Navegando por Palavras-chave "Physical Exercise"

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    Avaliação de um programa de exercícios monitorado e integrado no tratamento de pacientes com Síncope Vasovagal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-28) Leite, Renata Pimentel [UNIFESP]; Luiz, Fatima Dumas Cintra [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Although many different treatments have been proposed for vasovagal syncope (VVS), long-term evidence-based results have not shown them to be effective. The authors hypothesized that a wide-ranging integrative monitored exercise program (IMEP) could have an effect on the multiple mechanisms involved in VVS. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of IMEP on VVS recurrence and the quality of life Methods: Patients referred with a diagnosis of VVS were included. The IMEP protocol included aerobic exercise, tilt training, resistance and isometric exercise and lifestyle modification. The control group was managed by conventional treatment according to the current guidelines. The recurrence rate and Euroqol EQ-5D-3L was evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. The statistical significance was set at the level of 5%. Results: Twenty VVS patients were eligible for the IMEP group. The control group comprised 20 patients matched for age and gender. The number of syncope in the previous month decreased significantly in the IMEP group when compared to the control group (p>0.001). The same was observed in pre-syncope events in the previous month; syncope and presyncope in the previous 3 months (p <0.001). Fifty percent of patients in the IMEP group showed improvement in the mobility dimension compared to 10% in the control group (p=0.01), and all IMEP patients reduce anxiety/depression dimension compared to none in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: A integrative monitored exercise program was shown to be able to reduce the recurrence of syncope and improve their quality of life.
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    Comparação entre os efeitos de três diferentes formas de tratamento não medicamentoso em mulheres obesas com e sem sinais de compulsão alimentar
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2019-03-18) Affonso, Luiz Henrique Lima [UNIFESP]; Gomes, Ricardo José [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Signals of binge eating (SBE) are symptoms associated with binge eating disorder (BED), but might not present a full diagnosis of BED, but it might there is also no binge eating episode. These SBE have a high prevalence in obese women, which makes it difficult to reduce and maintain body mass (BM), therefore is necessary know the different forms of effective treatment for obese women with and without BE. Objective: Evaluation of 28 weeks of combined physical exercise (EXE), interdisciplinary therapy (INT) or health education (HE) on SBE in obese women; to investigate the prevalence of BE in obese women; compare effects of therapies on brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF), leptin (LEP), glycaemia, insulin and insulin resistance (IR). Methods: 81 obese women were randomized into three groups who performed 28 weeks of different non-drug interventions INT, EXE and HE. These women performed the following evaluations: anthropometric (BM, body mass index - BMI and waist circumference - WC); serum biochemical and hormones (BDNF, LEP, insulin, triacylglycerol and glycaemia, as well as the calculation of IR by HOMA-IR and TyG); and also evaluation of SBE through the binge eating scale (BES). The data were analyses by the SPSS Statistics version 22 software and express on descriptive form with mean and standard deviation, were also checked for normality and performed tests of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures, considering a level of significance of p < 0,05. Results: 50% of the women in the sample had BE. After 28 weeks of therapy there was a significant reduction in the BE of the volunteers who participated in the INT group (reduction of 100% of cases of BE) and EXE group (reduction of 50% of cases of BE), which did not occur for the HE group. Furthermore, only INT therapy was able to make a significant BM, BMI and WC, in contrast glycaemia was improved in almost all groups. When do analysis together people with and without BE, LEP was less only in volunteers with BE, whereas BDNF was less only in women without SBE. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of BE in obese women, and only more structured and intensive treatment (INT and EXE) were able to improve SBE. Someway, BDNF appears to modulate SCA in obese women, however future studies should investigate more deeply the role of BDNF, insulin, LEP and glycaemia in SCA in obese women, under different types of intervention.
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    Dependência de Exercício Físico, Dismorfia Muscular e Ansiedade Traçoestado em Praticantes de Crossfit.
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-11-29) Laynes, Isabela Anderson [UNIFESP]; Lombardi Júnior, Imperio [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Crossfit Is An Exercise Method That Aims At Maximum Performance And Has Attracted Large Numbers Of Regular Practitioners In Recent Years. Regular Practice Of Exercise Positive Physical And Emotional Repercussions And Is Directly Better Perception Of Body Image And Sense Of Well-Being. On The Other Hand, If Compulsive Manner, Can Lead To Dependence And Damage In The Psychobiological Context. Objective: To Evaluate The Prevalence Of Physical Exercise Dependence, Muscular Dysmorphia And Trait-State Anxiety In Crossfit Practitioners From The City Of São Paulo. Methods: In Five Boxes Of Crossfit Of The City Of São Paulo, 150 Males And Of Crossfit, Were Evaluated At The Post-Training Moment, Characterizing The Study As Transverse. From The Results Of The Revised Exercise Dependency Scale Were In Two Groups, With Risk And Without Risk Of Exercise Dependence. Tracheostomy Anxiety And Muscular Dysmorphism Were Assessed Through The Trait Anxiety Inventory And State And Satisfaction Scale With Muscular App
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    Desoxigenação de músculos respiratórios e locomotor durante exercício incremental em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-07-30) Freitas, Tiago Obeid De [UNIFESP]; Silva, Bruno Moreira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) causes difficulties for physical exercise, in part, because the oxygen supply is incompatible with the oxygen demand of skeletal striated muscles in dynamic contractions. However, it is possible that the imbalance between demand and supply of oxygen for inspiratory, expiratory and locomotive muscles is not identical, which, however, remains unexplored. In addition, the mechanisms involved in the imbalance of muscle deoxygenation are not yet fully elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this dissertation project is to compare the kinetics of muscle deoxygenation between inspiratory (intercostal), expiratory (transverse) and locomotor (vastus lateralis) muscles in patients with COPD. For this purpose, during a visit, individuals with COPD underwent an exercise test on a cycle ergometer, with an incremental increase in the exercise load, where cardiorespiratory responses were measured, and, mainly, muscle deoxygenation by near infrared spectroscopy. NIRS). The behavioral analysis of the muscular deoxygenation proved to be unfeasible after evaluation by two independent researchers. The results of the comparison of the areas between the muscles showed that there were no differences between the intercostal, transverse and vastus lateralis muscles. However, the correlation analyzes between the three muscles did not show an association between the deoxygenation of each one, pointing to a heterogeneity in the variation of deoxygenation between the muscles, which suggests a different degree of involvement between them.
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    Efeito da associação entre vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células estromais mesenquimais e exercício físico aeróbio no diabetes experimental
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-05-20) Rampaso, Rodolfo Rosseto [UNIFESP]; Borges, Fernanda Teixeira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial disease characterized by severe hyperglycemia, with several complications such as diabetic nephropathy (ND), a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. In the pathophysiology of ND are the production of reactive oxygen species, which overload mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial dynamics can be favorably influenced by physical exercise. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been studied in several models of chronic kidney disease, their effect is predominantly paracrine and mediated by extracellular vesicles (EV). Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of the association between VE and aerobic physical exercise in diabetic animals. Control and diabetic animals were divided into sedentary, exercised (treadmill training for 5 days a week, for 8 weeks) and who received EV (5 doses of 80μg, every 10 days) or both. Our data suggest both treatments had protective and/or regenerative effects on the kidney of diabetic rats. Exercise decreased glycemia, increased body weight gain, improved proteinuria, stimulated mitochondrial fusion and increased expression of glomerular filtration markers (Podocin and Nephrin). While EVs decreased glycemia, they had an intense anti-inflammatory effect by reducing proinflammatory factors (IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha), but had limited effects on proteinuria, on expression of podocyte proteins and on mitochondrial dynamics. Thus, we suggest that probably both therapeutic interventions act by distinct mechanisms that do not potentiate, but that mainly do not cancel each other and their association may be beneficial in diabetes.
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    Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre a musculatura esquelética de ratas ovariectomizadas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-12-17) Lazzarin, Mariana Cruz [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; Braga, Viviane Aparecida Vieira Nogueira [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9613840344126322; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071198026371230; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1579497511371132; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    O estudo investigou os efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio sobre a massa muscular e a área da fibra muscular dos músculos sóleo de ratas ovariectomizadas. As ratas foram separadas em quatro grupos: controle sedentário (CS), controle treinado (CT), ovariectomizado sedentário (OS) e ovariectomizado treinado (OT). Os animais ovariectomizados foram submetidos à ooforectomia bilateral para retirada dos ovários e após isso foram submetidos a um treinamento aeróbio com duração de 8 semanas, frequência semanal de 5 dias, sendo uma hora de exercício físico aeróbio com intensidade de 50 a 60% da velocidade máxima atingida no teste de esforço inicial. Os animais também passaram por teste progressivo até a exaustão máxima no começo, meio e final do protocolo de treinamento. Após o término do treinamento, os animais foram anestesiados para retirada dos músculos sóleo e plantar. Os músculos foram pesados, processados em parafina e emblocados. Foram feitas lâminas com cortes transversais para a análise da área das fibras e a coloração utilizada foi hematoxilina-eosina. O grupo OT apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,05) nos valores de massa muscular quando comparado com o grupo OS. Em ambos os músculos, o OT apresentou maiores valores que o OS. O valor da área da fibra muscular não apresentou valores significativos. A tolerância à realização de esforço físico apresentou diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os grupos sedentários (CS e OS) e treinados (CT e OT), CT e OT tiveram maior distância percorrida no teste máximo. Entre os grupos treinados (CT e OT), o grupo ovariectomizado apresentou menor distância percorrida, sendo essa diferença significativa (p<0,05). Conclui-se que o treinamento físico aeróbio de intensidade moderada, com duração de oito semanas, foi capaz de manter a massa dos músculos sóleo e plantar, assim como aumentar significativamente a tolerância ao esforço físico das ratas ovariectomizadas (OT) em relação ao grupo sedentário (OS)
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    Efeito dos níveis de vitamina e exercício físico no desempenho físico e funcional de idosas ativas após suplementação com colecalciferol
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-06-06) Nascimento, Neide Alessandra Perigo [UNIFESP]; Cendoroglo, Maysa Seabra [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6897068755022692; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9649118426007612; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: The practice of physical exercise is widely recommended and does not consider 25(OH)D serum levels in part because it is not conclusive if there is interaction between them and if there is any effect of this possible interaction. The maintenance of functional capacity is very important for functional independence in older people, and may depend on a better result of the practice of physical exercise. Therefore, identifying factors that may improve the outcome of this practice, such as serum 25(OH)D levels, is relevant for achieving active aging. Objective: To study the interaction of 25(OH)D with physical exercise and its effect on muscular strength and body balance of independent elderly women living in the community. Methods: Group intervention trial. We evaluated 345 elderly women aged ≥ 60 years (67 ± 5 years), practitioners of physical exercise for at least one year at the Sports and Cultural Center of Social Service of Commerce - Santana / SP (Sesc). We compared 146 practitioners of Aquatic training (AT); 99 elderly women practicing Multifunctional Fitness (MF); and 100 elderly women who did not practice supervised exercise, who were classified as sedentary (control - CT), by the international questionnaire of physical activity. In each group, the elderly women with levels of 25(OH)D below the median of the respective group were supplemented with cholecalciferol, 21,000 IU / week for 12 months. All the elderly women performed at the beginning and at the end of 12 months the following physical, functional and biochemical tests: 2 min step test (2MST); Timed Up-and- Go (TUG), Chair stand in 30 seconds (CS), Hand Grip, right and left arm (HGR and HGL), Arm Curl (AC), Functional Reach test (FR), Unipedal Balance with Visual Control (UB),Hip flexor muscle strength with portable dynamometer (HF) and knee extensors (KE), serum 25(OH)D, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and others. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was also calculated and Bone Densitometry (DXA) was performed. Comparison of the baseline data was performed by the univariate General Linear Model (GLM). For treatment analysis GLM was used for repeated measures, considering the level of significance α <0.05. Results: The supplementation significantly increased the levels of 25(OH)D in the ATS (pre: 12.06 ± 2.64; post: 39.42 ± 13.82 ng / mL - p <0.001), MFS (pre: 13,01±3,43; post:37,36±10,46 ng/mL - p<0,001) and CTS (pre: 10.86 ± 2.26 ng/mL; post: 38.30 ± 13.77 ng/mL - p <0.001).The interaction of 25(OH)D supplementation with exercise was significant in the tests that evaluated lower limb strength and static balance: TUG (p=0.005), UB (p=0.03), HF (p<0.001 ) and 2MST (p=0.02). There was a change in the level of PTH: ATS (pre: 50.16 ± 17.53, post: 47.09 ± 18.26 pg/ mL), MFS (pre: 42.49 ± 14.15, post: 39.44 ± 11.97 pg/mL) and CTS (pre: 49.12 ± 22.30; post: 38.66 ± 14.87 pg/mL). Conclusion: There was interaction between the 25(OH)D levels and physical exercise, on the tests that evaluated the strength of lower limbs and the static balance. The results suggest that health professionals, including Physical Education professionals that guide exercise, should work in teams with Geriatricians and Gerontologists and recommend that elderly people have their Vitamin D reserves evaluated in order to improve physical and functional performance. Other studies will be needed to confirm these results.
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    Efeitos da aplicação de vesículas extracelulares em ratos com doença renal crônica por Nx5/6 submetidos ao exercício físico
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-01-31) Luiz, Rafael Da Silva [UNIFESP]; Borges, Fernanda Teixeira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The repairing effect of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), especially their extracellular vesicles (VEs), has received much attention. Additionally, knowledge about physical exercise has been growing, but the effect of its association with potential repair therapies is still little explored. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the association between exercise and VEs on renal function in rats submitted to Nx5/6. Wistar rats were divided into control groups (C), Exercise (E), Sedentary + Nx5/6 (NS), Exercise + Nx5/6 (NS), NS + VE (NSV) and NE + EV (ENV). The training was 60min/day of swimming, 5 days per week for 8 weeks and the VEs (100μg) were injected into the caudal vein every 10 days for 50 days, both after surgery. Our results showed that Nx5/6 increased mean arterial pressure, glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria, leading to a decrease in renal function (decreased creatinine clearance and increased plasma urea), weight gain and cardio-respiratory capacity, causing an increase in mortality. Physical exercise increased cardiorespiratory capacity, improved renal function, but not proteinuria, showed antioxidant action by inducing mitochondrial dynamics (increased fusion and decreased mitochondrial fission), which reduced the mortality of nephrectomized animals. Extracellular vesicles extracted from MSCs also increased cardio-respiratory capacity, improved kidney function and decreased mortality in nephrectomized animals. The association was beneficial, since it potentiated the effects induced by the VEs. Our results suggest that physical exercise and administration of extracellular vesicles extracted from MSCs exert protective and/or repairing effects on the kidney and decrease the mortality of nephrectomized animals, probably by distinct mechanisms that may be potentiated by each other.
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    Efeitos da atividade física na redução de risco de hipertensão arterial na gestação: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-12-21) Cotrim, Maíra Marques [UNIFESP]; Chriguer, Rosangela Soares [UNIFESP]; Sousa, Francisco Lázaro Pereira de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2033725804959768; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7277226334658321; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0190530198109794; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    O presente estudo objetivou analisar como a literatura científica tem se pronunciado no que se refere aos efeitos da atividade física na redução de risco para desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial na gestação. Para obter a amostra foram acessadas as bases de dados online PUBMED e LILACS. Os termos utilizados nas buscas foram: pregnancy AND arterial hypertension AND exercises; pregnancy AND preeclampsia AND exercises; e seus equivalentes em português e espanhol. Um fluxograma composto por 4 etapas e adaptado da recomendação PRISMA (principais itens para elatar revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises), foi utilizado no processo de identificação dos artigos, seleção, elegibi-lidade e inclusão. Utilizando os critérios de inclusão, foram identificados 124 artigos em duas bases de dados (PUBMED e LILACS). Posteriormente empregando os critérios de exclusão tais como re-moção de revisões de literatura, estudos duplicados e que não condizem com a temática do trabalho, elegeram-se 11 artigos para leitura completa e análise. A produção científica evidenciou que a ativi-dade física tem caráter protetivo, diminuindo os riscos da mulher desenvolver graves complicações hipertensivas ao longo da gestação, no puerpério e do feto ter seu desenvolvimento comprometido, porém, estudos mais aprofundados precisam ser futuramente realizados.
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    Efeitos da intensidade de treinamento físico sobre a sensibilidade à insulina e atividade da AKT no músculo esquelético de ratos obesos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009-12-15) Kawaguti, Ricardo Henrique Gonçalves [UNIFESP]; Pauli, José Rodrigo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4940811853835506; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1611639329804135; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: O treinamento de endurance aumenta o transporte de glicose muscular estimulado pela insulina e levando a uma melhora no controle metabólico de pacientes com diabetes. Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de duas diferentes intensidades de exercício aeróbio nos primeiros passos da ação da insulina no músculo de ratos obesos e diabéticos. Delineamento: Ratos machos submetidos ao treinamento de natação 5 vezes por semana durante 6 semanas foram comparados com animais do grupo controle. No final do período de treinamento, os animais foram anestesiados e receberam injeção intravenosa de insulina e tiveram um fragmento do músculo gastrocnêmio extraído para experimentos. Métodos: A fosforilação em serina da Akt foi detectada pelo total extraído de immunoblot. Resultados: A fosforilação da Akt induzida pela insulina aumentou no grupo treinado (OT-1 e OT-2) quando comparados com o grupo sedentário (OS), porém o grupo OT-2 teve aumento maior quando comparado com o grupo OT-1. Estes resultados foram acompanhados pelo aumento da resposta à insulina demonstrada pelo aumento na taxa de captação de glicose no teste de intolerância à insulina (TTI). Conclusão: As diferentes melhoras na responsividade à insulina induzida por duas diferentes intensidades de exercício aeróbio crônico no músculo esquelético de ratos, mostrou que o treinamento realizado com intensidade mais alta trouxe mais benefícios na modulação da via de sinalização da insulina.
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    Efeitos da prática do exercício físico em jejum e a oxidação de substratos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-08-27) Alves, Renan Luiz da Silva [UNIFESP]; Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9928572887023286; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5940161661195291; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Estudos mostram que para que atingir o emagrecimento deve-se aliar: rotina de exercícios combinado com uma alimentação saudável, melhorando a qualidade de vida. A prática de exercícios em jejum se tornou uma prática comum, porém arriscada. O jejum se caracteriza por um longo período de tempo sem a ingestão de alimentos. Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender os efeitos do exercício físico realizado em jejum, e sua relação com a oxidação de substratos. Em diálogo com a literatura, foi possível concluir que os efeitos da prática de exercícios físicos em jejum possui relação com a oxidação de substratos, de forma que outras vias energéticas podem ser utilizadas. Em síntese realizar exercícios físicos em jejum não oferece benefícios quando comparado ao estado alimentado.
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    Efeitos de diferentes tipos de treinamento na aptidão física de pessoas idosas: um estudo transversal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-12-15) Nogueira, Gabriel Claro [UNIFESP]; Botero, João Paulo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5429159170761764; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3073057961645365; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: O exercício físico consiste em um conjunto de atividades físicas bem estruturadas que podem auxiliar na melhora de diversas funções corporais. Diante disso, as atividades aquáticas e o treinamento resistido podem ser estratégicos para atenuar efeitos negativos associados ao envelhecimento. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos da prática de atividades aquáticas de hidroginástica com os da prática de treinamento resistido na força, capacidade aeróbia, equilíbrio e flexibilidade de idosos. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo transversal no qual foram convidados a participar indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com mais de 60 anos, que praticavam treinamento resistido ou treinamento aquático por pelo menos 4 meses ininterruptos. Deste modo, um total de 50 idosos participaram deste estudo, sendo o Grupo A formado por praticantes de hidroginástica (n=30) e, o Grupo B formado por praticantes de treinamento resistido (n=20). Assim, foram avaliadas as capacidades de força muscular; capacidade aeróbia; equilíbrio dinâmico e flexibilidade pelos testes de preensão palmar, força de extensão dos joelhos, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M), timed up and go (TUG) e teste de flexibilidade no banco de Wells. Os dados obtidos foram comparados entre grupos. Hipótese: Ambos os treinamentos causam efeitos positivos nas variáveis analisadas, porém em valores mais expressivos para o treinamento resistido em relação ao treinamento de hidroginástica. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos nos testes de flexibilidade (WELLS) e equilíbrio (TUG), já nas variáveis de força com os testes de força de preensão palmar (p < 0.001) e (p = 0.003), força de extensão dos joelhos (p < 0.001) e (p = 0.012) e teste de caminhada de 6 minutos ( p = 0.010) apresentaram resultados significativos Conclusão: O treinamento resistido e a hidroginástica são atividades físicas importantes para a promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida dos idosos, mas quando comparados, o treinamento resistido apresenta vantagens sobre a hidroginástica em relação ao desenvolvimento da força muscular e da capacidade aeróbica, que são componentes essenciais para aptidão física.
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    Efeitos de diferentes tipos de treinamento na qualidade de vida, estresse e depressão de pessoas idosas: um estudo transversal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-12-15) Oliveira, Mateus Silva [UNIFESP]; Botero, João Paulo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5429159170761764; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6873343760841644; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: O exercício físico é um conjunto de movimentos bem estruturados, que auxiliam na melhora de diversas funções corporais, tanto físicas quanto psicológicas. Ele se faz importante no envelhecimento, prevenindo e controlando inúmeros problemas causados pela senescência, promovendo maior qualidade de vida, reduzindo o estresse e sendo importante para o tratamento de doenças como a depressão. São diversos os tipos de exercícios que podem causar esses benefícios, dois deles são os aquáticos e os resistidos, cada um com suas dinâmicas e pontos positivos a agregar ao praticante. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tipos de treinamento na qualidade de vida, estresse e depressão de pessoas idosas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, onde foram selecionados dois grupos de indivíduos idosos que participam de diferentes programas de exercícios físicos promovidos pela Prefeitura de Praia Grande-SP, sendo o Grupo 1 formado por praticantes de treinamento resistido (GTR) e o Grupo 2 formado por praticantes de hidroginástica (GH). Os voluntários são praticantes regulares dos devidos treinamentos, e responderam questionários que medem o nível de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-OLD), o nível de estresse percebido (PSS-14) e o nível de sintomas de depressão de cada um deles (BDI). A partir desta coleta, os dados obtidos foram comparados entre os grupos. Resultados: Os escores gerais dos questionários de ambos os grupos foram utilizados para avaliar a efetividade dos treinamentos para com as variáveis. A partir dessa análise, percebeu-se que ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados positivos para cada varável. A comparação dos escores gerais dos dois grupos resultou em: para qualidade de vida, p=0.158 (sem diferença significativa entre os grupos); para nível de estresse percebido, p=0.180 (sem diferença significativa entre os grupos); para sintomas de depressão, p=0.030 (com diferença significativa entre os grupos), com o GTR apresentando resultados positivamente superiores ao GH. Conclusão: Concluímos que os diferentes tipos de treinamento estudados causam efeitos semelhantes na qualidade de vida e estresse de indivíduos idosos, mas que para depressão, o treinamento resistido se mostrou mais efetivo. A divergência nesta última variável pode indicar certa superioridade do treinamento resistido no tratamento de desordens psicológicas, contudo, maiores estudos comparativos diretos entre as duas modalidades se fazem necessários para a obtenção de conclusões mais adequadas.
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    Efeitos Do Exercício Aeróbio Prévio Em Ratos Wistar Submetidos À Lesão De Isquemia/Reperfusão Renal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-02-28) Lima, Weslei Vicente De [UNIFESP]; Schor, Nestor [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The relationship between previous aerobic exercise (PAE) and acute kidney injury (AKI) has been poorly investigated in Wistar rats without pathologies. We evaluate the influence of previous aerobic training on the renal function by analyzing the blood biochemistry (creatinine and urea), urine (proteinuria) in Wistar rats which underwent the AKI by I/R. Furthermore, we also evaluate the stages of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) by histological examination and the levels of caspase-3 activity by immunohistochemistry. Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: sham (S), ischemic and reperfusion (I/R) and ischemic and reperfusion exercise (I/R Ex). The group I/R Ex went through progressive aerobic training with moderate intensity for 4 weeks. After that, each group underwent an AKI induction surgery by means of clamping the bilateral renal arteries for 45 minutes. Serum creatinine (sCr), urea (sUr) and proteinuria levels were evaluated after 48 hour of reperfusion. In separate experiments, the kidneys of the animals were removed, fixed in 10% formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and PAS (Schiff) for histological analysis. Tubule interstitial changes were evaluated by measuring tissue necrosis graded on a 0 to 4 scale in relation to the extent of kidney damage. The PAE produced significant improvement in the levels of creatinine and urea (p <0.05). Agreeing with the histopathologic analysis, the group I/R Ex showed a lesser degree of renal tubular injury and immunohistochemistry showed reduced activated caspase-3 levels compared to the other groups. Our results suggest that PAE attenuates renal damage induce by I/R. Further studies are needed in order to identify the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.
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    Efeitos do exercício físico sobre funções cognitivas em indivíduos dependentes de álcool e outras drogas associadas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-03-14) Silva, Regiane Dias Amorim [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The harms caused by the consumption of alcohol and other drugs In the central nervous system, associated with a variety of cognitive deficits such as Impairments in prospective memory, executive functions, attention and abstraction And problem solving. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that the beneficial effects of Exercise and mental health are related to biochemical changes Release of several neurotransmitters and neural factors, demonstrated by means of And cognitive abilities. Thus, the objective of this project was to evaluate the Cognitive strategies promoted by a protocol of moderate physical exercise in individuals dependent on Alcohol and other associated drugs. The study was composed of 29 participants divided into two Groups: G1 = 6 individuals dependent on alcohol and other drugs, not submitted to the protocol of Exercise and G2 = 23 individuals with alcohol and other drug dependence who underwent Protocol of regular aerobic physical exercises through walking / running. The intervention by Physical exercise had a duration of 5 weeks (3x per week) and the instruments of analysis Used were: Borg scale for the monitoring and perception of effort threshold; Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) To identify possible risks in the practice of physical exercises; International Questionnaire on Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) that estimates the weekly time Spent on physical activities of daily life; 6-minute Walk Test to assess ability functional; Involvement Screening Test with Alcohol, Cigarette and Other Substances (Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) which assesses the pattern of Drugs of abuse; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDATE) that Evaluates the trait and state of anxiety; Beck Depression Inventory - BDI) that measures depression; King's Word List (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test - RAVLT) that evaluates functions such as short-term verbal auditory memory, learning index, Memory and information retention; Stroop (Victory Version) test that assesses flexibility Mental memory, working memory, information processing speed, semantic activation And the ability to withstand a characteristic response; And the Brunel Humor Scale which evaluates Mood states at different times. By means of a protocol of 5 weeks of exercise Moderate aerobic physical activity, there is an increase in vigor, a decrease in fatigue and Confusion, improvement in short-term memory, learning, recognition index, Depression and anxiety and better performance in mental flexibility.
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    Efeitos do treinamento resistido sob oclusão vascular no estado de humor de idosos clinicamente estáveis
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-01-30) Miranda, Rafael Eduardo Eustorgio Pinheiro Chagas [UNIFESP]; Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Introduction: Aging leads to deterioration in the maintenance of homeostatic processes over time, resulting in physical and mental impairments such as reduced strength and muscle mass as well as worsening mood. In an attempt to alleviate this scenario, in search of physical and mental benefits, the regular practice of high-intensity traditional resistance exercise (TRAD) has been recommended. However, due to the high rate of sedentary lifestyle and joint problems observed in this population, the prescription of high intensity has some limitations. As a consequence, the most studied alternative has been resistance training under vascular occlusion (TOV). However, despite offering physical benefits, the effect of this modality on mood status in the elderly is not known. Objective: To evaluate the impact of TOV on the mood state of clinically stables elderly. Methods: 16 physically active and clinically stable elderly (aged 65 to 75 years) were randomly divided into two 12 weeks resistance-training groups (TOV x TRAD). Volunteers from both groups were evaluated acutely (pre x post first training session) and chronic (pre x post 12 weeks of training). Acutely only mood analyzes were made. Chronically besides mood states, the following parameters were evaluated: muscle strength and mass, body composition, total testosterone, and cortisol. Data were compared using the General Linear Model (GLM) for retreaded measurements. Results: Immediately after the first session of resistance exercise, there was an increase in the total mood disturbance dimension (TRAD, p<0,001; TOV, p<0,001) and reduction in the vigor dimension (TRAD, p<0,001; TOV, p<0,001). This fall in the mood was significantly higher in the TOV group compared to the TRAD group. This acute negative effect was reversed after 12 weeks of training (TRAD, p<0,001; TOV, p<0,001) with return of mood to positive pre-training levels. Besides, both training sessions significantly increased the strength and muscle mass of the elderly without a difference between the groups. Conclusion: Despite TOV promotes mood worsening (acute), it was able to promote the same positive long term TRAD, even when performing exercise with low loads. Conjointly with the increase of strength and muscle mass, we believe TOV might be a potential exercise strategy for improving the physical and mental health of older people.
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    Epilepsy, seizures, physical exercise, and sports: a report from the ilae task force on sports and epilepsy
    (Wiley-blackwell, 2016) Capovilla, Giuseppe; Kaufman, Kenneth R.; Perucca, Emilio; Moshe, Solomon L.; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]
    People with epilepsy (PWEs) are often advised against participating in sports and exercise, mostly because of fear, overprotection, and ignorance about the specific benefits and risks associated with such activities. Available evidence suggests that physical exercise and active participation in sports may favorably affect seizure control, in addition to producing broader health and psychosocial benefits. This consensus paper prepared by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy offers general guidance concerning participation of PWEs in sport activities, and provides suggestions on the issuance of medical fitness certificates related to involvement in different sports. Sports are divided into three categories based on potential risk of injury or death should a seizure occur: group 1, sports with no significant additional risk
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    Equilíbrio estático em idosos: comparação entre idosos que realizam exercícios físicos e idosos que realizam atividades manuais
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-06-10) Farnese, Andréia Cristina Guimarães [UNIFESP]; Albertini, Regiane [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2515657728339113; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1577144281547848; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    O processo de envelhecimento, denominado senescência é considerado um processo fisiológico onde ocorre a degeneração natural das estruturas orgânicas. As alterações da senescência incluem, declínio progressivo das respostas fisiológicas e habilidades adaptativas ao ambiente, aumento da suscetibilidade a doenças e diminuição do equilíbrio postural, inferindo o risco de quedas e podem levar a fraturas, restrição ao leito e ao risco de morte. Os exercícios físicos são notáveis por melhorar o equilíbrio, pois agem tanto na força muscular, como na propriocepção e agilidade dos movimentos. Os exercícios de coordenação motora fina, aqui denominados de atividades manuais, elevam o metabolismo das células cerebrais, mais precisamente do hipocampo e também trabalham o foco durante as atividades. Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar o equilíbrio estático entre idosos, que realizam atividade manuais ou exercício físico. Os sujeitos foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a prática da atividade: grupo controle (GC) com dezessete participantes para os indivíduos sedentários, grupo praticante de atividades manuais (GAM) com dezessete participantes e grupo praticante de exercício físico (GPE) com dezessete participantes. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizadas a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, o teste Time up and Go e análise estabilométrica realizada através do Baropodômetro. A estatística descritiva e a análise ANOVA foram realizadas para a análise dos dados. Os principais resultados obtidos nos testes foram: Escala de Berg: 39 ± 1.98 pontos no GC, 53 ± 0.79 no GAM e 54 ± 0.4 pontos no GPE (p < 0,0001); Time up and GO: 17,4 ± 2.01 s no GC, 9,14 ± 1.59 s no GAM e 7,8 ± 0.47 s no GPE (p < 0,0006). As principais variáveis avaliadas através da baropodometria apresentaram os seguintes resultados: Comprimento da Oscilação do COP: 200,96 ± 29,35 mm para o GC, 61,71 ± 3,41 mm para o GAM e 57,90 ± 2,05 mm (p < 0,0001) para o GPE, Área: 799,84 ± 71,91 mm2 para o GC, 24,49 ± 5,44 mm2 para o GAM e 18,48 ± 2,55 mm2 para o GPE (p < 0,0001). Concluímos que há uma diferença significativa entre o equilíbrio estático de idosos do grupo controle quando comparado aos grupos de atividades manuais e praticante de exercícios. Sendo os idosos do grupo controle sedentários ou irregularmente ativos, segundo avaliação do IPAQ realizada, os mesmos apresentaram um grande déficit de equilíbrio. Já os idosos do grupo praticante de atividades manuais e do grupo que realizam exercícios físicos apresentaram equilíbrio estático preservado.
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    Estresse e exercício físico durante o período gestacional e sua influência na prole após um insulto convulsivo: estudo em um modelo animal
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-06-27) Lopim, Glauber Menezes [UNIFESP]; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]; Gutierre, Robson Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3048510516924444; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8352745170435172; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5026538910540987; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Environmental factors such as prenatal stress can lead to changes in the development of the nervous system and consequently increase the susceptibility to seizures and the development of epilepsy in the offspring at the early and later stages of life. Furthermore, the developing brain in the postnatal period is more susceptible to seizures, depending on the stage of brain development. Recent studies in animals show that physical exercise during fetal development can improve some of the puppies' brain functions after birth. Besides that the beneficial influence of physical exercise on the developing nervous system during gestation, it is not clear whether physical activity during the gestational period may exert a protective effect on brain insult in offspring early in life. In this study, we verified if the physical exercise and / or restraint stress during pregnancy could alter in offspring the susceptibility and the intensity the seizures induced in the early and later phases of the life using the model of pentilenotetrazole (PTZ), as well as morphological alterations caused by this model. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: Control (n = 15), Stress (n = 16), Forced exercise (n = 15), Stress / volunteer (n = 13). Male offspring of these mothers were then divided into the following groups: Control (n = 112), Stress (n = 114), Forced exercise (n = 117), Stress / forced, Stress / volunteer (n = 85). Our results showed that offspring of mothers of the stress group presented a decrease in latency and a greater severity in the motor manifestations. We also observed that the two types of physical exercise (forced and voluntary) associated with stress at the two initial ages P15 and P25 and at the dose of 45mg / kg reverted this condition. For the other doses used at P15 and P25 (60 and 100mg / kg) and for the age of P60 (dose 45mg / kg) no significant changes were observed. Stereological analysis showed that there were no differences in hippocampal volume and cell counts in the dentate gyrus region between the groups and between the analyzed ages. Thus, behavioral analyzes of our results indicate that physical exercise during the gestational period provides positive changes and these alters are transmitted to the offspring when induced to a convulsive insult.
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    Exercício físico aeróbio atenua o remodelamento ventricular direito em ratos submetidos a bandagem da artéria pulmonar
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-07-31) Melo, Brunno Lemes de [UNIFESP]; Serra, Andrey Jorge [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6499058447489317; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9727135734775467; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Pulmonary arterial stenosis (PAS) is a congenital defect that causes outflow tract obstruction of the right ventricle (RV). Currently, negative issues are reported in the PAS management: not all patients may be eligible to surgeries; there is often the need for another surgery during passage to adulthood; patients with mild stenosis may have later cardiac adverse repercussions. Thus, the search for approaches to counteract the long-term PAS effects showed to be a current target. At the study herein, we evaluated the cardioprotective role of exercise training in rats submitted to PAS for 9 weeks. Results: Exercise resulted in improved physical fitness and systolic RV function. Exercise also blunted concentric cavity changes, diastolic dysfunction, and fibrosis induced by PAS. Exercise additional benefits were also reported in a pro-survival signal, in which there were increased Akt1 activity and normalized myocardial apoptosis. These findings were accompanied by microRNA-1 downregulation and microRNA-21 upregulation. Moreover, exercise was associated with a higher myocardial abundance of the sarcomeric protein α‐MHC and proteins that modulate calcium handling ‐ ryanodine receptor and Serca 2, supporting the potential role of exercise in improving myocardial performance. Conclusion: Our results represent the first demonstration that exercise can attenuate the RV remodeling in an experimental PAS. The cardioprotective effects were associated with positive modulation of RV function, survival signaling pathway, apoptosis, and proteins involved in the regulation of myocardial contractility.