Navegando por Palavras-chave "Occupational diseases"

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    Asma ocupacional
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2006-05-01) Fernandes, Ana Luisa Godoy [UNIFESP]; Stelmach, Rafael; Algranti, Eduardo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho
    Work-related asthma is one of the principal occupational respiratory diseases in terms of prevalence. Innumerable chemical substances used in various production processes can cause or aggravate occupational asthma. This chapter contains a brief description of the definition and classification of work-related asthma, as well as the epidemiological repercussions, natural course, diagnostic criteria, progression and legal aspects of the disease, with the objective of raising an alert regarding this disease and its implications for workers.
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    Avaliação da disfunção e da incapacidade nas pneumoconioses
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2006-05-01) Neder, Jose Alberto [UNIFESP]; Bagatin, Ericson; Nery, Luiz Eduardo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
    The determination of functional consequences (dysfunction) and their impact on daily life (incapacitation) is central to the evaluation of patients with occupational respiratory diseases. The present review addresses the fundamentals underlying the instruments used to determine the degree of dysfunction, including clinical aspects, as well as those related to pulmonary function and, in some circumstances, exercise tolerance. In particular, a multifactorial system of classifying the degree of dysfunction is presented, with the objective of informing decisions related to the awarding of retirement benefits in Brazil.
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    Doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica ocupacional
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2006-05-01) Bagatin, Ericson; Jardim, José Roberto [UNIFESP]; Stirbulov, Roberto; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Santa Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
    Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, despite having been widely discussed for nearly half a century, is still rarely addressed in Brazil. Various studies, especially those that were population-based, have revealed the relationship between occupational exposure to aerosols and impairment of the airways. This chapter aims to remind physicians of the diagnosis of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by presenting a succinct review of the literature on the theme, which should be incorporated into the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, in terms of the scope of the diagnostic basis as well as in terms of the questionnaire specific for the disease. Collecting detailed work histories and characterizing exposure to inhaled agents known to have deleterious effects on the respiratory system will surely result in improved approaches to making diagnoses and prognoses of this disease, as well as contributing to its greater control.
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    Doenças asbesto-relacionadas
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2006-05-01) Terra Filho, Mário; Freitas, Jefferson Benedito Pires De; Nery, Luiz Eduardo [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Santa Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Departamento de Medicina Social; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This chapter presents a bibliographic review of asbestos-related diseases. The latest diagnostic, radiological, computed tomography and lung function aspects of benign pleural disease, asbestosis, occupational lung cancer and mesothelioma are discussed.
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    Doenças granulomatosas ocupacionais
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2006-05-01) Bagatin, Ericson; Pereira, Carlos Alberto De Costa [UNIFESP]; Afiune, Jorge Barros; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Instituto Clemente Ferreira
    A variety of diseases are encompassed in the didactic denomination of granulomatous diseases of probable occupational etiology. As well as presenting similar clinical aspects, such diseases are characterized by certain common traits: formation of granulomas; systemic and respiratory manifestations; environmental or occupational exposure to organic or inorganic agents; and T lymphocyte involvement in the pathogenesis. Included in this category are hypersensitivity pneumonitis, mycobacteriosis (all forms) and sarcoidosis, as well as beryllium disease and other lung diseases caused by exposure to heavy metals. In order to highlight the risk of developing one of these diseases as a result of environmental or occupational exposure to etiologic agents, we address aspects related to epidemiology, pathogenesis and evaluation of exposure of these diseases, as well as those related to diagnostic criteria, prevention and control. We have given special emphasis to groups of individuals considered to be at high risk for developing these diseases, as well as to the need for health care professionals to remain aware of the potential occupational etiology of such diseases, a decisive factor in devising effective measures of prevention and epidemiological surveillance.
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    Doenças ocupacionais: os problemas de saúde advindos das condições de trabalho em cozinhas industriais
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-03-02) Mishaly, Asher Messod [UNIFESP]; Brelàz, Gabriela de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5241645954064212; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2973954021343183
    O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as condições de trabalho e o seu impacto na ocorrência das doenças ocupacionais, bem como compreender os fatores de risco que propiciam o surgimento das doenças ocupacionais em cozinhas industriais. Nesse panorama, surge a seguinte questão de pesquisa: quais são os fatores de risco para as doenças e qual o impacto do trabalho em sua evolução nas cozinhas industriais? No que se refere à metodologia, o presente trabalho é de natureza exploratória, realizando uma revisão bibliográfica e análise dos dados disponíveis sobre o assunto. Em suma, entende-se que as doenças mais prevalentes em cozinhas industriais são LER e DORT, sendo que uma eficaz gestão do local e modo de trabalho pode contribuir significativamente com a diminuição dos índices de doenças ocupacionais e acidentes de trabalho no âmbito das cozinhas industriais.
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    Imagem nas doenças ocupacionais pulmonares
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia, 2006-05-01) Meirelles, Gustavo de Souza Portes [UNIFESP]; Kavakama, Jorge Issamu; Rodrigues, Reynaldo Tavares [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    This chapter consists of a review of the literature regarding radiographic and tomographic characteristics of the principal occupational respiratory diseases (silicosis and asbestosis). Special attention is given to the practical relevance of high-resolution computed tomography, which is the most sensitive and specific method of identifying and quantifying the extent of pleural and parenchymal lesions related to such diseases.
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    Pleural Plaques in Asbestos-exposed Workers: Reproducibility of a New High-resolution CT Visual Semiquantitative Measurement Method
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006-03-01) Meirelles, Gustavo de Souza Portes [UNIFESP]; Kavakama, Jorge Issamu; Jasinowodolinski, Dany [UNIFESP]; Nery, Luiz Eduardo [UNIFESP]; Terra-Filho, Mario; Rodrigues, Reynaldo Tavares [UNIFESP]; Neder, Jose Alberto [UNIFESP]; Napolis, Lara Maris [UNIFESP]; Bagatin, Ericson; D'Ippolito, Giuseppe [UNIFESP]; Mueller, Nestor L.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ British Columbia
    Objective: To assess the reproducibility of a new high-resolution computed tomography (CT) visual semiquantitative method for pleural plaques in asbestos-exposed workers.Material and Methods: We performed thin-section CT in 752 chrysotile asbestos mining workers and ex-workers. Institutional review board approval and signed written informed consent from subjects were obtained. Two readers independently evaluated the 752 CT scans and identified 57 workers (mean age +/- SD, 61.8 years +/- 8.1; range, 37 to 81 years) who had pleural plaques and no other pleural or parenchymal abnormality. Three independent radiologists then quantified the plaque burden in these 57 workers using a scoring system based on the evaluation of the maximum thickness of parietal pleural plaques and percentage of parietal pleural surface involvement. We also calculated the proportion between the number of CT slices with diaphragmatic plaques and the total number of slices in which the diaphragm was seen (pdiaph). the intraobserver and interobserver agreements were analyzed using weighted Kappa coefficient.Results: Interobserver agreements were good for the pleural plaque score (k = 0.61, 0.75, and 0.79) and ranged from good (k = 0.61) to excellent (k = 0.86) for the pdiaph. Intraobserver agreements ranged from good to excellent for the pleural plaque score (k = 0.79 and 1.00) and for the pdiaph (k = 0.79 and 0.93).Conclusion: the method proposed for high-resolution CT pleural plaque quantification in asbestos-exposed workers has a high reproducibility.
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    Relação entre dados ocupacionais, sintomas e avaliação vocal de operadores de telesserviços
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia, 2011-03-01) Dassie-leite, Ana Paula; Lourenço, Luciana; Behlau, Mara [UNIFESP]; Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Departamento de Fonoaudiologia; Micelli Soluções em Saúde Empresarial Departamento de Fonoaudiologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    PURPOSE: To relate data regarding gender, age and length of time on the job with voice symptoms and the results of vocal evaluation of teleservice operators. METHODS: A quantitative retrospective analysis was carried with 404 medical records regarding periodic evaluations of employees from bank institutions with owned headquarters contained in the files of a company of occupational medicine, 259 women, 145 men, with ages between 18 and 53 years (mean 30.48). The study had a descriptive exploratory design. RESULTS: Women presented greater quantity of voice symptoms (mean 1.69) and voice alterations (n=33; 12.7%) than men (mean 1.12; n=6; 4.1%). No difference was found between the amount of voice symptoms and the auditory-perceptive evaluation when related to age and length of time on the job. Employees with neutral voices (n=365; 90.35%) presented lesser symptoms (1.41) than employees with non-neutral voices (n=39; 9.65%; mean 2.21). Thirty-four (87.2%) of the 39 employees with non-neutral quality of voice presented laryngopharyngeal resonance, and 21 (53.8%) presented low pitch. Operators with moderate voice alteration presented increased loudness when compared to the operators with discreet alteration. CONCLUSION: Women present greater rate of voice symptoms and disorders. There is no relationship between the increase of age and length of time performing teleoperator functions with the increase of the number of symptoms and vocal alterations. Alterations of pitch, loudness and resonance are related to alterations on the quality of voice.