Navegando por Palavras-chave "Nutritional epidemiology"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosAssociações entre o ambiente nutricional e o acúmulo de gordura abdominal em crianças no município de Santos(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-09-30) Melzer, Matheus Ribeiro Theodosio Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Martins, Paula Andrea [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: Childhood obesity and abdominal obesity are current public health problems, considering the risk of chronic diseases associated to this issue. Among the determinants of weight gain, the nutritional environment around the household neighborhood has been highlighted for its effect on food intake and physical activity given the availability, price and quality of foods and meals offered in food establishments and spaces available for physical activity practice. Objective: To analyze the relationship between aspects of the nutritional environment on abdominal obesity in children living in the urban area of Santos city, Brazil. Methods: A crosssectional design study with household-based survey with 357 mothers and children 3-10 years residents of 36 randomly selected census tracts in the city. Questionnaires regarding socioeconomic status, perception of the environment, sedentary habits, eating habits and 24h recall were applied and anthropometric measurements were collected. Abdominal obesity was classified as a waist-to-height ratio higher or equal to 0.5. Simultaneously, 1800 food and meal selling establishments and 70 public facilities for physical activity were identified in the different regions of the city, and specific questionnaires to assess the availability and quality of food groups and sites were applied. Geographic coordinates were collected in all places assessed and incorporated to a geographic information system. The nutritional environment was bordered by an Euclidean buffer with a 400m radius from the household of each child, accounting for the presence of each establishment and public facility in the covered area, mean quality score of fruits and vegetables available and mean score of healthy eating promotion of food stores close to household. Differences in the characteristics of the nutritional environment between the regions of the city were assessed by Kruskal-Wallis test. Regarding children?s abdominal obesity, the chi-square test was performed for testing the individual and environmental independent variables and those which obtained an association at a p value ? 0.2 were subsequently tested using multilevel multiple logistic regression. Analyzes were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® software (SPSS) v.18 and Stata® SE software v.12. The level of significance used was 0.05. Results: 30.8% of children and 65.2% of mothers had abdominal obesity. Ultra processed foods itens were more frequent in the evaluated stores and the score of healthy eating promotion and the score of quality of fruits and vegetables showed inequities between regions of different socioeconomic levels. Children not 15 consuming school meals and whose mothers had abdominal obesity and worked were more likely to have abdominal obesity. The presence of at least one bakery (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.12?0.85) or one specialized fruit and vegetable grocery store (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.22?0.96) near the household were protective factors to abdominal obesity, even when adjusting for socioeconomic status. The same was observed regarding children living near the establishments offering vegetables of highest quality (OR: 0.45; CI95%: 0.21?0.95). Conclusion: A nutritional environment with the presence of establishments that are primarily engaged in selling fruits and vegetables and breads can positively affect children?s nutritional status. Urban planning policies of the city must allow a nutritional environment with the presence of establishments with selling affordable and high quality food for the entire population. Nutritional education interventions with children should be designed for the family environment in order to result in a greater chance of impact on nutritional status.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Estado nutricional, condições socioeconômicas, ambientais e de saúde de crianças moradoras em cortiços e favela(Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, 2008-12-01) Santos, Rosangela Bezerra [UNIFESP]; Martins, Paula Andrea [UNIFESP]; Sawaya, Ana Lydia [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: The objective was to compare malnutrition rates among children aged from 6 months to 6 years living in tenements and shanty towns in downtown São Paulo city and characterize the differences in the socioeconomic, environmental and health conditions of the two groups. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was done with 86 children living in tenements and 84 children living in shanty towns and their respective families. Malnutrition was classified according to their height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height indices when compared with those of the National Center for Health Statistics. Z-scores < -1 and < -2 were used as the cut-off points of malnutrition. Socioeconomic, environmental and health data were collected by administering a questionnaire during home visits. Data were analyzed by applying the chi-square, Student's t or Mann-Whitney tests. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Mild malnutrition rate was two times higher in children living in shanty towns than in those living in tenements and moderate malnutrition rate was four times higher. Regarding the analyzed variables, dwellers of shanty towns had lower incomes, spent less on food and had worse jobs and living and sanitary conditions (p<0.001). Diarrhea was more frequent (p=0.003) and vaccination rates were lower (p<0.001) among children living in shanty towns. CONCLUSION: The rate of malnutrition found for children living in the studied shanty town was higher than that found for children living in tenements. Families living in shanty towns were considered extremely poor, with worse socioeconomic and environmental conditions than those living in tenements, evidencing aspects of urban poverty associated with childhood malnutrition.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Fatores associados ao consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes em Nipo-Brasileiros(Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva, 2009-09-01) Palma, Raphaela Fernanda Muniz; Barbieri, Patrícia; Damião, Renata [UNIFESP]; Poletto, Juliana [UNIFESP]; Chaim, Rita; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Sartorelli, Daniela Saes; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Sagrado Coração; Faculdade de Saúde Pública Departamento de NutriçãoThe determination of factors associated with fruit and vegetable intake is an important tool for the development of effective intervention programs aimed at increasing the consumption of these foods. The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to identify the factors associated with the adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables (> 400g/day) among 581 adult Japanese-Brazilians, 1st and 2nd generations of immigrants, living in Bauru, SP, Brazil. Food consumption was estimated using three 24-hour recalls. On adjusted logistic regression models, higher meal frequencies were associated with a better chance of adequate daily intake of fruit and vegetables [OR (95% CI)]: [1.31 (1.05, 1.63)]. Nevertheless, individuals at the highest tertile of saturated fat intake were less likely to have adequate daily intake of these foods [0.35 (0.21, 0.60)]. A trend toward adequate intake of fruit and vegetables was found among older participants. These results suggest that more intensive intervention programs are needed among young individuals with higher saturated fat intake. Moreover, higher meal frequency might promote better adherence to the goals of daily fruit and vegetable intake.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Impacto de um programa de intervenção sobre o estilo de vida nos perfis metabólico, antropométrico e dietético em nipo-brasileiros com e sem síndrome metabólica(Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, 2011-03-01) Damião, Renata; Sartorelli, Daniela Saes; Hirai, Amélia [UNIFESP]; Bevilacqua, Marselle Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Salvo, Vera Lúcia Morais Antonio de [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro Departamento de Nutrição; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the changes in biochemical and nutritional profiles of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome after two years of participation in the intervention program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a non-controlled experimental study. The biochemical and clinical assessments were conducted at baseline (2005), after a year (2006) and after two years (2007) of intervention. On the present study, data of 360 individuals, who participated on the three assessments were considered. RESULTS: Both groups presented improvements on the anthropometric and metabolic profile, after two years of intervention. It was observed reduction in the intake of total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol, and increased intake of fiber among men without metabolic syndrome. It was observed reduction in the intake of total fat (p = 0,003) and monounsaturated fatty acid (p = 0,002). CONCLUSION: The results showed a positive impact of the lifestyle intervention program in metabolic and nutritional profile of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Insegurança alimentar e fatores associados em famílias com crianças menores de cinco anos da zona urbana do município de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil: estudo de base populacional(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-04-16) Mata, Mayline Menezes da [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Maria Angélica Tavares de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4891875284385301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4365986069389039; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)A fome assola milhões de pessoas no mundo. O Brasil, um país de dimensões continentais, apesar de ter experimentado formidáveis avanços nas décadas de 1990 e 2000, que culminaram com a redução dos indicadores da fome e desnutrição, ainda não superou em plenitude os latentes quadros de insegurança alimentar e nutricional, que se somam ao desafio do enfrentamento do excesso de peso e das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Este estudo objetivou identificar e analisar a insegurança alimentar e seus fatores associados, em domicílios com crianças menores de cinco anos, pertencentes à Zona Urbana do município de Coari, Amazonas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional, que incluiu 557 famílias, mediante amostragem probabilística da Zona Urbana do município de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil. Para avaliação da (in)segurança alimentar aplicou-se a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. Utilizou-se a razão de prevalência (RP), calculada por regressão de Poisson, para avaliar a associação da insegurança alimentar moderada e grave com as variáveis independentes, tanto na análise bruta como na ajustada. Nesta, foram incluídas as variáveis que na análise bruta atingiram p <0,20; na análise ajustada foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes as que mantiveram o p <0,05. Encontrou-se elevada (76,47%) prevalência de insegurança alimentar, sendo que 42,90% corresponderam às formas moderada e grave que se associaram a: baixa renda familiar, participação em programas de transferência de renda do governo e < 7 anos de estudo do chefe do domicílio, respectivamente RP=1,90; IC (Intervalo de Confiança) 95%: 1,36-2,67; p<0,00; RP=1,93; IC95%: 1,31-2,83; p<0,01; RP=1,41; IC95%: 1,10-1,83; p<0,02. Tais achados sugerem a necessidade de formulação de políticas públicas para a melhoria das condições de vida dessa população, com a superação dos latentes quadros de desigualdades sociais no município de Coari, Amazonas, Brasil.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosNutritional intervention programme among a Japanese-Brazilian community: procedures and results according to gender(Cambridge Univ Press, 2010-09-01) Damiao, Renata; Sartorelli, Daniela Saes; Hirai, Amelia [UNIFESP]; Massimino, Flavia [UNIFESP]; Poletto, Juliana [UNIFESP]; Bevilacqua, Marselle Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Chaim, Rita; Morais Antonio de Salvo, Vera Lucia [UNIFESP]; Asakura, Leiko [UNIFESP]; Gouveia Ferreira, Sandra Roberta; Andreoni, Solange [UNIFESP]; Agostinho Gimeno, Suely Godoy [UNIFESP]; Japanese Brazilians Diabet Study G; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Triangulo Mineiro Fed Univ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Sagrado Coracao UnivObjective: To describe the results of a nutritional intervention programme among Japanese-Brazilians according to gender.Design: A non-controlled experimental study.Setting: the research included three points of clinical, nutritional and physical activity evaluation: at baseline (in 2005), after the first year and at the end of the second year (in 2007). the paired Student t test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate changes in the subjects' profile (clinical, nutritional and physical activity variables).Subjects: Japanese-Brazilians (n 575) of both genders, aged over 30 years.Results: We verified statistically significant reductions in body weight (0.9 kg), waist circumference (2.9 cm), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (>3 mg/dl) and total cholesterol (>20 mg/dl) and its fractions, in both genders. We also found reductions in intake of energy (among men), protein (among women) and fat (both genders) and increases in intake of total fibre (among women) and carbohydrate (among men).Conclusions: the intervention programme indicated meaningful benefits for the intervention subjects, with changes in their habits that led to a 'healthier' lifestyle positively impacting their nutritional and metabolic profile.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Reprodutibilidade e validade do questionário de freqüência de consumo de alimentos(Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 2002-08-01) Salvo, Vera Lúcia Morais Antonio de; Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Universidade Metodista de São Paulo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: Methods to evaluate food consumption still need improvement. A study was conducted to verify the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among overweight adults. METHODS: The study was carried out in a private university in São Paulo, Brazil. The study sample consisted of 146 individuals of both sex with body mass index =25 kg/m² and age between 18 and 60 years old. For reproducibility the FFQ was applied by trained interviewers at two different instances with a mean interval time of 47 days. For validity, data collected from the FFQ were compared with those obtained from the average of 3 different daily records of a 24-hour dietary recall (mean interval time: 15 days). Validity and reproducibility of data on calories and macronutrients consumption was assessed using pondered kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A higher variability in the reporting of regular food consumption was seen among obese than overweight individuals. Concerning reproducibility, kappa statistical values varied from 0.23 (carbohydrates and fats) to 0.40 (calories), and intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.28 (protein) to 0.54 (total calories). For FFQ validity, the highest kappa value was 0.25 (calories), and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.21 (protein). CONCLUSIONS: Food consumption reports of overweight individuals tend to be underestimated. Despite its limitations, FFQ could be used in epidemiological studies to assess the regular food consumption of overweight individuals.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Secular trends and factors associated with overweight among Brazilian preschool children: PNSN-1989, PNDS-1996, and 2006/07(Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria, 2014-06-01) Silveira, Jonas Augusto Cardoso da [UNIFESP]; Colugnati, Fernando Antonio Basile [UNIFESP]; Cocetti, Monize [UNIFESP]; Taddei, Jose Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Division of NephrologyOBJECTIVE:to describe the secular trends in overweight among preschool children in the years 1989, 1996, and 2006, and to identify risk factors associated with this condition in 2006.METHODS:anthropometric data from three surveys (1989, 1996, and 2006) with a representative sample of the population were analyzed. Overweight was defined as the weight-for-height Z-score. The multivariable models of overweight association with risk factors were generated by Poisson regression, and the estimates were shown as prevalence ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals (PR [95% CI]).RESULTS:throughout the 17-year period studied, the relative prevalence of overweight in preschoolers increased by 160% in Brazil, representing an increase of 9.4% per year. Based on data from the National Survey on Demography and Health of Women and Children - 2006/07, four multivariable models were created (macro-environmental, maternal, individual, and final model) assuming hierarchy among the risk factors. In the final model, only the following remained associated with overweight: regions South/Southeast (1.55 [1.17 to 2.06]), middle-class (1.35 [1.02 to 1.77]), maternal obesity (1.66 [1.22 to 2.27]), birth weight > 3.9 kg (1.87 [1.31 to 2.67]), and being an only child or having only one sibling (1.81 [1.31 to 2.49]).CONCLUSION:the prevalence of overweight among preschool children in Brazil has increased dramatically over the past 17 years, and it was higher in the 1996-2006 period. Future strategies for prevention and control of overweight in public health should focus or intensify actions in communities that are characterized by the presence of the risks identified in the present study.