAK10 or SAK20, respectively) doses and the behavior was evaluated in the open field test (CA, 20 min), and immediately after the animals were submitted to the elevated plus-maze test (LCE, 5 min). Anticonvulsant effect was evaluated, thus SAK (1 or 10 mg / kg, i.c.v.) was previously administered in mice and after 30 min was injected with bicuculline (BIC, 1 mg/kg). Our main results showed that animals treated with SAK1 and SAK10 traveled a greater distance and higher speed (p < 0.05). In addition, SAK10-treated animals increased the entries frequency in enclosed arms compared with control animals (p < 0.05). SAK10-treated animals increased latency for first seizure (p < 0.05), survival percentage (p < 0.05) and percentage of time between time to first seizure and death (p < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that acute treatment with low dose SAK promotes hyperlocomotion (1 mg/kg), and high dose (20 mg/kg) induces anxiogenic effect in animals. Furthermore, intermediate dose (10 mg/kg) induces anxiety-like and hyperlocomotor behavior in animals, but there is anticonvulsant effect. Our next steps involve performing immunohistochemistry analysis to understand what brain areas are active during these behaviors and after investigate action mechanism involved in anticonvulsant effect.
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    Effects of A1 receptor agonist/antagonist on spontaneous seizures in pilocarpine-induced epileptic rats
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2016) Amorim, Beatriz Oliveira; Hamani, Clement; Ferreira, Elenn; Miranda, Maisa Ferreira; Fernandes, Maria Jose S.; Rodrigues, Antonio M.; de Almeida, Antonio-Carlos G.; Covolan, Luciene
    Adenosine is an endogenous anticonvulsant that activates pre- and postsynaptic adenosine A(1) receptors. A(1) receptor agonists increase the latency for the development of seizures and status epilepticus following pilocarpine administration. Although hippocampal adenosine is increased in the chronic phase of the pilocarpine model, it is not known whether the modulation of A(1) receptors may influence the frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the A(1) receptor agonist RPia ([R]-N-phenylisopropyladenosine) and the A(1) antagonist DPCPX (8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine) administered to chronic pilocarpine epileptic rats would respectively decrease and increase the frequency of SRS and hippocampal excitability. Four months after Pilo-induced SE, chronic epileptic rats were video-monitored for the recording of SRS before (basal) and after a 2-week treatment with RPia (25 mu g/kg) or DPCPX (50 mu g/kg). Following sacrifice, brain slices were studied with electrophysiology. We found that rats given RPia had a 93% nonsignificant reduction in the frequency of seizures compared with their own pretreatment baseline. In contrast, the administration of DPCPX resulted in an 87% significant increase in seizure rate. Nontreated epileptic rats had a similar frequency of seizures along the study. Corroborating our behavioral data, in vitro recordings showed that slices from animals previously given DPCPX had a shorter latency to develop epileptiform activity, longer and higher DC shifts, and higher spike amplitude compared with slices from nontreated Pilo controls. In contrast, smaller spike amplitude was recorded in slices from animals given RPia. In summary, the administration of A(1) agonists reduced hippocampal excitability but not the frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures in chronic epileptic rats, whereas A(1) receptor antagonists increased both. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Epilepsy, seizures, physical exercise, and sports: a report from the ilae task force on sports and epilepsy
    (Wiley-blackwell, 2016) Capovilla, Giuseppe; Kaufman, Kenneth R.; Perucca, Emilio; Moshe, Solomon L.; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]
    People with epilepsy (PWEs) are often advised against participating in sports and exercise, mostly because of fear, overprotection, and ignorance about the specific benefits and risks associated with such activities. Available evidence suggests that physical exercise and active participation in sports may favorably affect seizure control, in addition to producing broader health and psychosocial benefits. This consensus paper prepared by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy offers general guidance concerning participation of PWEs in sport activities, and provides suggestions on the issuance of medical fitness certificates related to involvement in different sports. Sports are divided into three categories based on potential risk of injury or death should a seizure occur: group 1, sports with no significant additional risk
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    Estresse e exercício físico durante o período gestacional e sua influência na prole após um insulto convulsivo: estudo em um modelo animal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-06-27) Lopim, Glauber Menezes [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Gutierre, Robson Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3048510516924444; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8352745170435172; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5026538910540987; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Environmental factors such as prenatal stress can lead to changes in the development of the nervous system and consequently increase the susceptibility to seizures and the development of epilepsy in the offspring at the early and later stages of life. Furthermore, the developing brain in the postnatal period is more susceptible to seizures, depending on the stage of brain development. Recent studies in animals show that physical exercise during fetal development can improve some of the puppies' brain functions after birth. Besides that the beneficial influence of physical exercise on the developing nervous system during gestation, it is not clear whether physical activity during the gestational period may exert a protective effect on brain insult in offspring early in life. In this study, we verified if the physical exercise and / or restraint stress during pregnancy could alter in offspring the susceptibility and the intensity the seizures induced in the early and later phases of the life using the model of pentilenotetrazole (PTZ), as well as morphological alterations caused by this model. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: Control (n = 15), Stress (n = 16), Forced exercise (n = 15), Stress / volunteer (n = 13). Male offspring of these mothers were then divided into the following groups: Control (n = 112), Stress (n = 114), Forced exercise (n = 117), Stress / forced, Stress / volunteer (n = 85). Our results showed that offspring of mothers of the stress group presented a decrease in latency and a greater severity in the motor manifestations. We also observed that the two types of physical exercise (forced and voluntary) associated with stress at the two initial ages P15 and P25 and at the dose of 45mg / kg reverted this condition. For the other doses used at P15 and P25 (60 and 100mg / kg) and for the age of P60 (dose 45mg / kg) no significant changes were observed. Stereological analysis showed that there were no differences in hippocampal volume and cell counts in the dentate gyrus region between the groups and between the analyzed ages. Thus, behavioral analyzes of our results indicate that physical exercise during the gestational period provides positive changes and these alters are transmitted to the offspring when induced to a convulsive insult.
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    Estudo eletrofisiológico in vitro do hipocampo e da suscetibilidade frente a dois modelos experimentais de epilepsia no roedor Trinomys yonenagae
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009-04-29) Nascimento, André Luiz do [UNIFESP]; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Trinomys yonenagae (TY) is a fossorial rodent dweller of sand dunes of the Caatinga, pertaining to Echimydae family and known locally as rabo de facho. The observation of some animals of this species show spontaneous seizures stimulated us the study of some characteristics of its nervous system that could to be subjacents to this condition. Through techniques of eletrophysiology in vitro, with the utilization of protocols of induction of hiperexcitability and study of the long-term potentiation (LTP), we aimed at to identifying the eletrophysiologic pattern of hippocampal circuitry of the TY and comparing it to Wistar rats. Additionaly, we also aimed at verifying how animals of the TY species behave regarding two classic models of epilepsy induction: amygdala kindling and systemic aplication of pilocarpine. In the high potassium protocol, we observed in TY a higher sensibility to gradual increase of potassium in the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). In the protocol of addition of antagonist of GABAA receptor (bicuculine) in the ACSF, we did not observe any significative differences in the extracellular records between TY and Wistar. In the absence magnesium protocol in the ACSF, both species showed spontaneous epileptiform activity, and when both species were submited to electric stimulation, their responses did not differ statisticaly. In the study of LTP, we observed that, although the normalized slopes averages in TY have showed always smaller than of Wistar after high frequence stimulus, these values between the two species did not differ statistically. The electroencephalographic and behavioral data were similar between TY and Wistar in the two epilepsy induction models, with exception of the pilocarpine dosage used to elicite status epilepticus in TY, that was lower. The electrophysiological characterization and the obtained results against the epilepsy models are interesting contributions to the knowledge of the nervous system of the TY and reveal the importance to futures works in this species for the acquisition of new knowledges that can to be involved in the genesis of the seizures.
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    Investigação do efeito da administração de melitina em um modelo de crises convulsivas em ratos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2020-07-16) Soares-Silva, Beatriz [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Alessandra Mussi [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7373640456805525; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8095426379200980; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A epilepsia é uma doença neurológica crônica caracterizada por uma hiperatividade anormal dos neurônios que geram impulsos nervosos recorrentes, espontâneos, paradoxais e sincronizados, podendo ou não produzir crises convulsivas. Esse transtorno neurológico é um dos mais comuns e afeta aproximadamente 70 milhões de indivíduos no mundo. Cabe ressaltar que cerca de 30% dos pacientes desenvolvem farmacorresistencia em relação aos antiepilépticos disponíveis na clínica. Ademais, o uso desses fármacos pode estar associado ao surgimento de efeitos adversos graves. Estudos têm mostrado o potencial terapêutico de substâncias bioativas isoladas a partir de produtos naturais no tratamento de doenças do sistema nervoso. Por exemplo, compostos isolados a partir de venenos de artrópodes contem neurotoxinas que apresentam afinidade por estruturas moleculares do tecido nervoso, podendo agir em receptores, transportadores, canais iônicos dependentes de ligante e de voltagem localizados na membrana neuronal ou glial. Nas últimas décadas com o aprimoramento de técnicas de isolamento e síntese de compostos isolados de venenos ocorreu um aumento no número de pesquisas com foco no desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos neuroprotetores da administração de melitina (MEL) intracerebral em ratos submetidos ao modelo de crises convulsivas induzidas por bicuculina (BIC). Para isto, ratos Wistar machos (3 meses) foram submetidos a cirurgia para a implantação de cânula unilateral no ventrículo lateral e após o período de recuperação receberam previamente uma microinjeção de solução salina (Grupo controle, NaCl 0,9%) ou MEL (Grupo tratamento, MEL 0,1 mg/por dose). Primeiramente, os animais foram avaliados em um campo aberto (CA) por 20 min e em seguida submetidos ao teste de labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE) por 5 min, e os comportamentos dos animais foram registrados através de filmagem para posterior análise comportamental. Para a avaliação da atividade anticonvulsivante os animais receberam previamente salina ou MEL, e após 30 min os animais receberam microinjeção de BIC (10 mg/ml) e novamente foram observados no CA (20 min). Nossos principais resultados mostram que a administração de MEL provocou um efeito hiperlocomotor nos animais quando avaliados no LCE, além de aumentar o tempo de latência para a primeira crise convulsiva e proteger 90% dos animais de crises tônico-clônicas induzidas pela BIC. Tomados juntos nossos resultados sugerem que a MEL apresenta potencial anticonvulsivante, entretanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para elucidar seu(s) mecanismo(s) de ação.
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    Oxcarbazepine for refractory epilepsy: systematic review of the literature
    (Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM, 2009-01-01) Saconato, Humberto; Prado, Gilmar Fernandes do [UNIFESP]; Puga, Maria Eduarda dos Santos [UNIFESP]; Atallah, Álvaro Nagib [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: It has been estimated that 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy and around 30% will not achieve adequate control over the disease. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of oxcarbazepine for refractory partial or generalized epilepsy. METHODS: Systematic review. A search was conducted in the PubMed, Lilacs, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases. Studies were analyzed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology. RESULTS: Four randomized clinical trials of medium to poor methodological quality were included. Among the adult patients, the chances that they would obtain a 50% reduction in seizure frequency were greater after using oxcarbazepine at doses of 600 mg (relative risk, RR 2.11; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.32 to 3.35), 1,200 mg (RR 3.24; 95% CI 2.11 to 4.98) and 2,400 mg (RR 3.83; 95% CI 2.59 to 5.97). Among the children, the response in the group using oxcarbazepine was also greater (RR 2.11; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.35). The oxcarbazepine doses of 1,200 mg (RR 17.59; 95% CI 2.37 to 130.35) and 2,400 mg (RR 25.41; 95% CI 6.26 to 103.10) were effective for keeping patients probably free from seizures, but the dose of 600 mg was not. There was no significant difference between oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine for controlling the crises. CONCLUSIONS: There is moderate evidence indicating that oxcarbazepine is effective as an alternative treatment for partial or generalized epilepsy in children and adults who were refractory to previous treatment
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    Physical exercise in epilepsy: What kind of stressor is it?
    (Elsevier B.V., 2009-11-01) Arida, Ricardo M. [UNIFESP]; Scorza, Fulvio A. [UNIFESP]; Terra, Vera C.; Scorza, Carla A. [UNIFESP]; Almeida, Antonio-Carlos de; Cavalheiro, Esper A. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei
    Stress has been considered the most frequently self-reported precipitant of seizures in people with epilepsy. the literature documents that physical stress, that is, physical exercise, can have beneficial effects in people with epilepsy. in view of evidence indicating that sensitivity to stress is reduced after a physical exercise program, physical activity could be a potential candidate for stress reduction in people with epilepsy. This review considers how physical exercise could contribute to reduce seizure susceptibility and, hence, seizure frequency. Possible mechanisms by which exercise can be beneficial for people with epilepsy are highlighted. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis adaptation, neurotransmitter system modulation, and metabolic and neuroendocrine changes may interfere with seizure susceptibility. the psychological stress of different sports activities is an important concern that must also be taken into account. Overall, among stress reduction therapies for the treatment of seizures, exercise might be a potential candidate. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Por Trás Da Práxis Inquisitorial: O Erário Do Tribunal Da Inquisição De Lisboa (1539-1580)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-10-26) Cavalcante, Sheila Mendes [UNIFESP]; Feitler, Bruno Guilherme [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The Present Work Intends To Study Some Financial Aspects Of The Tribunal Of The Inquisition Of Lisbon. For This Study, We Use As A Source Financial Documentation To The Court Of Lisbon, Corresponding To The Period From 1570 To 1580 (Available On The Digital Archive Of The Torre Do Tombo). Through This Analysis, We Look At What Were The Sources Of That Revenue And Expenditure That Gave Sustainability To The Court Of Lisbon, Seeking To Understand Whether The Practice Of Seizures Had A Significant Impact On The Collection Of The Rents Of The Holy Office, Once That Is Cited As Responsible By The Struggle The Founding Of The Holy Office In Portuguese Lands. Thus, By Means Of Investigation Of The Books Of Revenues And Expenses, As Well As The Documentation In The Subsidiary Relevant, We Have Analysed And Discussed The Strategies Used By The Institution Inquisitor To Balance Their Budgets, Placing Itself As A Strong Institution And Self-Sustaining In The Framework Of The Institutions Of The Old Regime Portuguese.
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    The relationship between sleep and epilepsy: Evidence from clinical trials and animal models
    (Elsevier B.V., 2010-08-15) Matos, Gabriela; Andersen, Monica L. [UNIFESP]; Valle, Angela Cristina do; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Interactions between sleep and epilepsy have been widely documented. Sleep can modulate epileptic phenomena, and epilepsy and seizures disorganize the macro- and micro-architecture of sleep. in turn, sleep deprivation exerts a strong influence on the occurrence of seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges. Recently, sleep disturbances occurring in conjunction with epilepsy have been suggested to lead to a worsening of the quality of life for patients with epilepsy. in addition, data from animal models clarify many gaps in this relationship. in this brief review, we present an outline of the interactions between sleep and epilepsy based on a thorough review of the existing literature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Relationship between susceptibility to dmcm-induced generalized motor convulsions and low-affinity [h-3]-ouabain binding in membranes in rat brain
    (Wiley, 2016) Contó, Marcos Brandao [UNIFESP]; Campana Venditti, Marco Antonio [UNIFESP]
    Background and Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders worldwide, but its underlying mechanisms have not yet been clarified. Among the possible molecular mechanisms that underlie its occurrence are those that are responsible for the neuronal ionic gradient, including the transmembrane enzyme Na+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Na+, K+-ATPase plays an important role in controlling neuronal excitability, and it is believed to be related to the pathophysiology of epilepsy. However, the specific isozymes that may be related to this neurological disorder remain to be determined. The 3 subunit-containing Na+, K+-ATPase isozyme has high affinity for ouabain and appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of epilepsies. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the possible participation of Na+, K(+)ATPase isozymes with lower affinity for ouabain (i.e., those that contain the 1 and 2 subunits). Methods: The present study investigated whether rats with high (HTR) and low (LTR) thresholds for clonic convulsions that are induced by a benzodiazepine inverse agonist differ in the binding of [H-3]ouabain to Na+, K+-ATPase isozymes with lower affinity to ouabain in discrete brain regions. Results: Compared with the HTR group, the LTR group exhibited lower binding of [H-3]-ouabain in the brainstem and frontal cortex. Conclusion: This finding supports the hypothesis that epilepsy is associated with impairments in Na+, K(+)ATPase activity. The results also suggest that Na+, K+-ATPase isozymes that contain the 1/2 subunits in these brain regions may underlie the susceptibility to methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate-induced convulsions.
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    Resistance Exercise Reduces Seizure Occurrence, Attenuates Memory Deficits and Restores BDNF Signaling in Rats with Chronic Epilepsy
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2017) de Almeida, Alexandre Aparecido [UNIFESP]; da Silva, Sergio Gomes; Lopim, Glauber Menezes [UNIFESP]; Campos, Diego Vannucci [UNIFESP]; Fernandes, Jansen [UNIFESP]; Cabral, Francisco Romero; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]
    Epilepsy is a disease characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Cognitive impairment is an important comorbidity of chronic epilepsy. Human and animal model studies of epilepsy have shown that aerobic exercise induces beneficial structural and functional changes and reduces the number of seizures. However, little is yet understood about the effects of resistance exercise on epilepsy. We evaluated the effects of a resistance exercise program on the number of seizures, long- term memory and expression/ activation of signaling proteins in rats with epilepsy. The number of seizures was quantified by video- monitoring and long- term memory was assessed by an inhibitory avoidance test. Using western blotting, multiplex and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays, we determined the effects of a 4- week resistance exercise program on IGF- 1 and BDNF levels and ERK, CREB, mTOR activation in the hippocampus of rats with epilepsy. Rats with epilepsy submitted to resistance exercise showed a decrease in the number of seizures compared to non- exercised epileptic rats. Memory deficits were attenuated by resistance exercise. Rats with epilepsy showed an increase in IGF- 1 levels which were restored to control levels by resistance exercise. BDNF levels and ERK and mTOR activation were decreased in rats with epilepsy and resistance exercise restored these to control levels. In conclusion, resistance exercise reduced seizure occurrence and mitigated memory deficits in rats with epilepsy. These resistance exerciseinduced beneficial effects can be related to changes in IGF- 1 and BDNF levels and its signaling protein activation. Our findings indicate that the resistance exercise might be included as complementary therapeutic strategy for epilepsy treatment.
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    The sleep-wake cycle in adult rats following pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy
    (Elsevier B.V., 2010-03-01) Matos, Gabriela; Tsai, Rodrigo; Baldo, Marcus Vinicius; Castro, Isac de [UNIFESP]; Sameshima, Koichi; Valle, Angela Cristina; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The relationship between sleep and epilepsy is both complex and clinically significant. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) influences sleep architecture, while sleep plays an important role in facilitating and/or inhibiting possible epileptic seizures. the pilocarpine experimental model reproduces several features of human temporal lobe epilepsy and is one of the most widely used models in basic research. the aim of the present study was to characterize, behaviorally and electrophysiologically, the phases of sleep-wake cycles (SWC) in male rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Epileptic rats presented spikes in all phases of the SWC as well as atypical cortical synchronization during attentive wakefulness and paradoxical sleep. the architecture of the sleep-wake phases was altered in epileptic rats, as was the integrity of the SWC. Because our findings reproduce many relevant features observed in patients with epilepsy, this model is suitable to study sleep dysfunction in epilepsy. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy: an important concern
    (Faculdade de Medicina / USP, 2011-01-01) Scorza, Fulvio Alexandre [UNIFESP]; Cysneiros, Roberta Monterazzo [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Marly de [UNIFESP]; Scattolini, Marcello [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Mackenzie University Center of Biological Sciences and Health
    Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic problems worldwide. Unfortunately, individuals with epilepsy are at higher risk of death than the general population, and sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is the most important direct epilepsy-related cause of death. In this review article, our research group focused on the risk factors, mechanisms and preventative measures obtained from clinical and experimental studies on sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
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    Wolf-hirschhorn syndrome with epibulbar dermoid: an unusual association in a patient with 4p deletion and functional xp disomy
    (Esmon Publicidad S A, 2016) Bragagnolo, Silvia; Colovati, Mileny E. S.; Guilherme, Roberta S.; Dantas, Anelisa G.; de Souza, Malu Zamariolli; de Soares, Maria F.; Melaragno, Maria I.; Perez, Ana B.
    Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene and multiple malformation syndrome that results from a deletion in the 4p16.3 region. We describe here a 6-month-old girl that presented with WHS features but also displayed unusual findings, such as epibulbar dermoid in the left eye, ear tags, and left microtia. Although on G-banding her karyotype appeared to be normal, chromosomal microarray analysis revealed an similar to 13-Mb 4p16.3p15.33 deletion and an similar to 9-Mb Xp22.33p22.31 duplication, resulting from a balanced maternal t(X