Navegando por Palavras-chave "Panic"

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    5-HT2A receptor activation in the dorsolateral septum facilitates inhibitory avoidance in the elevated T-maze
    (Elsevier B.V., 2012-01-01) Paula, Danubia Cristina de [UNIFESP]; Torricelli, Aline Serra [UNIFESP]; Lopreato, Marina Roquette [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Juliana Olivetti Guzman [UNIFESP]; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Serotonin in the lateral septum has been implicated in the modulation of defense and hence in anxiety. However, it deserves investigation how changes in 5-HT-mechanisms in this area modulate defensive responses associated with specific subtypes of anxiety disorders. We evaluated the effects of intra-dorsolateral septum (DLS) injections of the preferential 5-HT2A receptor agonist DOI (8 and 16 nmol), the 5-HT2C selective agonist MK-212 (0.1 and 1 nmol) and the preferential 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin (10 and 20 nmol) in rats exposed to the elevated T-maze (ETM), a model which allows the measurement of two defensive responses: inhibitory avoidance and escape. These responses have been respectively related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder. All animals were tested in an open-field after the ETM for locomotor activity assessments. Results showed that intra-DLS DOI increased avoidance latencies, an anxiogenic effect. MK and ketanserin were without effect. Also, none of the drugs administered affected the escape performance. Ketanserin blocked the anxiogenic effect caused by DOL. No changes to locomotion were observed. the data suggests that DLS 5-HT2A receptors are involved in the control of inhibitory avoidance and that a failure in this mechanism may be of importance to the physiopathology of generalized anxiety. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Acute restraint differently alters defensive responses and fos immunoreactivity in the rat brain
    (Elsevier B.V., 2012-06-15) Andrade, José Simões de [UNIFESP]; Abrão, Renata Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; Garcia, Marcia Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Juliana Olivetti Guzman [UNIFESP]; Spadari-Bratfisch, Regina Celia [UNIFESP]; Melo-Thomas, Liana [UNIFESP]; Silva, Regina Cláudia Barbosa da [UNIFESP]; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Results from a previous study show that rats exposed to acute restraint display anxiogenic-like behavior, evidenced by facilitation of avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze (ETM) model of anxiety. in contrast, escape responses were unaltered by stress exposure. Since ETM avoidance and escape tasks seem to activate distinct sets of brain structures, it is possible that the differences observed with acute restraint are due to particularities in the neurobiological mechanisms which modulate these responses. in the present study, analysis of fos protein immunoreactivity (fos-ir) was used to map areas activated by exposure of male Wistar rats to restraint stress (30 min) previously (30 min) to the ETM. Corticosterone levels were also measured in stressed and non-stressed animals. Confirming previous observations restraint facilitated avoidance performance, an anxiogenic result, while leaving escape unaltered. Performance of the avoidance task increased fos-ir in the frontal cortex, intermediate lateral septum, basolateral amygdala, basomedial amygdala, lateral amygdala, anterior hypothalamus and dorsal raphe nucleus. in contrast, performance of escape increased fos-ir in the ventromedial hypothalamus, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray and locus ceruleus. Both behavioral tasks also increased fos-ir in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Restraint significantly raised corticosterone levels. Additionally after restraint, fos-ir was predominantly seen in the basolateral amygdala and dorsal raphe of animals submitted to the avoidance task. This data confirms that different sets of brain structures are activated by ETM avoidance and escape tasks and suggests that acute restraint differently alters ETM behavior and the pattern of fos activation in the brain. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    The blockage of ventromedial hypothalamus CRF type 2 receptors impairs escape responses in the elevated T-maze
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Silva, Mariana Santos Carvalho de Faria [UNIFESP]; Souza, Thaissa Marcondes de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Bruno Aranha [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Daniel Araki [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Jackson C.; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]
    In a previous study, the administration of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) into the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), a region that modulates defensive reactions, was shown to facilitate elevated T-maze (ETM) avoidance responses, an anxiogenic-like effect. Intra-DMH administration of the CRF type 1 receptor (CRFR1) antagonist antalarmin induced anxiolytic-like effects and counteracted the anxiogenic effects of CRF. The present study further investigates the role played by CRF receptors of the medial hypothalamus in anxiety. For that, male wistar rats were treated with CRFR1 and CRFR2-modulating drugs in the DMH or VMH, another hypothalamic nucleus implicated with defensive and emotional behavior, and tested in the ETM for inhibitory avoidance and escape measurements. In clinical terms, these responses have been respectively related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder. All animals were tested in an open field, immediately after the ETM, for locomotor activity assessment. The results showed that intra-VMH CRF or antalarmin did not alter ETM avoidance or escape performance. Intra-VMH injection of the CRFR2 preferential antagonist antisauvagine-30 or of the selective CRFR2 antagonist astressin 2-B inhibited escape performance, a panicolytic-like effect, without altering avoidance reactions. The CRFR2 agonist urocortin-2 intra-VMH was by itself without effect but blocked the effects of astressin 2-B. None of the drugs administered into the DMH altered ETM measurements. Additionally, none of the compounds altered locomotor activity measurements. These results suggest that VMH CRFR2 modulate a defensive response associated with panic disorder and are of relevance to the better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying this pathological condition.
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    CRF type 1 receptors of the medial amygdala modulate inhibitory avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze
    (Elsevier B.V., 2014-03-01) Vicentini, Jéssica Elias [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Juliana Olivetti Guzman [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Jackson C.; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a critical role in the mediation of physiological and behavioral responses to stressors. in the present study, we investigated the role played by the CRF system within the medial amygdala (MeA) in the modulation of anxiety and fear-related responses. Male Wistar rats were bilaterally administered into the MeA with CRF (125 and 250 ng/0.2 mu l, experiment 1) or with the CRFR1 antagonist antalarmin (25 ng/0.2 mu l, experiment 2) and 10 min later tested in the elevated T-maze (ETM) for inhibitory avoidance and escape measurements. in clinical terms, these responses have been respectively related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder. To further verify if the anxiogenic effects of CRF were mediated by CRFR1 activation, we also investigated the effects of the combined treatment with CRF (250 ng/0.2 mu l) and antalarmin (25 ng/0.2 mu l) (experiment 3). All animals were tested in an open field, immediately after the ETM, for locomotor activity assessment. Results showed that CRF, in the two doses administered, facilitated ETM avoidance, an anxiogenic response. Antalarmin significantly decreased avoidance latencies, an anxiolytic effect, and was able to counteract the anxiogenic effects of CRF. None of the compounds administered altered escape responses or locomotor activity measurements. These results suggest that CRF in the MeA exerts anxiogenic effects by activating type 1 receptors, which might be of relevance to the physiopathology of generalized anxiety disorder. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Dorsomedial hypothalamus CRF type 1 receptors selectively modulate inhibitory avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze
    (Elsevier B.V., 2014-09-01) Silva, Mariana Santos Carvalho de Faria [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Bruno Aranha [UNIFESP]; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Juliana Olivetti Guzman [UNIFESP]; Bittencourt, Jackson C.; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a critical role in the mediation of physiological and behavioral responses to stressors. in the present study, we investigated the role played by the CRF system within the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) in the modulation of anxiety- and panic-related responses. Male Wistar rats were administered into the DMH with CRF (125 and 250 ng/0.2 mu l, experiment 1) or with the CRFR1 antagonist antalarmin (25 ng/0.2 mu l, experiment 2) and 10 min later tested in the elevated T-maze (ETM) for inhibitory avoidance and escape measurements. in clinical terms, these responses have been respectively related to generalized anxiety and panic disorder. To further verify if the anxiogenic effects of CRF were mediated by CRFR1 activation, we also investigated the effects of the combined treatment with CRF (250 ng/0.2 mu l) and antalarmin (25 ng/0.2 mu l) (experiment 3). All animals were tested in an open field, immediately after the ETM, for locomotor activity assessment. Results showed that 250 ng/0.2 mu l of CRF facilitated ETM avoidance, an anxiogenic response. Antalarmin significantly decreased avoidance latencies, an anxiolytic effect, and was able to counteract the anxiogenic effects of CRF. None of the compounds administered altered escape responses or locomotor activity measurements. These results suggest that CRF in the DMH exerts anxiogenic effects by activating type 1 receptors, which might be of relevance to the physiopathology of generalized anxiety disorder. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Dorsomedial hypothalamus serotonin 1A receptors mediate a panic-related response in the elevated T-maze
    (Elsevier B.V., 2014-10-01) Nascimento, Juliana Olivetti Guzman [UNIFESP]; Kikuchi, Leticia Sumiko [UNIFESP]; Bortoli, Valquiria Camin de; Zangrossi, Helio; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Fed Espirito Santo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    The dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) has long been associated with the regulation of escape, a panicrelated defensive response. Previous evidence has shown that the activation of serotonin (5-HT) 1A and 2A receptors impairs escape behavior induced by the electrical stimulation of the same region. in this study we further explore the relationship of the DMH with defense by investigating the effects of 5-HT1A activation on escape behavior generated in male Wistar rats by an ethologically based aversive stimuli, exposure to one of the open arms of the elevated T-maze (ETM). Aside from escape, the ETM also allows the measurement of inhibitory avoidance, a defensive response associated with generalized anxiety disorder. To evaluate locomotor activity, after ETM measurements animals were submitted to an open field. Results showed that intra-DMH administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT inhibited escape expression. Local administration of the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635 by its own was ineffective, but blocked the panicolytic-like effect of 8-OH-DPAT. Chronic (21 days) systemic treatment with imipramine potentiated the anti-escape effect of 8-OH-DPAT. No significant effects of treatment with 8-OH-DPAT or imipramine on avoidance latencies or the number of lines crossed in the open field were found: These results indicate that 5-HT1A receptors within the DMH may play a phasic inhibitory role on ETM escape expression. As previously proposed, facilitation of 5-HT1A-mediated neurotransmission in the DMH may be involved in the mechanism of action of anti-panic compounds. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Efeito da Deep Brain Stimulation em diferentes subnúcleos do núcleo dorsal da rafe sobre tarefas de esquiva e fuga no labirinto em T elevado e sobre a imunorreatividade à proteína FOS
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-03-15) Lemes, Jéssica Alves [UNIFESP]; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    One Of The Main Neurochemical Systems Associated With Anxiety/Panic Is The Serotonergic System, Originated From The Dorsal Raphe Nucleus (Dr). Previous Evidence Suggests That The Dr Is Composed By Distinct Subpopulations Of Neurons, Morphologically And Functionally Distinct. It Seems That Mainly The Serotonin (5-Ht) Neurons Of The Dorsal Region Of The Dr (Drd) Regulates Anxiety-Related Reactions, While Lateral Wings Dr (Lwdr) 5-Ht Neurons Inhibit Panic-Related Responses. In The Present Study, We Have Used The Technique Of Deep Brain Stimulation (Dbs) To Investigate The Role Of The Drd And Lwdr In Defense Responses. For This, Male Wistar Rats Were Submitted To High-Frequency Stimulation (100 "A, 100 Hz) In One Of These Two Dr Regions For 1 H And Immediately After Tested In The Avoidance Or Escape Tasks Of The Elevated T-Maze (Etm). In Clinical Terms, These Responses Have Been Respectively Related To Generalized Anxiety And Panic Disorder. After Being Submitted To The Etm, Animals Were Placed In An Open Field F
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    Efeitos Comportamentais e Imunoistoquímicos da Deep Brain Stimulation Administrada à Porção Dorsal e às Asas Laterais do Núcleo Dorsal da Rafe
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-05-15) Lemes, Jessica Alves [UNIFESP]; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3053794724319601; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6122331252125818; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Um dos principais sistemas neuroquímicos associados à modulação da ansiedade e do pânico é o serotonérgico e cerca de 80% dos neurônios serotonérgicos que se projetam para o prosencéfalo tem sua origem em um núcleo mesencefálico, o núcleo dorsal da rafe (NDR). Evidências clínicas e experimentais sugerem que subpopulações neuronais morfológica e funcionalmente distintas compõem a estrutura. Em um estudo prévio, demonstramos que a Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS, em português Estimulação Cerebral Profunda), quando administrada a duas sub-regiões do NDR, o subnúcleo dorsal (DRD) e as asas laterais (alNDR), diminuiu respostas relacionadas, respectivamente, à ansiedade e ao pânico no modelo do labirinto em T elevado (LTE). O presente estudo investigou possíveis alterações neurobiológicas relacionadas a estes efeitos. Para tanto, ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à DBS de alta frequência (100 μA, 100 Hz), no DRD ou alNDR por 1h, e então testados nas tarefas de esquiva ou de fuga no LTE. Tendo em vista que inibidores seletivos de recaptação de serotonina (5-HT) são tratamentos farmacológicos de primeira opção para diferentes transtornos de ansiedade, os efeitos da administração crônica de fluoxetina (10 mg/kg, IP, 21 dias) foram investigados em um grupo independente de animais para fins de comparação. Após as medidas realizadas no LTE, os animais foram submetidos a um campo aberto para verificação da sua atividade locomotora. Além disso, foi avaliada a imunorreatividade à proteína c-Fos (Fos-ir) e à enzima limitante para síntese de 5-HT, a triptofano hidroxilase (TrpOH-ir). Resultados mostraram que a DBS administrada ao DRD diminuiu respostas de esquiva no LTE, efeito tipo ansiolítico, sem alterar respostas de fuga ou a atividade locomotora dos animais. Já a fluoxetina IP e a DBS administradas às alNDR diminuiram as respostas de fuga, efeito tipo panicolítico, sem alterarem as respostas de esquiva ou a atividade locomotora dos animais. Enquanto a DBS administrada ao DRD diminuiu a dupla marcação no próprio DRD, a DBS administrada às alNDR aumentou a Fos-ir e a dupla marcação no DRD e nas alNDR. A fluoxetina também aumentou a dupla marcação nas alNDR e no subnúcleo ventral (DRV) do NDR, mas a diminuiu no DRD. Estes resultados sugerem que os efeitos tipo ansiolítico e panicolítico da DBS e da fluoxetina estão relacionados à modulação serotonérgica em diferentes subnúcleos do NDR.
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    Effects of chronic treatment with corticosterone and imipramine on fos immunoreactivity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis
    (Elsevier B.V., 2013-02-01) Diniz, Leila [UNIFESP]; Santos, Thays Brenner dos [UNIFESP]; Britto, Luiz Roberto Giorgetti de; Céspedes, Isabel Cristina [UNIFESP]; Garcia, Marcia Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Spadari-Bratfisch, Regina Celia [UNIFESP]; Medalha, Carla Christina [UNIFESP]; Castro, Glaucia Monteiro de [UNIFESP]; Montesano, Fábio Tadeu [UNIFESP]; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    In a previous study we showed that rats chronically treated with corticosterone (CORT) display anxiogenic behavior, evidenced by facilitation of avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze (ETM) model of anxiety. Treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine significantly reversed the anxiogenic effects of CURT, while inhibiting ETM escape, a response related to panic disorder. To better understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these behavioral effects, analysis of c-fos protein immunoreactivity (fos-ir) was used here to map areas activated by chronic CORT (200 mg pellets, 21-day release) and imipramine (15 mg/kg, IP) administration. We also evaluated the number of cells expressing the neurogenesis marker doublecortin (DCX) in the hippocampus and measured plasma CURT levels on the 21st day of treatment. Results showed that CURT increased fos-ir in the ventrolateral septum, medial amygdala and paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus and decreased fos-ir in the lateral periaqueductal gray. Imipramine, on the other hand, increased fos-ir in the medial amygdala and decreased fos-ir in the anterior hypothalamus. CURT also decreased the number of DCX-positive cells in the ventral and dorsal hippocampus, an effect antagonized by imipramine. CURT levels were significantly higher after treatment. These data suggest that the behavioral effects of CURT and imipramine are mediated through specific, at times overlapping, neuronal circuits, which might be of relevance to a better understanding of the physiopathology of generalized anxiety and panic disorder. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Eficácia da Psicoterapia Psicanalítica no tratamento dos Transtornos de ansiedade: Uma revisão sistemática da literatura
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-11-24) Mauger, Vivian Sbrama [UNIFESP]; Lambertucci, Rafael Herling [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5826005580515987; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: Os transtornos de ansiedade têm o segundo maior número de diagnósticos de doenças mentais ao redor do mundo. O conhecimento da eficácia adequada do tratamento dessas doenças é atualmente uma direção importante para profissionais da área de saúde mental. Objetivo: Determinar se a psicoterapia psicanalítica é um tratamento eficaz para pacientes diagnosticados com transtornos de ansiedade. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura de ensaios clínicos randomizados, publicados no idioma inglês ou português, no qual os estudos selecionados utilizaram psicoterapia com abordagem psicanalítica como intervenção em adultos diagnosticados com transtorno de ansiedade e avaliaram os resultados antes e depois por meio de instrumentos psicométricos. As bases de dados eletrônicas Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase e PsycINFO foram utilizadas para seleção dos estudos. Resultados: 16 estudos foram incluídos na revisão, totalizando 1623 sujeitos com idade entre 18 e 70 anos. Os estudos foram publicados entre os anos de 1994 e 2020. A duração dos protocolos de intervenção variou de 8 - 31 sessões com duração de 10 - 37 semanas. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que adultos submetidos a psicoterapia psicanalítica podem ter redução significativa dos sintomas causados pelos transtornos de ansiedade investigados em nosso estudo (transtorno de ansiedade generalizada, transtorno de ansiedade social, transtorno de pânico com ou sem agorafobia). No geral, também demonstrou ser uma intervenção tão eficaz quanto outros tratamentos ativos investigados.
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    GABA/benzodiazepine receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus regulate both anxiety and panic-related defensive responses in the elevated T-maze
    (Elsevier B.V., 2007-09-14) Bueno, Cintia Heloina; Zangrossi Junior, Helio; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    It has been shown that facilitation of GABA-mediated neurotransmission in the medial nucleus of the amygdala and the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) inhibits the escape, but not the inhibitory avoidance response generated in the elevated T-maze test of anxiety (ETM). These defensive behaviors have been associated with panic and generalized anxiety, respectively. Previous evidence indicates that the dorsomedial part of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHdm), which is interconnected with these two brain areas, is also part of the neurobiological substrate controlling escape behavior. in the present study, we investigated in male Wistar rats whether the intra-VMHdm injection of GABA-modulating drugs differently affect the two defensive tasks measured in the ETNI. the results showed that the microinjection of the benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist midazolam (10, 20 and 40 nmol), the GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol (2, 4 and 8 nmol) or the GABA(B) receptor agonist baclofen (2, 4 and 8 nmol) impaired inhibitory avoidance and escape performance, an anxiolytic and panicolytic-like effect, respectively. On the other hand, local administration of the BZD inverse agonist FG 7142 (20, 40 and 80 pmol) facilitated both behaviors, suggesting anxiogenic and panicogenic-like effects. These results were not due to motor alterations, since the drugs did not affect exploratory behavior in an open field. the data suggest that GABA(A)/BZD and GABAB receptors within the VMHdm are involved not only in the control of panic-related, but also of anxiety-related behaviors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All fights reserved.
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    The impact of tonic immobility reaction on the prognosis of posttraumatic stress disorder
    (Elsevier B.V., 2010-03-01) Lima, Alessandra A.; Fiszman, Adriana; Marques-Portella, Carla; Mendlowicz, Mauro V.; Coutinho, Evandro S. F.; Maia, Deborah C. B.; Berger, William; Rocha-Rego, Vanessa; Volchan, Eliane; Mari, Jair J. [UNIFESP]; Figueira, Ivan; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF); ENSP; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Tonic immobility is the last defense reaction to entrapment by a predator. in humans, peritraumatic tonic immobility was correlated with PTSD severity and poor response to treatment. This study compared the role of peritraumatic dissociation, panic physical symptoms and tonic immobility as predictors of response to standard pharmacotherapy for PTSD. Thirty-six PTSD patients underwent a naturalistic pharmacological treatment. the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Clinical Global Impressions Severity of Illness item scores (CGI-S) were employed at baseline and endpoint to examine treatment outcome. Peritraumatic reactions were assessed using the Physical Reactions Subscale, the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire and four motor questions of the Tonic Immobility Scale. After controlling for confounders, tonic immobility was the best predictor of a poor response to treatment, either considering the PCL-C or the CGI-S scores. Tonic immobility seems to have a greater negative impact on PTSD prognosis than peritraumatic panic or dissociation. Additional translational and clinical research may inform about particular mechanisms underlying tonic immobility and open new avenues for prevention and treatment of PTSD. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Is tonic immobility the core sign among conventional peritraumatic signs and symptoms listed for PTSD?
    (Elsevier B.V., 2009-05-01) Rocha-Rego, Vanessa; Fiszman, Adriana; Portugal, Liana Catarina; Pereira, Mirtes Garcia; Oliveira, Leticia de; Mendlowicz, Mauro V.; Marques-Portella, Carla; Berger, William; Freire Coutinho, Evandro Silva; Mari, Jair J. [UNIFESP]; Figueira, Ivan; Volchan, Eliane; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ); Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF); Fiocruz MS; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: Previous Studies suggested the importance of peritraumatic reactions as predictors of PSTD symptoms severity. Despite mounting evidence that tonic immobility occurs under intense life threats its role as predictor of PTSD severity remains by and large understudied. the objective of this study was to investigate the role of peritraumatic reactions (tonic immobility, panic and dissociation) as predictors of PTSD symptoms severity.Methods: Participants were 32 victims of urban violence with PTSD diagnosed through the SCID-I. in order to evaluate PTSD symptoms at baseline, we used the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version. To assess peritraumatic reactions we employed the Physical Reactions Scale, the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire and Tonic Immobility questions. As confounding variables, we considered negative affect (measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Trait Version), sex and time elapsed since trauma.Results: Tonic immobility was the only predictor of PTSD symptoms severity that kept the statistical significance after controlling for potential confounders.Limitations: This study was based on a relatively small sample recruited in a tertiary clinic, a fact that may limit the generalizability of its findings. the retrospective design may have predisposed to recall bias.Conclusions: Our study provides good reason to conduct more research on tonic immobility in PTSD with other samples and with different time frames in an attempt to replicate these stimulating results. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism inhibits the panic-like behaviors produced by electrical stimulation of dorsal periaqueductal gray matter of rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 2010-06-01) Siqueira, Carla Coelho; Rossoni, Renzo Roldi; Carleti Pereira Tiengo, Ana Neide; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Schenberg, Luiz Carlos; Univ Fed Espirito Santo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Conflicting clinical data on the relationship of panic disorder and thyroid diseases illustrate the need for a simpler approach using animal models. Defensive behaviors evoked by electrical or chemical stimulation of dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) have been proposed as a model of panic attack. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of the anti-thyroid agent methimazole (MTZ) either on the panic-like behaviors induced by electrical stimulation of DPAG or the anxiety-like behaviors of rats exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Male Wistar rats bearing electrodes in the DPAG were stimulated with stepwise increased currents. Rats which displayed galloping at intensities below 60 mu A were retested following 5- and 10-day treatments with MTZ (0.6 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or 10- and 15-day washout periods. MTZ effects on EPM performance were assessed in separate groups. MTZ-treated groups were compared to saline-treated controls. in other experiments, rats were similarly treated with MTZ and the blood was collected for hormone assays. the 10-day treatment with MU produced marked increases in the thresholds of exophthalmus (65%), immobility (75%), trotting (63%), galloping (56%), jumping (47%), defecation (114%) and micturition (85%). Effects outlasted the drug discontinuation. in contrast, MU had variable effects in the EPM, significantly increasing the open-arm exploration in 5-day treated and 10-day washout groups. Biochemical data revealed a small but significant decrease (13%) in free thyroxine in MTZ-treated groups. Although not significant, thyrotrophin levels showed a 111% increase following the 10-day treatment with MU. Selective attenuation by MU of DPAG-evoked defensive behaviors supports attenuation of panic attacks in hypothyroidism. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    A panic attack-like unusual stress reaction
    (Elsevier B.V., 2008-11-01) Schenberg, Luiz Carlos; Reis, Adelina Martha dos; Ferreira Povoa, Raner Miguel; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Silva, Sara Regina; Univ Fed Espirito Santo; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Ever since the seminal studies of Hans Selye, activation of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is emblematic of stress. Consequently, the lack of HPA axis responses following the undisputable psychological stress of a panic attack stands out as one of the most intriguing findings of contemporary psychiatry. On the other hand, the defensive behaviors and aversive emotions produced by stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (DPAG) have been proposed as a model of panic attacks. Therefore, we examined whether the plasma levels of 'stress hormones' corticotropin and prolactin show any change following the DPAG-evoked freezing and flight behaviors of the rat. Rats bearing an electrode into the DPAG and an intra-atrial catheter were stimulated at 9:00 a.m., 18-24 h after the catheter implantation. Blood samples were withdrawn just before 1-min stimulation of DPAG, immediately after (5 or 15 min) and throughout 3 to 27 h following stimulation. in another experiment, samples were withdrawn either before or following a prolonged stimulation (5 min) of the DPAG with flight threshold intensity. Hormones were measured by either chemiluminescent or double-antibody immunoassays. Hormone plasma levels following freezing and flight behaviors were compared to those of resting or restraint-stressed rats. Data show that stress hormones remain unaltered following the DPAG-evoked defensive behaviors. Not even the 5-min stimulation of DPAG with the flight threshold intensity changed corticotropin plasma levels significantly. As far as we known, this is the first demonstration of the lack of stress hormone responses following the intense emotional arousal and physical exertion of a fear-like behavior in rats. Data add new evidence of DPAG involvement in spontaneous panic attacks. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    O papel da neurotransmissão mediada por CRF do hipotálamo dorsomedial e ventromedial sobre a modulação de diferentes respostas comportamentais de defesa
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-10-18) Faria, Mariana Santos Carvalho de [UNIFESP]; Viana, Milena de Barros [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3053794724319601; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Corticotrophin Releasing Factor (Crf) Plays A Critical Role In Mediation Of Physiological And Behavioral Responses To Stress. Based On The Role Of The Medial Hypothalamus In Defense-Related Behavioral Responses, And In A Previous Study Demonstrating That Crf Administration In The Dorsomedial (Hdm), A Region That Modulates Defensive Reactions, Was Shown To Facilitate Elevated T-Maze (Etm) Avoidance Responses, An Anxiogenic-Like Effect. Intra-Hdm Administration Of The Crf Type 1 Receptor (Crfr1) Antagonist Antalarmin Induced Anxiolytic-Like Effects And Counteracted The Anxiogenic Effects Of Crf. The Present Study Further Investigates The Role Played By Crf Receptors Of The Medial Hypothalamus In Anxiety. For That, Male Wistar Rats Were Treated With Crfr1 And Crfr2- Modulating Drugs In The Hdm Or Hvm, Another Hypothalamic Nucleus Implicated With Defensive And Emotional Behavior, And Tested In The Etm For Inhibitory Avoidance And Escape Measurements. In Clinical Terms, These Responses Have Been Respectively Relat
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    Translational approach to studying panic disorder in rats: Hits and misses
    (Elsevier B.V., 2014-10-01) Schenberg, Luiz Carlos; Schimitel, Fagna Giacomin; Armini, Rubia de Souza; Bernabe, Cristian Setubal; Rosa, Caroline Azevedo; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Torres Mueller, Claudia Janaina; Quintino-dos-Santos, Jeyce Willig; Univ Fed Espirito Santo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Luiz Carlos Schenberg, Fagna Giacomin Schimitel, Rubia de Souza Armini, Cristian Setubal Bernabe, Caroline Azevedo Rosa, Sergio Tufik, Claudia Janaina Torres Muller, Jeyce Willig Quintino-dos-Santos. Translational Approach to Studying Panic Disorder in Rats: Hits and Misses. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. XX (X) XXX-XXX, 2014. Panic disorder (PD) patients are specifically sensitive to 5-7% carbon dioxide. Another startling feature of clinical panic is the counterintuitive lack of increments in 'stress hormones'. PD is also more frequent in women and highly comorbid with childhood separation anxiety (CSA). On the other hand, increasing evidence suggests that panic is mediated at dorsal periaqueductal grey matter (DPAG). in line with prior studies showing that DPAG-evoked panic-like behaviours are attenuated by clinically-effective treatments with panicolytics, we show here that (i) the DPAG harbors a hypoxia-sensitive alarm system, which is activated by hypoxia and potentiated by hypercapnia, (ii) the DPAG suffocation alarm system is inhibited by clinically-effective treatments with panicolytics, (iii) DPAG stimulations do not increase stress hormones in the absence of physical exertion, (iv) DPAG-evoked panic-like behaviours are facilitated in neonatally-isolated adult rats, a model of CSA, and (v) DPAG-evoked responses are enhanced in the late diestrus of female rats. Data are consistent with the DPAG mediation of both respiratory and non-respiratory types of panic attacks. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Transtornos de ansiedade e exercício físico
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2007-06-01) Araujo, Sônia Regina Cassiano de [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Leite, Jose Roberto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: Until the mid 90's, most of the studies on the anxiolytic effects of exercise were carried out through the evaluation of the anxiety state of young individuals. They were college students or athletes who might be considered pre-fit, thus limiting the validity of the conclusions as regards populations with pathological anxiety. The number of studies involving patients with anxiety disorder is increasing nowadays. Therefore, the objective of the study is to review the articles that discuss the influence of physical exercise on anxiety disorders. METHOD: We ran a MEDLINE search between 1966-1995 and 1996-2006 using the keywords anxiety, panic, phobic disorders, exercise, and physical fitness, in addition to the cross-reference of the articles selected and further analyses of bibliographical references on the topic. RESULTS: Our findings showed heterogeneous designs and methodological limitations. The latest publications are promising and point to the use of physical exercise as an aid to traditional therapies in the treatment of anxiety disorders. CONCLUSION: We observed that aerobic exercises below the lactate threshold might be the most adequate. However, they do not clarify the implications of anaerobic exercise, which suggests caution in the prescription of exercise, mainly the anaerobic kind, to individuals with pathologic anxiety.