Repositório Institucional - Unifesp :: Navegando por Palavras-chave "Model"

Navegando por Palavras-chave "Model"

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Alternative logics coexistence and collaboration: the consumer protection field
(Brazilian Soc Urol, 2016) Ryngelblum, Arnaldo; Vianna, Nadia; Onusic, Luciana [UNIFESP]
Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to examine the conditions that allow the co-existence of alternative logics in an institutional field for an extended period. Design/methodology/approach -This is a case study that examined the complaint-handling processes of phone companies based on documentary research, which provided the information that allowed the development of a script to interview organizational actors in this field. Findings -The explanation for this behavior that does not attempt to deinstitutionalize other institutions' practices relates to the actors' need for the other field participants' collaboration to improve their activities. Research limitations/implications -The specific characteristics of the Brazilian context can only suggest that alternative logics may coexist, which therefore opens opportunities for future studies to discuss the possible reproduction of these results in other societies. Similarly, because this research was restricted to the complaint field, other studies conducted in fields where actors are faced with alternative possibilities, such as with the judicial system, should examine and expand on these concepts. This study sought to cover the viewpoints of multiple important actors in the field to cover the whys and hows these logics coexist. However, a more comprehensive availability of respondents might have brought still better insights to the study. Practical implications -One implication of this study is the fact that firms in Brazil must be aware of the alternative redress channels that are available to consumers. The different procedural norms can cause a great deal of annoyance because firms have to be updated with all of them and eventually build specialized teams to address them. The awareness of the existence of multiple logics in this field should orient the Brazilian telephony industry's regulator in formulating policies that take this fact into consideration. To do this, the regulator should consider a regular consultation forum in which the main consumer protection organizations and government agencies gather to discuss improvements given that there is already informal collaboration. Public policy should also take into consideration the fact that consumers do not complain most of the time for lack of knowledge or disbelief in supporting organizations. Originality/value -The main contribution is the alternative logics notion in addressing complaints in this field. This is an issue that has not been practically explored in the literature. The difference between an alternative logic and a competing one lies in the fact that the practices, structures and symbols in the first case represent alternative possibilities for actors to achieve a specific objective, whereas in the second case, the weaker logics tend to disappear due to a stronger one.
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Epilepsy, seizures, physical exercise, and sports: a report from the ilae task force on sports and epilepsy
(Wiley-blackwell, 2016) Capovilla, Giuseppe; Kaufman, Kenneth R.; Perucca, Emilio; Moshe, Solomon L.; Arida, Ricardo Mario [UNIFESP]
People with epilepsy (PWEs) are often advised against participating in sports and exercise, mostly because of fear, overprotection, and ignorance about the specific benefits and risks associated with such activities. Available evidence suggests that physical exercise and active participation in sports may favorably affect seizure control, in addition to producing broader health and psychosocial benefits. This consensus paper prepared by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) Task Force on Sports and Epilepsy offers general guidance concerning participation of PWEs in sport activities, and provides suggestions on the issuance of medical fitness certificates related to involvement in different sports. Sports are divided into three categories based on potential risk of injury or death should a seizure occur: group 1, sports with no significant additional risk
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Experimental model of capsular contracture in silicone implants
(Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia, 2003-01-01) Bastos, Érika Malheiros [UNIFESP]; Sabino Neto, Miguel [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Lydia Masako [UNIFESP]; Garcia, Elvio Bueno [UNIFESP]; Liebano, Richard Eloin [UNIFESP]; Han, Yuri Anna [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The breast implant procedure is one of the most performed into Plastic Surgery and the contracture that occurs the capsule formed around the breast implants one of most frequent complication. We describe here one experimental model of capsule contracture in rats.
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Impact of neonatal anoxia on adult rat hippocampal volume, neurogenesis and behavior
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Takada, Silvia Honda; Motta-Teixeira, Livia Clemente; Machado-Nils, Aline Vilar; Lee, Vitor Yonamine; Sampaio, Carlos Alberto; Polli, Roberson Saraiva [UNIFESP]; Malheiros, Jackeline Moraes [UNIFESP]; Takase, Luiz Fernando; Kihara, Alexandre Hiroaki; Covolan, Luciene [UNIFESP]; Xavier, Gilberto Fernando; Nogueira, Maria Ines
Neonates that suffer oxygen deprivation during birth can have long lasting cognitive deficits, such as memory and learning impairments. Hippocampus, one of the main structures that participate in memory and learning processes, is a plastic and dynamic structure that conserves during life span the property of generating new cells which can become neurons, the so-called neurogenesis. The present study investigated whether a model of rat neonatal anoxia, that causes only respiratory distress, is able to alter the hippocampal volume, the neurogenesis rate and has functional implications in adult life. MRI analysis revealed significant hippocampal volume decrease in adult rats who had experienced neonatal anoxia compared to control animals for rostra!, caudal and total hippocampus. In addition, these animals also had 55.7% decrease of double-labelled cells to BrdU and NeuN, reflecting a decrease in neurogenesis rate. Finally, behavioral analysis indicated that neonatal anoxia resulted in disruption of spatial working memory, similar to human condition, accompanied by an anxiogenic effect. The observed behavioral alterations caused by oxygen deprivation at birth might represent an outcome of the decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and volume, evidenced by immunohistochemistry and MRI analysis. Therefore, based on current findings we propose this model as suitable to explore new therapeutic approaches. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Impact of neonatal anoxia on adult rat hippocampal volume, neurogenesis and behavior
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Takada, Silvia Honda; Motta-Teixeira, Livia Clemente; Machado-Nils, Aline Vilar; Lee, Vitor Yonamine; Sampaio, Carlos Alberto; Polli, Roberson Saraiva [UNIFESP]; Malheiros, Jackeline Moraes [UNIFESP]; Takase, Luiz Fernando; Kihara, Alexandre Hiroaki; Covolan, Luciene [UNIFESP]; Xavier, Gilberto Fernando; Nogueira, Maria Ines
Neonates that suffer oxygen deprivation during birth can have long lasting cognitive deficits, such as memory and learning impairments. Hippocampus, one of the main structures that participate in memory and learning processes, is a plastic and dynamic structure that conserves during life span the property of generating new cells which can become neurons, the so-called neurogenesis. The present study investigated whether a model of rat neonatal anoxia, that causes only respiratory distress, is able to alter the hippocampal volume, the neurogenesis rate and has functional implications in adult life. MRI analysis revealed significant hippocampal volume decrease in adult rats who had experienced neonatal anoxia compared to control animals for rostra!, caudal and total hippocampus. In addition, these animals also had 55.7% decrease of double-labelled cells to BrdU and NeuN, reflecting a decrease in neurogenesis rate. Finally, behavioral analysis indicated that neonatal anoxia resulted in disruption of spatial working memory, similar to human condition, accompanied by an anxiogenic effect. The observed behavioral alterations caused by oxygen deprivation at birth might represent an outcome of the decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and volume, evidenced by immunohistochemistry and MRI analysis. Therefore, based on current findings we propose this model as suitable to explore new therapeutic approaches. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Initiation of resuscitation in the delivery room for extremely preterm infants: a profile of neonatal resuscitation instructors
(Hospital clinicas, univ sao paulo, 2016) Ambrosio, Cristiane Ribeiro; Sanudo, Adriana [UNIFESP]; Branco de Almeida, Maria Fernanda [UNIFESP]; Guinsburg, Ruth [UNIFESP]
OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to examine the decisions of pediatricians who teach neonatal resuscitation in Brazil, particularly those who start resuscitation in the delivery room for newborns born at 23-26 gestational weeks. METHODS: The present study was a cross-sectional study that used electronic questionnaires (Dec/11-Sep/13) sent to instructors of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics. The primary outcome was the gestational age at which the respondent said that he/she would initiate positive pressure ventilation in the delivery room. Latent class analysis was used to identify the major profiles of these instructors, and logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with belonging to one of the derived classes. RESULTS: Of 685 instructors, 82% agreed to participate. Two latent classes were identified: 'pro-resuscitation' (instructors with a high probability of performing ventilation on infants born at 23-26 weeks) and 'prolimitation' (instructors with a high probability of starting ventilation only for infants born at 25-26 weeks). In the multivariate model, compared with the 'pro-limitation' class, 'pro-resuscitation' pediatricians were more likely to be board-certified neonatologists and less likely to base their decision on the probability of the infant's death or on moral/religious considerations. CONCLUSION: The pediatricians in the most aggressive group were more likely to be specialists in neonatology and to use less subjective criteria to make delivery room decisions.
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Modalidade Ativa E Não Ativa No Município De Santos, Sp Um Modelo De Investigação
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-10-30) Santana, Angelica Barbosa Neres [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Daniel Araki [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
The percentages of obesity and overweight found in different countries are increasing, and simultaneously they have a decrease in active mobility practices. Studies are increasingly studying the factors related to displacement with approach in complex system, however, there are limitations when investigating only a part of the mobility and not her with a whole. In addition, there are in Brazil a database that provides crucial information for understanding this in different states of the country, known as National Household Sample Survey that have not been properly exploited for this purpose. In this way, the present study aims to propose a research model of mobility behavior, based on the comparison of scenarios in the city of Santos. For that, the parameters of the next phase were determined with the recruitment and descriptive statistical analysis of the Origin and Destination Survey of the city of Santos. In the construction of the model from the empirical data, the Bayes' Theorem was applied. For this, theoretical models of statistical distribution were tested to generate the Bayesian term of likelihood. With the generated model and the numerical data obtained by it, the internal validation was performed, considering the test of best fit of the resulting data with the original empirical data. Once validated, simulations were performed to explore its valid initial parameter space in order to explore the possible applications of the model in the study of scenarios of active mobility practice. The results obtained by the simulations indicate that the maximum practicable percentages of active mobility in the city are: 20% of walking and 20% of use of bicycle for daily trips Interregional and 80% of walking and 12.5% of bicycle use for the intra-regional daily trips, and the behavior of the modal has a selfregulation, since the arrows tend to point to the region where the modal are validated. Theviii present study brings a tool that can be constructed with few parameters and replicable for all cities where National Household Sample Survey are performed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo e metodologia para o ensino de oftalmoscopia direta e sua aplicação no desenvolvimento de algoritmos para interpretação de imagens oftalmológicas
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Martins, Thiago Goncalves Dos Santos [UNIFESP]; Schor, Paulo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
Objective: Develop methods to improve eye care, with a new model and teaching methodology for the study of direct ophthalmoscopy and development of new technologies for data and image analysis. Method: After studying the irregular distribution of ophthalmologists in countries like Brazil and Portugal, a questionnaire was carried out with non-ophthalmologists to assess the level of confidence in the direct ophthalmoscopy exam. Next, the human eye model was made from physical calculations using cardboard paper with a black background, acrylic sphere, and plaster. The model was applied in the teaching of direct ophthalmoscopy and red reflex test. New image and data analysis technologies have been developed. An algorithm was developed for the evaluation of macula edema in fundus color photography and an image analysis and control program for toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis. Results: The results of the questionnaire showed that doctors feel less confident in the diagnosis through direct ophthalmoscopy. The model proved to be effective in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy and red reflex test. Its versatility allowed it to be used for teaching veterinary medicine students. The developed algorithm proved to be useful in the detection of edema in fundus color photography of diabetic patients and the image analysis program proved to be useful for the monitoring of patients with toxoplasmosis uveitis. Conclusion: Searching for alternatives to improve the population's ophthalmic service, a simple and low-cost model of the human eye was developed to be used in the teaching of direct ophthalmoscopy and red reflex test, which enabled the teaching and training of this technique, including adapted for the teaching of direct ophthalmoscopy in veterinary medicine students. This can be a teaching method easily adopted by any educational institution due to its low cost and effectiveness. The development of new data and image analysis technologies has proven to be useful alternatives for the diagnosis and monitoring of ophthalmic diseases in situations where we do not have adequate access to eye careObjective: Develop methods to improve eye care, with a new model and teaching methodology for the study of direct ophthalmoscopy and development of new technologies for data and image analysis. Method: After studying the irregular distribution of ophthalmologists in countries like Brazil and Portugal, a questionnaire was carried out with non-ophthalmologists to assess the level of confidence in the direct ophthalmoscopy exam. Next, the human eye model was made from physical calculations using cardboard paper with a black background, acrylic sphere, and plaster. The model was applied in the teaching of direct ophthalmoscopy and red reflex test. New image and data analysis technologies have been developed. An algorithm was developed for the evaluation of macula edema in fundus color photography and an image analysis and control program for toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis. Results: The results of the questionnaire showed that doctors feel less confident in the diagnosis through direct ophthalmoscopy. The model proved to be effective in teaching direct ophthalmoscopy and red reflex test. Its versatility allowed it to be used for teaching veterinary medicine students. The developed algorithm proved to be useful in the detection of edema in fundus color photography of diabetic patients and the image analysis program proved to be useful for the monitoring of patients with toxoplasmosis uveitis. Conclusion: Searching for alternatives to improve the population's ophthalmic service, a simple and low-cost model of the human eye was developed to be used in the teaching of direct ophthalmoscopy and red reflex test, which enabled the teaching and training of this technique, including adapted for the teaching of direct ophthalmoscopy in veterinary medicine students. This can be a teaching method easily adopted by any educational institution due to its low cost and effectiveness. The development of new data and image analysis technologies has proven to be useful alternatives for the diagnosis and monitoring of ophthalmic diseases in situations where we do not have adequate access to eye care.
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Morphologic and sedimentologic patterns of active aeolian dune-fields on the east coast of maranhao, northeast brazil
(Wiley-blackwell, 2016) Hilbert, Natalia Naches; Guedes, Carlos Conforti Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Giannini, Paulo César Fonseca
The eastern portion of the MaranhAo coast is characterized by large active dune-fields located in a tropical setting. This article combines the analysis of dune-field morphologic patterns with the classical analysis of grain size and heavy minerals to study the sedimentary dynamics of the active aeolian system in this region. Based on the heavy mineral analysis, the main sedimentary suppliers feeding the system are the westward alongshore drift bringing sand from the coast east of the Parnaiba River mouth and the river itself. The absence of well-defined variation patterns of the two morphometric parameters studied, dune spacing and crest length, reflects complex sedimentary dynamics and transport pathways, inside the aeolian system, despite the unidirectional wind. During the wet season, the interdune plains are flooded and the system is intensely reworked by intermittent drainages. During the dry season, the deposits formed by the drainages and interdune lakes become temporary internal sedimentary sources for the system. Due to this combined aeolian-fluvial transport, the sediment source area has a planar geometry, with contributions from the beach and interdune plains, and not linear as expected in a typical case of source only in the beach. The areal limits of the dune-fields is the main boundary condition controlling the dune-field patterns, as dune spacing and crest length, by changing the sedimentary inflow-outflow balance and interactions between migration dunes. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Optimal control of a climatization system using energy and comfort objectives
(Editora Pucrs, 2016) Rincon, Franklin D.; Santoro, Bruno F. [UNIFESP]; Mendoza, Diego F.
This paper presents a detailed first energy building control with a DAE structure of index 1. The model is able to capture significant characteristics such as building temperature and air quality, which can be used to improve the control performance and the thermal comfort. The application focus of the current work is the climate control in buildings located in tropical areas, where heating is not necessary but cooling is a major issue. In this contribution, the proposed model is used in three optimization problems with different objective functions. The first objective function is the heat load associated with cooling and dehumidfying the air, the second is the thermal comfort as measured by the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV), and the third is a combination of the other two. The results for these three cases are compared for the main physical variables of the building (temperature, pressure, relative humidity) and PMV, showing that a compromise between energy efficiency and thermal comfort can be achieved. (C) 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Programação Kaizen Para Construção De Modelos Interpretáveis: Uma Abordagem Multiobjetivo Para Regressão Simbólica
(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-04-13) Alves, Artur Henrique Goncalves Coutinho [UNIFESP]; Melo, Vinicius Veloso De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
Regression problems are among some of the main current uses for machine learning and pattern recognition techniques, coming from the necessity of identifying relationships between behaviors and explanatory variables in economy, engineering, natural environment and numerous other areas. Traditional machine learning techniques such as artificial neural networks are extensively applied to real problems with good success rates, but present dificulties, such as parameter configuration, and shortcomings, such as the impossibility of interpreting the relationships found in the modeling of a specific system. Enters, then, the symbolic regression, a research subarea focused on methods for building mathematical equations for the correct modeling of different behaviors. This approach is not limited by incorrect structure choices, unlike linear regression, and allows for the analysis of the behavior modeled by the chosen mathematical elements. In this work, a recent automatic programming technique that can be used for symbolic regression is presented: Kaizen Programming. This technique applies continuous improvement concepts in a hyperheuristics structure, allowing for its use in various problems and with various auxiliary heuristics. Besides, it uses deterministic methods to evaluate and decide upon the ideas proposed by these techniques, lessening the negative impact a purely stochastic approach may bring to this kind of application. The implementation used here presents new modifications, specially the inclusion of a new objective: their complexity, defined by the nonlinearity of their mathematical elements. In real problems, it is expected that high quality models will be complex, but not too much, in order to avoid overfitting and to keep interpretability; therefore, the symbolic regression becomes a multiobjective problem, with conflicting objectives. This new version of Kaizen Programming was compared to the original one, to classical machine learning techniques and to another symbolic regression technique in well-known datasets constructed from real problems and in a time series - building autoregressive models for a predictive control to automatically drive a vehicle in a racing simulator. In general, the new technique presents lower predictive power when compared to its original counterpart and the other symbolic regression technique considered here, but offers solutions that are considerably simpler than the ones built by both.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Relationship between daytime sleepiness and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucomatous disease
(Hindawi publishing corp, 2016) Gracitelli, Carolina P. B. [UNIFESP]; Duque-Chica, Gloria Lilian; de Araujo Moura, Ana Laura [UNIFESP]; Roizenblatt, Marina [UNIFESP]; Nagy, Balazs V.; de Melo, Geraldine Ragot [UNIFESP]; Borba, Paula Delegrego [UNIFESP]; Teixeira, Sergio H. [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Ventura, Dora Fix; Paranhos, Augusto, Jr. [UNIFESP]
Patients with glaucoma showed to have higher daytime sleepiness measured by Epworth sleepiness scale. In addition, this symptom was associated with pupillary reflex and polysomnography parameters. These ipRGC functions might be impaired in patients with glaucoma, leading to worse quality of life.
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The role of kinin B-1 receptor and the effect of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition on acute gout attacks in rodents
(Bmj Publishing Group, 2016) Silva, Cassia R.; Oliveira, Sara M.; Hoffmeister, Carin; Funck, Vincius; Guerra, Gustavo P.; Trevisan, Gabriela; Tonello, Raquel; Rossato, Mateus F.; Pesquero, Joao B. [UNIFESP]; Bader, Michael; Oliveira, Mauro S.; McDougall, Jason J.; Ferreira, Juliano
Objective Verify the role of the kinin B1 receptors (B1R) and the effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEi) on acute gout induced by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in rodents. Methods Painful (overt pain and allodynia) and inflammatory parameters (joint oedema, leukocyte trafficking, interleukin-1 beta levels) of acute gout attacks were assessed several hours after an intra-articular injection of MSU (1.25 or 0.5 mg/articulation) into the ankle of rats or mice, respectively. The role of B1R was investigated using pharmacological antagonism or gene deletion. Additionally, B1R immunoreactivity in ankle tissue and sensory neurons, kininase I activity and des-Arg9-bradykinin synovial levels were also measured. Similar tools were used to investigate the effects of ACEi on a low dose of MSU (0.0125 mg/articulation)-induced inflammation. Results Kinin B1R antagonism or gene deletion largely reduced all painful and inflammatory signs of gout. Furthermore, MSU increased B1R expression in articular tissues, the content of the B-1 agonist des-Arg9-bradykinin and the activity of the B-1 agonist-forming enzyme kininase I. A low dose of MSU crystals, which did not induce inflammation in control animals, caused signs of acute gout attacks in ACEi-treated animals that were B1R-dependent. Conclusions Kinin B1R contributes to acute gouty attacks, including the ones facilitated by ACEi. Therefore, B1R is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and prophylaxis of gout, especially in patients taking ACEi.
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Using femtosecond lasers to modify sizes of gold nanoparticles
(Spie-int soc optical engineering, 2016) Cordeiro, Thiago da Silva; de Matos, Ricardo Almeida [UNIFESP]; de Oliveira Silva, Flavia Rodrigues; Vieira, Nilson Dias, Jr.; Courrol, Lilia Coronato [UNIFESP]; Samad, Ricardo Elgul
Metallic nanoparticles are important on several scientific, medical and industrial areas. The control of nanoparticles characteristics has fundamental importance to increase the efficiency on the processes and applications in which they are employed. The metallic nanoparticles present specific surface plasmon resonances (SPR). These resonances are related with the collective oscillations of the electrons presents on the metallic nanoparticle. The SPR is determined by the potential defined by the nanoparticle size and geometry. There are several methods of producing gold nanoparticles, including the use of toxic chemical polymers. We already reported the use of natural polymers, as for example, the agar-agar, to produce metallic nanoparticles under xenon lamp irradiation. This technique is characterized as a "green" synthesis because the natural polymers are inoffensive to the environment. We report a technique to produce metallic nanoparticles and change its geometrical and dimensional characteristics using a femtosecond laser. The 1 ml initial solution was irradiate using a laser beam with 380 mW, 1 kHz and 40 nm of bandwidth centered at 800 nm. The setup uses an Acousto-optic modulator, Dazzler, to change the pulses spectral profiles by introduction of several orders of phase, resulting in different temporal energy distributions. The use of Dazzler has the objective of change the gold nanoparticles average size by the changing of temporal energy distributions of the laser pulses incident in the sample. After the laser irradiation, the gold nanoparticles average diameter were less than 15 nm.

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