Navegando por Palavras-chave "Qualitative study"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação das características dos programas de prevenção ao uso de álcool e outras drogas implantados nas escolas brasileiras(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-09-27) Santos Neto, Miguel Teixeira dos [UNIFESP]; Dutenhefner, Zila Van Der Meer Sanchez [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110200572507368; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7021291213875888; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Objective: This study aimed to characterise alcohol and drug prevention programs employed by Brazilian public and private schools at the elementary and middle school levels. Methods: This is a qualitative study based on forty-one in-depth interviews conducted with directors and coordinators of Brazilian schools. Respondents were selected using a subsample of a national epidemiological survey aimed at assessing the presence of prevention programs in schools from five different regions. Interviews were conducted through Skype software, audio-recorded and transcribed, using a semi-structured script. In order to analyse data, NVivo software was used and interpretation of the collected material was subjected to further content analysis via Bardin’s theoretical framework. Results: We identified two categories of actions to prevent the use of alcohol and other drugs in schools: schools that had proper prevention programs and schools that performed specific prevention activities. Twenty-nine schools (or 71% of the total) who used prevention programs in their units were identified, while others made use of preventive activities. The program most frequently implemented in the investigated schools was the Educational Program of Resistance to Drugs (Proerd), which was applied in 54% (n = 22) of the schools. Other prevention programs included Nepre, Agrinho, Projeto Diretor de Turma (Class Principal), Protagonismo Juvenil (Youth Participation), Dignidade (Dignity): a Daily Conquest and of the Municipal Health Secretary of Rio de Janeiro (SMS). In 20 schools, prevention activities were combined with prevention programs and 12 schools offered only prevention acitvities. Prevention activities were less prevalent than programs, appearing in twelve schools, and were combined with programs in twenty of them. Such preventive activities included lectures, classes, seminars, recreational activities and visits to rehabilitation facilities. The most mentioned psychotropic drugs in the programs and activities were crack cocaine and marijuana. In the interviews, a general lack of information on ways to evaluate programs was noted. In addition, the applied programs do not show evidence of being effective and do not rely on good preventative practices. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that in Brazil, prevention programs are confused with preventative activities. The programs analysed do not follow good practices regarding alcohol and drug prevention and are not based on scientific evidence. The results of this study can help point out the need for national public policy development in order to encourage the implementation of evidence-based programs in school curriculums, thus avoiding potential iatrogenic effects from school-based alcohol and drug prevention efforts.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Efeitos de um programa de intervenção interdisciplinar semipresencial sobre a qualidade de vida de mulheres obesas(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2020-12-04) Batista, Nathalie Quirino da Silva [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Ricardo José [UNIFESP]; Padovani, Ricardo da Costa [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5442923292795249; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2738281530091229; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1686773771183524; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introdução: A obesidade é considerada um problema de saúde pública, devido ao risco de Doenças Crônicas Não- Transmissíveis, como as doenças cardiovasculares e o diabetes tipo 2. Desta forma, torna-se importante estudar estratégias de controle da obesidade para reduzir os riscos de comorbidades. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção interdisciplinar semipresencial sobre a qualidade de vida de mulheres obesas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo, com 25 mulheres, com idade entre 20 e 45 anos completos, com valor de IMC, entre 30 e 39,9 que tivessem acesso a plataformas digitais, como celulares, smartphones, tablets, computadores, entre outros e disponibilidade para comparecer semanalmente às atividades propostas. Como método de avaliação foram utilizados instrumentos de coleta, tais como o IPAQ, para determinar o nível de atividade física das voluntárias, o WHOQOL-bref, para avaliar a qualidade de vida das voluntárias, aplicação de questionários on-line e entrevista presencial. A análise quantitativa foi realizada por meio do software R (2020). Os dados paramétricos foram analisados através do modelo de variância com medidas repetidas e os dados não paramétricos foram analisados por meio da análise não paramétrica de dados ordinais com medidas repetidas e o nível de significância foi pré-estabelecido em 5%. Para a análise qualitativa, foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo, com agrupamento de material de acordo com os temas suscitados, leitura exaustiva e busca e organização de núcleos temáticos, com posterior análise do material. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa no IPAQ, entre os momentos Basal e Follow-up 1 e Basal e Follow-up 2. Não houve diferença significativa entre as outras variáveis quantitativas analisadas, porém, através das entrevistas pode-se observar o indicativo de mudança de estilo de vida das participantes, o que, consequentemente influenciou positivamente na qualidade de vida das participantes.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Seqüência de drogas consumidas por usuários de crack e fatores interferentes(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2002-08-01) Sanchez, Zila van der Meer [UNIFESP]; Nappo, Solange Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To establish a progression on drug use and its intervening factors among crack users. METHODS: A qualitative methodology was applied for an in-depth investigation, taking into consideration the interviewees' viewpoint of the problem. Long interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire were conducted. A purposeful sampling was outlined to create a criterion sampling. For theoretical saturation, 31 crack users and former users were interviewed. RESULTS: Two distinct phases of drug use were identified. In the first phase there predominate licit drugs, mostly alcohol and tobacco, encouraged by the parents and friends and the users' need of self-assurance. An early age start and heavy use of one or both drugs are determinant for the progression to illicit drugs. Marijuana is the first drug used in the second phase, characterized by an active attitude towards drugs which are regarded as a source of satisfaction. DISCUSSION: The progression on drug use seems to be more associated to external decisions (e.g. peer pressure, drug dealers' encouragement, etc.) than to users' preference. Two different kinds of progression were identified: in younger users (<30 years old): tobacco and/or alcohol, marijuana, snorted cocaine, and crack; in older users (>30 years old): tobacco and/or alcohol, marijuana, intravenous medication, snorted cocaine, intravenous cocaine, and crack.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Triexifenidila: caracterização de seu consumo abusivo por um grupo de usuários na cidade de São Paulo(Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 2003-01-01) Raymundo, Marcelo [UNIFESP]; Nappo, Solange Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Oliveira, Lúcio Garcia de [UNIFESP]; Sanchez, Zila van der Meer [UNIFESP]; Carlini, Elisaldo Araujo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas Psicotrópicas (CEBRID); CEBRIDThe abuse of anticholinergic drugs to induce mental alterations as hallucinations and delirium is widely known. Trihexyphenidyl (Artane®), among these drugs, seems to be the most abused. In Brazil, its use has been already observed among psychotic patients, first and second grade students, street children and crack-cocaine addicts. Faced to the lack of Brazilian reports describing such inadequate use of trihexyphenidyl, this study was conducted to characterize recreacional use as well as reasons that justify the misuse. Adopting qualitative methodology and a Purposeful Sampling achieved by a Criterion Sampling (21 users and 16 ex-users), it was observed predominance of single poliusers men, without employment bonds, who abused of trihexyphenidyl in the attainment of mental alterations, mainly hallucinations and deliriums. Trihexyphenidyl is consumed in association with alcohol, other licit drugs (BDZ) and illicit drugs, impairing cognitive functions as memory, attention and learning, intervening with some activities of users' daily life. Reported as an easy access medicine, with low-cost and resulting in drastic effects in the life of the user, these results pointed to the necessity of more effective measures in its release, beyond the necessity of adoption of prevention measures to avoid its abuse.