Navegando por Palavras-chave "Mortality rate"

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    Causes of death among crack cocaine users
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2006-09-01) Ribeiro, Marcelo [UNIFESP]; Dunn, John [UNIFESP]; Sesso, Ricardo de Castro Cintra [UNIFESP]; Dias, Andréa Costa [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Camden & Islington Mental Health & Social Care Trust North Camden Drug Service; Grupo Interdepartamental de Epidemiologia Clínica
    OBJECTIVE: The study accompanied 131 crack-cocaine users over a 5-year period, and examined mortality patterns, as well as the causes of death among them. METHOD: All patients admitted to a detoxification unit in São Paulo between 1992 and 1994 were interviewed during two follow-up periods: 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. RESULTS: After 5 years, 124 patients were localized (95%). By the study endpoint (1999), 23 patients (17.6%) had died. Homicide was the most prevalent cause of death (n = 13). Almost one third of the deaths were due to the HIV infection, especially among those with a history of intravenous drug use. Less than 10% died from overdose. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that the mortality risk among crack cocaine users is greater than that seen in the general population, being homicide and AIDS the most common causes of death among such individuals.
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    Colangite biliar primária no Brasil: análise de tendências e padrões regionais de mortalidade entre 2000 e 2022
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-08-23) Ferreira, Letícia Gavioli Correia [UNIFESP]; Melo, Daniela Oliveira de [UNIFESP]; Zara, Ana Laura de Sene Amâncio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5052823551616937
    Introdução: A colangite biliar primária (CBP) é uma doença hepatobiliar que pode evoluir para cirrose e óbito. Dados sobre a doença no Brasil são escassos, dificultando a tomada de decisões baseada em evidências. Analisar a taxa de mortalidade (TM), bem como suas tendências permite extrair dados que auxiliem no aprimoramento de políticas públicas sobre a doença. Método: Foi realizada análise temporal dos casos de óbito por CBP notificados no Brasil, de 2000 a 2022. As variáveis analisadas foram obtidas a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) por meio do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). A taxa de mortalidade por CBP (TMCBP) foi estimada para cada 100 mil habitantes e padronizada de acordo com o Censo Brasileiro de 2010. A TMCBP foi estratificada por sexo, faixa etária, causa básica do óbito (CID), Unidade da Federação (UF) e Grandes Regiões. Os dados foram extraídos com o TabWin e analisados utilizando o sistema IBM Statistics SPSS. Para análise de tendências (p<0,05), visando determinar a Taxa Incremental Média Anual (TIMA), foi utilizado o modelo de regressão de Prais-Winsten, utilizando o programa Software for Statistics and Data Sciences (STATA). Resultados: A TMCBP apresentou tendência crescente, variando de 0,3 a 0,51/100 mil habitantes na série histórica analisada neste estudo, sendo superior em homens, na faixa etária acima dos 60 anos e para o CID K83.0. A região com maior TMCBP foi a Norte (0,74/100 mil habitantes). As maiores TIMA foram encontradas no sexo masculino (3,04%), na faixa etária dos 20 a 39 anos (2,96%) e nas regiões Norte (4,03%) e Nordeste (4,55%). Conclusão: O número de óbitos por CBP aumentou substancialmente entre os anos de 2000 a 2022. A TMCBP variou dentre as variáveis analisadas, sendo especialmente elevada na população com 60 anos ou mais. A TMCBP foi maior entre o sexo masculino a partir de 2005, apesar de sua ocorrência historicamente feminina. A CBP apresenta tendência de mortalidade crescente para a maioria das variáveis analisadas, com exceção da faixa etária dos 0 aos 19 anos.
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    Efeitos da restrição de sono em modelo animal de lesão cerebral isquêmica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-08-27) Kim, Lenise Jihe [UNIFESP]; Andersen, Monica Levy [UNIFESP]; Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho Santos [UNIFESP]; Araujo, Paula Cristina Alves [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4520146294812879; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5628971334126634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4951931552005515; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9426936592794461; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introdução: O fluxo sanguíneo cerebral é um importante fator associado com o prognóstico de pacientes após um desfecho cerebrovascular. Uma condição de hipoperfusão cerebral compromete diversas estruturas do sistema nervoso central, especialmente o hipocampo. Restrição de sono reduz o fluxo sanguíneo cerebral em regiões relacionadas à regulação de processos cognitivos, sugerindo um possível efeito limitante da falta de sono no prognóstico de doenças cerebrovasculares. Objetivos: Investigar o efeito da restrição de sono na taxa de mortalidade, função neurológica, memória de curto e longo-prazo e citoarquitetura da região CA1 do hipocampo de animais submetidos à hipoperfusão cerebral global e permanente, um modelo de redução do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral. Métodos: Sessenta ratos Wistar machos e adultos foram distribuídos em 4 grupos experimentais, conforme os protocolos de oclusão das artérias carótida comum (CCAO) e de restrição de sono (SR): nSR+nCCAO, SR+nCCAO, nSR+CCAO, e SR+CCAO. Os grupos SR+nCCAO e SR+CCAO foram submetidos ao protocolo de restrição de sono por 20 horas/dia durante 10 dias. A hipoperfusão cerebral foi induzida pela oclusão permanente das artérias carótida comum. A função neurológica e a memória de curto e longo-prazo foram avaliadas pela escala de Bederson e pelo teste de reconhecimento de objetos, respectivamente. A análise de alterações neuropatológicas da região CA1 do hipocampo foi realizada após 14 dias de hipoperfusão cerebral. Resultados: A taxa de mortalidade foi de 40% nos grupos nSR+CCAO e SR+CCAO. No entanto, a restrição de sono reduziu significativamente o tempo de sobrevida dos animais submetidos à hipoperfusão cerebral. Após 7 e 14 dias de hipoperfusão cerebral, 11% e 33% dos animais nSR+CCAO e SR+CCAO apresentaram disfunção neurológica grave, respectivamente. Uma associação significativa entre uma maior frequência de comprometimentos de memória com o xvi grupo SR+CCAO foi observada. As alterações neuropatológicas na região CA1 do hipocampo foram similares entre os grupos. Conclusões: Restrição de sono potencializa os efeitos negativos no tempo de sobrevida, função neurológica e na memória de curto e longo-prazo em condições de hipoperfusão cerebral.
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    O envelhecimento da população mundial: um desafio novo
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 1987-06-01) Kalache, Alexandre; Veras, Renato Peixoto; Ramos, Luiz Roberto [UNIFESP]; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Unit for the Epidemiology of Ageing; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Medicina Social; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Ageing has now become a universal phenomenon, of increasing importance to developed and developing countries alike. In this, the first of a series of articles on ageing in developing countries, the actual demographic revolution is discussed, with special reference to Brazil. Estimates are provided up to the year 2025. The article analyses the factors which are responsible for this ageing process - such as the rapid decline in fertility and mortality rates that many Third Word countries have been experiencing over the last few years - and the various gradual stages of this process, which is usually referred to as the 'epidemiological transition', are discussed. The consequences for any society with a population that is gradually becoming older are considerable, and are of particular importance for the Health Sector. The article discusses the changing morbidity and mortality patterns and the concept of autonomy as a possible way to quantify quality of life is introduced. On this particular point a suggestion is made to redefine the concept of 'Ageing', in order to take into consideration the context in which senior adults in the Third World live. Finally, the article addresses itself to points relating to the interaction of ageing and social change. That there is such an interaction is apparent in developing countries and this raises questions to which answers could be found through the use of the epidemiological method.
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    Envelhecimento populacional: uma realidade brasileira
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 1987-06-01) Ramos, Luiz Roberto [UNIFESP]; Veras, Renato Peixoto; Kalache, Alexandre; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Medicina Social; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Unit for Epidemiology of Ageing
    It was focuse on the ageing process in Brazil, giving evidence of the boom of elderly people in the country, bearing in mind that by the year 2025 they will represent the 6th largest elderly population in the world. Data are presented showing that both Infant Mortality Rates and Fertility Rates have been decreasing significantly for the whole population since 1940 and 1960 respectively. Age-sex pyramids are analysed in the light of the demographic changes. It is stressed that the elderly have been the fastest growing age-group in Brazil since 1940. In fact, from 1980 up to the year 2000, the over-60s will increase 107% whereas the under 15s will increase only 14%. Comparing the rates of growth for the elderly populations in England and Brazil, the tendency is to have a decreasing rate of growth in England (230% between 1900-1960 and 80% between 1960-2025) and an increasing rate of growth in Brazil (497% and 917% respectively). Life tables are presented from 1950 to 1982 for the population of S. Paulo (a highly industrialised urban area). Life Expectancy, Survival, and Mortality Rate curves are generated from these life tables. The data show that the expectation of life at birth in S. Paulo State (Brazil) has risen from 57 years in the 50's, to 70 years in 1982. Interestingly enough, in that year, a woman in the county of S. Paulo, after the age of 45, could already expect to live more than women of the same age in England. In terms of survival chances, 77% of the cohort of women born in the county of S. Paulo in 1982 are expected to be alive at the age of 65, compared to 85% in England. Figures for men are 62% and 75% respectively. It was concluded that although far from solving the problems related to the very young, the Brazilian authorities are already facing an ageing process comparable to that experienced by the developed countries, with all its implications for the health and social care systems.
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    Incremento na mortalidade associada à presença de diabetes mellitus em nipo-brasileiros
    (Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, 1998-04-01) Gimeno, Suely Godoy Agostinho [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Franco, Laercio Joel [UNIFESP]; Iunes, Magid [UNIFESP]; Osiro, Katsumi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: As part of a study involving Japanese migrants, living in a developed city in the state of S. Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, a four-year experience of mortality among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects is described and their respective death rates are compared. In 1993, a cohort of 530 Japanese-Brazilians (236 issei or 1st generation and 294 nisei or 2nd generation) of both sexes, aged 40 from to 79 years old, were identified. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD: At that time, 91 (17%) were classified as non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDDM), 90 (17%) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 349 (66%) as normal, according to WHO criteria. In 1996, families were questioned with a view detecting the deaths wich had occurred among the subjects previously studied. This information, in addition to that from death certificates was used to record the date and the causes of death. Mortality rates for all causes and for specific causes (circulatory and renal diseases) were obtained for the three groups of subjects, by glucose tolerance status. Proportional hazard regression models were used to compare the mortality rates, adjusted for several covariables (gender, age, generation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and serum creatinine). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Crude mortality rate ratios for all causes and specific causes, for NIDDM, and normal subjects were 2.95 (95% CI: 1.10 - 7.62) and 4.57 (95% CI: 1.31- 16.48), respectively. No difference was observed between the crude mortality rate ratio for IGT and normal subjects. After simultaneous adjustments for the covariates, higher mortality rates for specific causes were observed among NIDDM than in the normal subjects (mortality rates ratio: 3.86; 95% CI: 1.11 - 13.38). These results in Japanese-Brazilians are consistent with previous reports of increased mortality in other diabetic subjects, thus confirming the adverse effect of this metabolic disturbance on mortality among diabetic subjects.
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    Sleep restriction reduces the survival time and aggravates the neurological dysfunction and memory impairments in an animal model of cerebral hypoperfusion
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Kim, Lenise Jihe [UNIFESP]; Coelho, Fernando Morgadinho [UNIFESP]; Araujo, Paula [UNIFESP]; Tedesco, Roberto Carlos [UNIFESP]; Souza, Rodrigo Barbosa [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Andersen, Monica Levy [UNIFESP]
    Cerebral blood flow is associated with the cerebrovascular prognosis. Sleep restriction (SR) may be a limiting factor of the prognosis after a cerebrovascular event, impairing the neurological recovery. We aimed to investigate the effects of SR on mortality rate and on behavioral and histological parameters of animals submitted to permanent cerebral hypoperfusion. Sixty male Wistar rats were distributed in 4 groups, according to the protocol of common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) and SR: nSR+nCCAO, SR+nCCAO, nSR+CCAO, and SR+CCAO. The groups SR+nCCAO and SR+CCAO were submitted to SR during 10 days. The cerebral hypoperfusion was induced by the permanent CCAO. Neurological function and memory were assessed over 14 days of cerebral hypoperfusion. Analysis of neuropathological alterations were performed in the CA1 region of hippocampus. The mortality rate was 40% in the nSR+CCAO and SR+CCAO groups. SR significantly reduced the survival time of animals submitted to CCAO. After 7 and 14 days of cerebral hypoperfusion, 11% and 33% of the nSR+CCAO and SR+CCAO animals showed severe neurological dysfunction, respectively. A significant association between a high frequency of memory impairments with the group SR+CCAO was observed. The neuropathological alterations in CA1 region of hippocampus were similar among the groups. SR potentiates the negative effects of cerebral hypoperfusion conditions, suggesting that SR could be a factor associated with a worse prognosis after a cerebrovascular event. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.