Navegando por Palavras-chave "Neotropics"
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- ItemSomente MetadadadosCalls distinguish species of Antbirds (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae) in the genus Pyriglena(Magnolia Press, 2017) Isler, Morton L.; Maldonado-Coelho, Marcos [UNIFESP]Populations in the genus Pyriglena Cabanis, 1847, commonly known as fire-eyes, are patchily distributed in central South America from the Pacific slope of the Andes to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Pyriglena populations are currently placed into 12 taxa, only five of which are not isolated from their neighbors by distance, a high mountain range, or a major river. In the Thamnophilidae, taxonomic decisions regarding such allopatric populations have primarily rested on differences in vocalizations, thought not to be learned and to play a key role in the speciation process. When we examined Pyriglena vocalizations in this context, the outcomes revealed substantial diversity in their calls, rather than their songs. They commonly delivered four different types of calls, unusual although not unprecedented in thamnophilids. Diversity in calls rather than songs underscores the need to consider all vocalizations in taxonomic studies. The outcomes support the continued recognition of the White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot) and Fringe-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena atra (Swainson) as distinct species, and indicate that, in addition, the currently constituted Pyriglena leuconota should be considered three species: the Western Fire-eye Pyriglena maura (Menetries)
- ItemSomente MetadadadosCladistic analysis of Thoreyella and related genera (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Procleticini)(Magnolia Press, 2009-12-14) Bernardes, Jorge Luiz Cabeleira; Schwertner, Cristiano Feldens [UNIFESP]; Grazia, Jocelia; Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)In this paper, the monophyly of the genus Thoreyella Spinola was tested, and a hypothesis of relationships among its species is proposed. Four known species of Thoreyella and two new species, as well as species of three other genera of Procleticini (Neoderoploa Pennington, Lobepomis Berg, and Procleticus Berg), were treated as the ingroup. The new species of Thoreyella will be published elsewhere. Two species of Dendrocoris were used for outgroup comparison. A cladistic analysis of 38 morphological characters supported a hypothesis of common ancestry for Thoreyella and the three genera of Procleticini included in the ingroup. The results also showed Thoreyella as a monophyletic taxon, and its sister group relationship with the monophyletic group including Neoderoploa, Lobepomis, and Procleticus. The geographical distribution of these taxa is discussed.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosDiversity of arborescent lineages of Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest(Springer Wien, 2017) dos Santos, Rafaela F. [UNIFESP]; Riina, Ricarda; Rossi Caruzo, Maria B. [UNIFESP]We conducted fieldwork and herbarium research to investigate the morphological diversity, taxonomy, and geographic distribution of arborescent lineages of tribe Crotoneae (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest domain, a neotropical region considered one of the world's hot spots of biodiversity. We found that arborescent lineages of Crotoneae are represented in the Atlantic Rain Forest by two genera (Croton and Brasiliocroton) and 23 species. Of this total, 70% of the species are endemic to the Atlantic Rain Forest. The genus Brasiliocroton, which is endemic to Brazil, includes two species, and Croton is represented by 21 species. We provide identification keys, update morphological description of key characters, include pertinent taxonomic comments, and illustrate most of the studied species with live photographs to facilitate taxonomic identification. The conservation status of each species is also evaluated. We establish five new synonyms, one superfluous name, and nine lectotypifications.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTHE EXTENT OF SEED PREDATION BY BRUCHINE BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: BRUCHINAE) IN A HETEROGENEOUS LANDSCAPE IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL(Coleopterists Soc, 2012-09-01) Rodrigues, Ligia M. S.; Viana, Jessica H.; Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S.; Rossi, Marcelo Nogueira [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)In this study, seed predation rates imposed by bruchines and the composition of bruchine species and their host plants were assessed in a heterogeneous landscape in southeastern Brazil. Fruits were collected from 49 plants from 16 species belonging to four families, primarily Fabaceae. The five bruchine species collected emerged from four plant species as follows: Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer) from Leucaena leucocephala (Lamarck) de Wit, Acanthoscelides sp. from Senna hirsuta (L.) Irwin and Barneby, Ctenocolum podagricus (F.) from Lonchocarpus muehlbergianus Hassler, and Gibbobruchus polycoccus (Fahraeus) and Gibbobruchus speculifer (Gyllenhal) from Bauhinia forficata Link. Bauhinia forficata is here recorded for the first time as a host for G. polycoccus. Only 1/4 of the local flora that was surveyed hosted bruchines. Bruchine and plant species composition varied among habitats, with most beetles found in plants located in the most disturbed habitat. Because of the economic importance of L. leucocephala in the tropics, we compared germination percentages between attacked and unattacked seeds of this species. The unattacked seeds had an average germination rate of 59%, and none of the attacked seeds germinated, showing that the germination of L. leucocephala seeds was drastically affected by predation.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Filogenia molecular de chamaeza vigors, 1825 (aves, formicariidae) e implicações para a história evolutiva das florestas da América do Sul(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2016-06-24) Oliveira, Deborah Figueiredo Nacer de [UNIFESP]; Amaral, Fábio Sarubbi Raposo do [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)There are some extremely biodiverse regions in South America such as the Andes, the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest. The historical processes that originated and maintain such diversity are still not fully understood. Our goal was to explore the phylogenetic relationships between species of a bird genus (Chamaeza) that occurs in those three forest formations to better comprehend biodiversity formation processes from forests in space and time with special attention to the Atlantic Forest. We sequenced whole mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) and approximately 2,400 regions of nuclear ultraconserved elements from five different species of Chamaeza representing a total of 14 out of 21 current taxa. We used both Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood to construct phylogenies from those data. We dated the phylogeny inferred from mtDNA and then performed an ancestral range estimation based on five South American biogeographical dominions. All phylogenies recovered the same relationships between species and subspecies: one clade comprising Chamaeza ruficauda, C. mollissima and C. meruloides and another comprising C. nobilis and C. campanisona. Only this last species is paraphyletic, all others are monophyletic. The divergence time from these two major clades was estimated to be somewhere between 8.4 and 10.8 million years ago. All extant Chamaeza species would have splitted at the beginning of the Pliocene (approximately 5 million years ago) at the latest. Ancestral range estimations revealed that the genus probably originated in the Atlantic Forest and that posterior dispersal events were paramount to its history. Such faunal transitions between South American forests support the idea that the evolutionary histories of these biomes are essentially bound together and cannot be separated from one another, which reflects its dynamism and complexity. Moreover, our results show that the Atlantic Forest has an important role in both species differentiation and their provision to other biomes in the continent. Lastly, we believe that current Chamaeza nomenclature does not reflect the heterogeneity found in its members and a thorough revision of the genus should increase its diversity, which means that the number of Neotropical species as we know today is underestimated.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosO gênero Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) na Floresta Atlântica(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2018-06-27) Sousa, Ana Angelica Cordeiro de [UNIFESP]; Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Acalypha L. is the third largest genus of Euphorbiaceae, with approximately 450 species. The genus is represented on almost all continents and its greatest diversity is reported to the Neotropics. In Brazil, Acalypha has about 50 species, of which 30 are endemic, distribuited in all phytogeographic domains, but with greater diversity in Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. The Atlantic Forest domain is one of the most biodiverse regions in the planet. We found 20 species of Acalypha in this domain, occurring in almost all types of vegetation within the region. In this work, we present the diversity, a taxonomic treatment, geographic distribution and conservation status for all species of Acalypha from the Atlantic Forest domain. During this study, we describe a new species, Acalypha almadinensis, endemic to Bahia, and identify six new occurrences for the domain: domínio (A. almadinensis A.A.C.Sousa, A. aristata Kunth., A. diversifolia Jacq., A. herzogiana Pax & Hoffmm., A. klotzschii Baill., e A. macrostachya Jacq.). We also have found new records of Acalypha aspericocca and A. klotzschii for the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, and A. peckoltii for the state of São Paulo. Besides this, we also found new morphological characters for the delimitation of the species and created an identification key for them. Finally, this work updated the knowlodge about Acalypha for the Atlantic Forest domain, as well as for the neotropical region.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosO gênero Croton L. no Estado do Paraná, Brasil(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2017-06-28) Pereira, Amanda da Paixao Noronha [UNIFESP]; Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Croton L. is the second largest genus of Euphorbiaceae, with about 1200 species distributed mainly in the tropical regions around the world. The genus can be easily recognized by a set of characters that include indumentum of stellate or lepidote trichomes, colored or clear latex, leaves often with glands on the petiole apex along the leaf blade and terminal inflorescences, usually with pistillate flowers at lower cymules and staminate flowers at distal cymules. In Brazil, Croton is ranked as the 4th most diverse Angiosperm genus and is represented by about 300 species, including herbs, shrubs and trees, mostly distributed in the eastern part of the country. In order to increase the knowledge about species of Croton in Brazil, this work had as main objectives: to conduct the taxonomic treatment and create an identification key for the species of Croton occurring in the State of Paraná. The taxonomic study is being conducted based on the analysis of deposited material in the main Brazilian herbaria (with emphasis on herbaria from Paraná), and the observation of species in the field. In the state of Paraná was found 38 species of the genus, occurring in almost all types of vegetation. This study contributed to the knowledge of Croton in southern Brazil, also providing data about the genus for the Project Flora do Brasil 2020.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosThe mitochondrial genome of the sooty swift (Cypseloides fumigatus)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Biancalana, Renata Neves; Biondo, Cibele; Amaral, Fabio Raposo do [UNIFESP]We assembled the mitogenome of Cypseloides fumigatus based on off-target sequences from ultracon-served elements sequencing. We found a total length of 16,850 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and one control region, organized in the standard avian gene order. We have built a phylogenetic tree including 26 species of swifts that suggested C. fumigatus as sister species of C. cryptus, and indicated exciting opportunities for biogeographic inferences involving most continents, including Neartic vs Neotropical disjunctions and local radiations across the globe. Finally, we found cases of lack of reciprocal monophyly between named species and high intra-specific divergence, suggesting that population-level studies are warranted.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Mitogenômica de aves suboscines: explorando a ordem gênica mitocondrial(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2020-07-30) Araujo, Matheus Silva [UNIFESP]; Amaral, Fábio Sarubbi Raposo do [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6554940862323689; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1638244683572087A mitocôndria é uma organela que possui DNA próprio e está presente nos eucariotos. As sequências de mtDNA foram essenciais para muitos estudos da biologia evolutiva, como sobre a estrutura populacional, fluxo gênico, hibridização, biogeografia e relações filogenéticas. As mudanças no genoma mitocondrial podem ocorrer com inserções de parte do mitogenoma no genoma nuclear e devido a rearranjos internos. O rearranjo no mtDNA é muito comum em vários organismos e podem envolver, por exemplo, duplicações na região de controle. Grandes grupos taxonômicos como ordens de animais mostram-se excelentes para estudos da evolução do genoma mitocondrial, como por exemplo as aves canoras, que representam mais da metade de todas as aves do mundo. Duas subordens existem nessa ordem: Passeri (oscines) e Tyranni (suboscines). As aves suboscines são as menos estudadas, e apenas 23 genomas de mitocôndrias dessa subordem estão disponíveis atualmente. Comparações envolvendo ordem gênica de suboscines foram realizadas anteriormente incluindo seis mitogenomas, sendo quatro deles de espécies neotropicais. Estes resultados anteriores sugerem conservação da ordem gênica entre suboscines neotropicais. Com base em 21 genomas, disponiveis no GenBank, testamos a hipótese de conservação da ordem gênica entre aves suboscines neotropicais, descrevendo e anotando o mitogenoma de Merulaxis ater com base em protocolos disponíveis na literatura para compará-lo aos mitogenomas conhecidos de outras aves suboscines. A montagem do mitogenoma de Merulaxis ater foi baseada em dados off-target de um experimento de captura de sequência, enquanto a anotação foi realizada no servidor online MITOS. Os resultados indicam que a mesma ordem gênica é compartilhada entre todos os suboscines neotropicais, incluindo uma potencial duplicação não funcional da região controladora. Estes resultados indicam que ao contrários de outros grupos de aves, grupos evolutivamente antigos não necessariamente apresentam reorganização na ordem gênica mitocondrial.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosThe morphological and molecular characterization of Henneguya rotunda n. sp., a parasite of the gill arch and fins of Salminus brasiliensis from the Mogi Guacu River, Brazil(Springer, 2014-05-01) Moreira, Gabriel Sassarão Alves; Adriano, Edson Aparecido [UNIFESP]; Silva, Marcia Ramos Monteiro da; Ceccarelli, Paulo Sergio; Maia, Antonio Augusto Mendes; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade ICMbA new species of myxosporea (Henneguya rotunda n. sp.) was found in the membrane of the gill arch and the fins of Salminus brasiliensis in the Mogi Gua double dagger u River, municipality of Pirassununga, So Paulo state, Brazil. Morphological and morphometric analyses using light microscopy revealed parasites with similar characteristics at both infection sites. the mature spores found infecting the fins had oval spore body with 7.1 +/- 0.2 mu m in length, 5.6 +/- 0.2 mu m in width, 3.7 +/- 0.1 mu m in thickness, 16.4 +/- 1.2 mu m in length of the caudal process, and 23.6 +/- 1.1 mu m in total length of the spore. in a frontal view, the polar capsule was observed to be symmetrical with 3.4 +/- 0.2 mu m in length and 1.8 +/- 0.1 mu m in width. Mature spores contain six to seven turns of the polar filaments. the morphometric data concerning the spores obtained from plasmodia from the membrane of the gill arch were similar to those from the fins. Ultrastructure analysis revealed that the plasmodial wall was formed by a single membrane and had numerous pinocytotic canals connecting the outside of the plasmodia to the ectoplasm zone. Beyond that, various electron-translucent vesicles also were observed at the periphery of the plasmodium. the molecular analyses of the 18S rDNA gene from the spores obtained from the gill arch membrane and fin membrane showed that these sequences shared 100 % similarity. Phylogenetic studies using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods demonstrated the polyphyletic clustering of the myxosporean parasites of characiform fishes. H. rotunda n. sp. clustered as a sister species of Myxobolus pantanalis, also a parasite of S. brasiliensis.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA new species of Argulus (Crustacea, Branchiura, Argulidae) from the skin of catfish, with new records of branchiurans from wild fish in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland(Magnolia Press, 2017) Aguiar, Julio C.; Rosim, Daniele F.; Santos, Sonia M. C.; Luque, Jose L.; Ceccarelli, Paulo S.; Adriano, Edson A.; Tavares, Luiz E. R.During a survey conducted in the Cuiaba and Paraguay Rivers in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland, in the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, we found branchiurans associated with Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Salminus brasiliensis and Zungaro zungaro. These branchiurans correspond to Argulus chiropteroideus sp. n., Argulus multicolor, Argulus nattereri, Argulus pestifer, Dolops carvalhoi and Dolops longicauda. Besides the description of the new species, in this study we also provide important morphological notes for diagnosis of the other species. Specimens of Argulus chiropteroideus sp. n. were collected from skin of P. reticulatum and P. corruscans. They differ from A. multicolor and Argulus chicomendesi, in the shape of the postantennal spines, which is medially convex and has two lateral and one anterior stout tips in the new species, and for having three claviform, digitate spines on the base of the second maxillae (absent in A. multicolor
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA New Species of Croton section Lamprocroton (Euphorbiaceae) from Southern Brazil(Amer Soc Plant Taxonomists, 2017) Noronha Pereira, Amanda da Paixao [UNIFESP]; Riina, Ricarda; Rossi Caruzo, Maria Beatriz [UNIFESP]Croton longicarpus (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from southern Brazil, is here described and illustrated. The new species occurs in open vegetation and at the edges of Araucaria forest. The analysis of herbarium collections and observations from populations in the field indicate that the species has characters in common with members of Croton section Lamprocroton. The new species differs from other species in this section by its unusually elongated ovary and fruit, the narrowly spatulate sepals of the pistillate flowers, and long inflorescences.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosTaxonomic revision of Croton section Cleodora (Euphorbiaceae)(Magnolia Press, 2013-08-07) Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi [UNIFESP]; Cordeiro, Inês; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Secretaria Meio Ambiente; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Croton section Cleodora is a Neotropical section disjunctly distributed in Mexico and Central America, northern and northwestern South America, and eastern Brazil. Eighteen species are recognized as belonging to the section, which is characterized mainly by an arborescent or shrubby habit, presence of clear or reddish latex, leaves with a pair of basilaminar or acropetiolar glands, pistillate flowers sepals with some degree of overlap, and 4-fid or multifid styles united at the base or above, usually forming a crown. We conduct a critical revision of Croton section Cleodora, congruent with the current understanding of its evolutionary history. We provide here an identification key for the two recognized subsections (Croton subsection Sphaerogyni and C. subsection Spruceani) and their species. Descriptions, illustrations, comments about taxonomy, habitat, geographic distribution and phenological information are provided for each species. Six lectotypes are here designated.