Navegando por Palavras-chave "Mercury"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Convenção de Minamata: análise dos impactos socioambientais de uma solução a longo prazo(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2016-06-06) Silva, Rafaela Rodrigues da [UNIFESP]; Cesar, Augusto [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This study aims to analyze the socio-environmental impacts of a long-term solution admitted in Minamata Convention, in order to bring some light on the potential environmental, social and economic consequences of the continued use of mercury - which is a toxic metal, liquid at room temperature and highly volatile even at zero degrees Celsius, - specifically in activities such as chlor-alkali and fluorescent lamps, also considering, besides the affected environmental compartments, fauna, flora and human segments such as vulnerable to mercury exposure, including in it the workers. There were used literature review, documentary research and use of images in order to better locate and measure the impacts of mercury. The Complexity Theory was used as theoretical base to the dissertation, which presents the Case Study of a chlor-alkali industry, as well as the analysis of fluorescent lamps through the DPSIR method. The research allowed to review the inherent hazard of the mercury and its compounds, that are an endocrine disruptor, and also revealed how much the society is still dependent on obsolete technologies, and the use of mercury is still not being properly controlled by government bodies. The conclusion is that, despite reliable estimates of metal air emissions and its environmental damage - which, by extension, affect from the biota to public health and collective, - obsolete production processes involving mercury, for various political reasons and lucrative economic interests, will remain for a long time. Considering only the chlor-alkali and lamps segments, only Brazil will emit, during the moratorium offered in the framework of Minamata Convention, about 18,700 tons of mercury. The Convention, despite that flexibility, is still in the long process of signature and ratification by countries, having currently 128 signatures and 28 ratifications, entering into force as International Law ninety days after the fiftieth country deposit of its instrument of ratification. In final conclusion, human beings have to break the spell with this phenomenon and face the objective and subjective complexity of the facts in order to to think and act in solidarity, because mankind has a common destiny on the planet, and self-reflection and self-analysis is one of the ways. As Morin indicates, there is the need of reforming the thinking.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosA Cr(VI) selective probe based on a quinoline-amide calix[4]arene(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Ferreira, Juliane F. [UNIFESP]; Bagatin, Izilda A. [UNIFESP]A new quinoline-amide calix[4]arene 3-receptor for detection of hazardous anions and cations have been synthesized. The 3-receptor was examined for its sensing properties towards several different anions (Cr2O72-, SCN-, F-, Cl-, N-3(-)) and metal ions (Hg2+, Cd2+, Ag+) by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. It was detected that the 3-receptor has only sensing ability for Cr2O73- and Hg2+ ions, resulting in the association constants higher for Cr2O73- than to the Hg2+ ions. High selectivity towards Cr2O73- were also observed by fluorescence measurement among other ions (F-, SCN-, Hg2+, Cd2+, Ag+) with a low limit of detection (7.36 x 10(-6) mol dm(-3)). Proton NMR anion-binding investigations revealed a strong interaction of Cr2O73- anion with NH and CH groups of the receptor, showing that the combination with hydrogen-bonds donor groups strengthened the anion receptor association. Furthermore, remarkable association constants for dichromate anion obtained by all techniques strongly suggest the 3-receptor as a selective Cr(VI) sensor. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Determinação de cádmio, crômio e mercúrio por espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X em cooperativas de reciclagem da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2015-05-15) Vieira, Willian de Oliveira Novais [UNIFESP]; Assunção, Nilson Antonio de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Throughout history humans have been exposed to various elements present in nature and substances derived from their activities, with the technological advances and the possibility of electronic purchase this exhibition became pronounced, especially in recycling cooperatives where the amount of such equipment It is high. For lack of information handling them inappropriately collectors materials and also do not use the proper protective equipment which enhances exposure to toxic waste. The amount, the route and the exposure period are decisive factors in determining the risk that each element is to the health of workers and can cause acute or chronic poisoning. We evaluated the concentration of metals: cadmium, chromium and mercury in 18 recycling cooperatives in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. These elements were chosen because of their impact on the environment; particularly industrialized regions like the city of Diadema and present a major risk to human health. Analyses were carried out in partnership with the GEA Institute - Ethics and Environment, and the elements were determined by fluorescence spectrometry X-rays, using portable instrument. The metals were determined in soils, workspaces and public contact sites in cooperatives, and their concentrations ranged from 7 ± 1-5706 ± 811 (ppm). In some analyzes it was observed standard deviations above average, suggesting occasional contamination. In general, the concentrations of metals in the samples are above the levels permitted or recommended by national and international standards, and in some cases, there are differences between the regulatory agencies as the maximum tolerable limits, but there is agreement on the potential risk exposure the metals poses to human health and the environment.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosNeurotoxic impact of mercury on the central nervous system evaluated by neuropsychological tests and on the autonomic nervous system evaluated by dynamic pupillometry(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Milioni, Ana Luiza V.; Nagy, Balazs V.; Moura, Ana Laura A. [UNIFESP]; Zachi, Elaine C.; Barboni, Mirella T. S.; Ventura, Dora F.Mercury vapor is highly toxic to the human body. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of neuropsychological dysfunction in former workers of fluorescent lamps factories that were exposed to mercury vapor (years after cessation of exposure), diagnosed with chronic mercurialism, and to investigate the effects of such exposure on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) using the non-invasive method of dynamic pupillometry. The exposed group and a control group matched by age and educational level were evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory and with the computerized neuropsychological battery CANTABeclipse - subtests of working memory (Spatial Span), spatial memory (Spatial Recognition Memory), visual memory (Pattern Recognition Memory) and action planning (Stockings of Cambridge). The ANS was assessed by dynamic pupillometry, which provides information on the operation on both the sympathetic and parasympathetic functions. Depression scores were significantly higher among the former workers when compared with the control group. The exposed group also showed significantly worse performance in most of the cognitive functions assessed. In the dynamic pupillometry test, former workers showed significantly lower response than the control group in the sympathetic response parameter (time of 75% of pupillary recovery at 10 cd/m(2) luminance). Our study found indications that are suggestive of cognitive deficits and losses in sympathetic autonomic activity among patients occupationally exposed to mercury vapor. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.