Navegando por Palavras-chave "MRI"

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    Assessment of Early Treatment Response With DWI After CT-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Functioning Adrenal Adenomas
    (Amer Roentgen Ray Soc, 2016) Nunes, Thiago Franchi [UNIFESP]; Szejnfeld, Denis [UNIFESP]; Szejnfeld, Jacob [UNIFESP]; Kater, Claudio Elias [UNIFESP]; Faintuch, Salomao; Castro, Charlles Heldan de Moura [UNIFESP]; Goldman, Suzan Menasce [UNIFESP]
    OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to establish the suitability of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a parameter for evaluating early treatment response after percutaneous ablation of functional adrenal adenomas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Seventeen adult patients with functioning adrenal adenomas underwent radiofrequency ablation. Serum hormone levels were analyzed before and up to 6 months after ablation. MRI findings (nodule size in cm, signal intensity index, ADC maps, and nodule-to-muscle ADC ratio) were analyzed before and up to 30 days after ablation. A consensus review of all scans was performed by two attending abdominal imaging radiologists. The procedure was considered successful if serum hormone levels normalized and no contrast enhancement of the adrenal lesion was seen on follow-up MRI. RESULTS. Of 17 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation, complete response was achieved in 16 patients with partial response in one patient. Of the four parameters of interest, only ADC maps and nodule-to-muscle ADC ratio showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION. This prospective study suggests that apparent diffusion coefficient values may help radiologists monitor early treatment response after CT-guided radiofrequency ablation of functioning adrenal adenomas.
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    Assessment of factors that confound MRI and neuropathological correlation of human postmortem brain tissue
    (Springer, 2008-09-01) Grinberg, Lea T.; Amaro, Edson; Teipel, Stefan; Santos, Denis Dionizio dos; Pasqualucci, Carlos Augusto; Leite, Renata E. P.; Camargo, Celia Regina; Goncalves, Jaqueline Alba; Sanches, Ariadne Goncalves [UNIFESP]; Santana, Miriam; Ferretti, Renata E. L.; Jacob-Filho, Wilson; Nitrini, Ricardo; Heinsen, Helmut; Brazilian Aging Brain Study Grp; Univ Wurzburg; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Inst Israelita Ensino & Pesquisa Albert Einstein; Univ Rostock; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    In spite of considerable technical advance in MRI techniques, the optical resolution of these methods are still limited. Consequently, the delineation of cytoarchitectonic fields based on probabilistic maps and brain volume changes, as well as small-scale changes seen in MRI scans need to be verified by neuronanatomical/neuropathological diagnostic tools. To attend the current interdisciplinary needs of the scientific community, brain banks have to broaden their scope in order to provide high quality tissue suitable for neuroimaging- neuropathology/anatomy correlation studies. the Brain Bank of the Brazilian Aging Brain Research Group (BBBABSG) of the University of São Paulo Medical School (USPMS) collaborates with researchers interested in neuroimaging-neuropathological correlation studies providing brains submitted to postmortem MRI in-situ. in this paper we describe and discuss the parameters established by the BBBABSG to select and to handle brains for fine-scale neuroimaging-neuropathological correlation studies, and to exclude inappropriate/unsuitable autopsy brains. We tried to assess the impact of the postmortem time and storage of the corpse on the quality of the MRI scans and to establish fixation protocols that are the most appropriate to these correlation studies. After investigation of a total of 36 brains, postmortem interval and low body temperature proved to be the main factors determining the quality of routine MRI protocols. Perfusion fixation of the brains after autopsy by mannitol 20% followed by formalin 20% was the best method for preserving the original brain shape and volume, and for allowing further routine and immunohistochemical staining. Taken to together, these parameters offer a methodological progress in screening and processing of human postmortem tissue in order to guarantee high quality material for unbiased correlation studies and to avoid expenditures by post-imaging analyses and histological processing of brain tissue.
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    Assessment of irradiated brain metastases using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
    (Springer, 2014-06-01) Almeida-Freitas, Daniela B.; Pinho, Marco C.; Otaduy, Maria C. G.; Braga, Henrique F.; Meira-Freitas, Daniel [UNIFESP]; Leite, Claudia da Costa; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Univ Calif San Diego; Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on cerebral metastases using the transfer constant (K (trans)) assessed by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the ability of K (trans) measurements to predict midterm tumor outcomes after SRS.The study received institutional review board approval, and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Twenty-six adult patients with a total of 34 cerebral metastases underwent T1-weighted DCE MRI in a 1.5-T magnet at baseline (prior to SRS) and 4-8 weeks after treatment. Quantitative analysis of DCE MRI was performed by generating K (trans) parametric maps, and region-of-interest-based measurements were acquired for each metastasis. Conventional MRI was performed at least 16 weeks after SRS to assess midterm tumor outcome using volume variation.The mean (+/- SD) K (trans) value was 0.13 +/- 0.11 min(-1) at baseline and 0.08 +/- 0.07 min(-1) after 4-8 weeks post-treatment (p < 0.001). the mean (+/- SD) total follow-up time was 7.9 +/- 4.7 months. Seventeen patients (22 lesions) underwent midterm MRI. of those, nine (41 %) lesions had progressed at the midterm follow-up. An increase in K (trans) after SRS was predictive of tumor progression (hazard ratio = 1.50; 95 % CI = 1.16-1.70, p < 0.001). An increase of 15 % in K (trans) showed a sensitivity of 78 % and a specificity of 85 % for the prediction of progression at midterm follow-up.SRS was associated with a reduction of K (trans) values of the cerebral metastases in the early post-treatment period. Furthermore, K (trans) variation as assessed using DCE MRI may be helpful to predict midterm outcomes after SRS.
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    Association between symptom severity and internal capsule volume in obsessive-compulsive disorder
    (Elsevier B.V., 2009-03-06) Souza Duran, Fabio Luis de; Hoexter, Marcelo Queiroz [UNIFESP]; Valentejr, Antonio Augusto; Miguel, Euripedes Constantino; Busatto, Geraldo Filho; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Neurobiological models support an involvement of white matter tracts in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but there has been little systematic evaluation of white matter volumes in OCD using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated potential differences in the volume of the cingulum bundle (CB) and anterior limb of internal capsule (ALIC) in OCD patients (n = 19) relative to asymptomatic control subjects (n = 15). White matter volumes were assessed using a 1.5T MRI scanner. Between-group comparisons were carried out after spatial normalization and image segmentation using optimized voxel-based morphometry. Correlations between regional white matter volumes in OCD subjects and symptom severity ratings were also investigated. We found significant global white matter reductions in OCD patients compared to control subjects. the voxel-based search for regional abnormalities (with covariance for total white matter volumes) showed no specific white matter volume deficits in brain portions predicted a priori to be affected in OCD (CB and ALIC). However, large clusters of significant positive correlation with OCD severity scores were found bilaterally on the ALIC. These findings provide evidence of OCD-related ALIC abnormalities and suggest a connectivity dysfunction within frontal-striatal-thalamic-cortical circuits. Further studies are warranted to better define the role of such white matter alterations in the pathophysiology of OCD, and may provide clues for a more effectively targeting of neurosurgical treatments for OCD. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Avaliação por imagem do comprometimento osteoarticular e de nervos periféricos na hanseníase
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2006-06-01) Pereira, Helena Lúcia Alves [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio [UNIFESP]; Ciconelli, Rozana Mesquita [UNIFESP]; Fernandes, Artur da Rocha Correa [UNIFESP]; Hospital Universitário Getúlio Vargas; Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UFAM Departamento de Clínica Médica; Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    In leprosy, bone lesions due direct invasion of bacilli are low in incidence and these lesions exhibit radiologic findings of acute and chronic osteomyelitis similar to those of other granulomatous infectious agents. The more common bone lesions are those due to injurious effects of trauma and infection imposed upon denervated tissues. Radiographycally are seen various degrees of reabsorption of the extremities involving hands and feet with the loss of digits and disorganizing arthropathies in small joints. The radiologic appearance are similar to other conditions in which there is sensory impairment like scleroderma, syringomielia and diabetes mellitus. The ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be helpful in evaluation of the involvement of the peripheral nerves helping in the diagnosis of the neuritis, abscess and differential diagnosis in compressive syndromes.
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    Comparative analysis of MR sequences to detect structural brain lesions in tuberous sclerosis
    (Springer, 2006-02-01) Gama, HPP; Rocha, A. J. da; Braga, F. T.; Silva, C. J. da; Maia, ACM; Meirelles, RGD; Rego, JIM do; Lederman, H. M.; Santa Casa Misericordia São Paulo; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a neurocutaneous genetically inherited disease with variable penetrance characterized by dysplasias and hamartomas affecting multiple organs. MR is the imaging method of choice to demonstrate structural brain lesions in TS. Objective: To compare MR sequences and determine which is most useful for the demonstration of each type of brain lesion in TS patients. Materials and methods: We reviewed MR scans of 18 TS patients for the presence of cortical tubers, white matter lesions (radial bands), subependymal nodules, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SGCA) on the following sequences: (1) T1-weighted spin-echo (T1 SE) images before and after gadolinium (Gd) injection; (2) nonenhanced T1 SE sequence with an additional magnetization transfer contrast medium pulse on resonance (T1 SE/MTC); and (3) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence. Results: Cortical tubers were found in significantly (P < 0.05) larger numbers and more conspicuously in FLAIR and T1 SE/MTC sequences. the T1 SE/MTC sequence was far superior to other methods in detecting white matter lesions (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the T1 SE/MTC and T1 SE (before and after Gd injection) sequences in the detection of subependymal nodules; FLAIR sequence showed less sensitivity than the others in identifying the nodules. T1 SE sequences after Gd injection demonstrated better the limits of the SGCA. Conclusion: We demonstrated the importance of appropriate MRI sequences for diagnosis of the most frequent brain lesions in TS. Our study reinforces the fact that each sequence has a particular application according to the type of TS lesion. Gd injection might be useful in detecting SGCA; however, the parameters of size and location are also important for a presumptive diagnosis of these tumors.
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    Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Case of Colonic Intramural Hematoma After Mild Blunt Abdominal Trauma
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016) Torres, Ulysses S.; Cesar, Daniel Nicoletti; D'Ippolito, Giuseppe [UNIFESP]
    Intramural hematomas can occur along any part of the gastrointestinal tract, being more common in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Intramural colonic hematomas are very rare, and their main causes include abdominal trauma, anticoagulation, and coagulopathies. We report on a 27-year-old man with right lower quadrant pain for 1 day after a mild blunt trauma sustained during a soccer match. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation revealed an intramural hematoma of the right colon, subsequently confirmed and drained through laparoscopic surgery. Although computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in such a context are scarce in the radiological literature, imaging has an important role in the preoperative diagnosis and evaluation of the extent of bowel hematomas to assist in treatment planning.
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    Consensus Paper: Radiological Biomarkers of Cerebellar Diseases
    (Springer, 2015-04-01) Baldarcara, Leonardo [UNIFESP]; Currie, Stuart; Hadjivassiliou, M.; Hoggard, Nigel; Jack, Allison; Jackowski, Andrea P. [UNIFESP]; Mascalchi, Mario; Parazzini, Cecilia; Reetz, Kathrin; Righini, Andrea; Schulz, Joerg B.; Vella, Alessandra; Webb, Sara Jane; Habas, Christophe; Fed Univ Tocantins; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Sheffield; Royal Hallamshire Hosp; Yale Univ; Univ Florence; Meyer Children & Careggi Hosp Florence; Childrens Hosp Buzzi; RWTH Aachen Univ Hosp; Forschungszentrum Julich; Julich Aachen Res Alliance JARA; Univ Hosp Siena; Univ Washington; CHNO Quinze Vingts
    Hereditary and sporadic cerebellar ataxias represent a vast and still growing group of diseases whose diagnosis and differentiation cannot only rely on clinical evaluation. Brain imaging including magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear medicine techniques allows for characterization of structural and functional abnormalities underlying symptomatic ataxias. These methods thus constitute a potential source of radiological biomarkers, which could be used to identify these diseases and differentiate subgroups of them, and to assess their severity and their evolution. Such biomarkers mainly comprise qualitative and quantitative data obtained from MR including proton spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, tractography, voxel-based morphometry, functional imaging during task execution or in a resting state, and from SPETC and PET with several radiotracers. in the current article, we aim to illustrate briefly some applications of these neuroimaging tools to evaluation of cerebellar disorders such as inherited cerebellar ataxia, fetal developmental malformations, and immune-mediated cerebellar diseases and of neurodegenerative or early-developing diseases, such as dementia and autism in which cerebellar involvement is an emerging feature. Although these radiological biomarkers appear promising and helpful to better understand ataxia-related anatomical and physiological impairments, to date, very few of them have turned out to be specific for a given ataxia with atrophy of the cerebellar system being the main and the most usual alteration being observed. Consequently, much remains to be done to establish sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of available MR and nuclear medicine features as diagnostic, progression and surrogate biomarkers in clinical routine.
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    Contributions of Neuroimaging to Understanding Sex Differences in Cocaine Abuse
    (Amer Psychological Assoc, 2012-02-01) Andersen, Monica L. [UNIFESP]; Sawyer, Eileen K.; Howell, Leonard L.; Emory Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    A consistent observation in drug abuse research is that males and females show differences in their response to drugs of abuse. in order to understand the neurobiology underlying cocaine abuse and effective treatments, it is important to consider the role of sex differences. Sex hormones have been investigated in both behavioral and molecular studies, but further evidence addressing drug abuse and dependence in both sexes would expand our knowledge of sex differences in response to drugs of abuse. Neuroimaging is a powerful tool that can offer insight into the biological bases of these differences and meet the challenges of directly examining drug-induced changes in brain function. As such, neuroimaging has drawn much interest in recent years. Specifically, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology have emerged as effective noninvasive approaches for human and animal models. Studies have revealed sex-specific changes in patterns of brain activity in response to acute cocaine injection and after prolonged cocaine use. SPECT and PET studies have demonstrated changes in the dopamine transporter but are less clear on other components of the dopaminergic system. This review highlights contributions of neuroimaging toward understanding the role of sex differences in the drug abuse field, specifically regarding cocaine, and identifies relevant questions that neuroimaging can effectively address.
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    Cross-sectional study of abnormal amygdala development in adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder
    (Elsevier B.V., 2004-09-15) Chen, B. K.; Sassi, R.; Axelson, D.; Hatch, J. P.; Sanches, M.; Nicoletti, M.; Brambilla, P.; Keshavan, M. S.; Ryan, N. D.; Birmaher, B.; Soares, J. C.; Univ Texas; Univ Pittsburgh; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); IRCCS; S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst
    Background: in vivo imaging studies in adult bipolarpatients have suggested enlargement of the amygdala. It is not known whether this abnormality is already present early in the illness course or whether it develops later in life. We conducted a morphometric MRI study to examine the size of specific temporal lobe structures in adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder and healthy control subjects, as well as their relationship with age, to examine possible neurodevelopmental abnormalities.Methods: Subjects included 16 DSM-IV bipolarpatients (16 +/- 3 years) and 21 healthy controls (mean age SD = 17 +/- 4 years). Measures of amygdala, bippocampus, temporal gray matter, temporal lobe, and intracranial volumes (ICV) were obtained.Results: There was a trend to smaller left amygdala volumes inpatients (mean volumes +/- SD = 1.58 +/- .42 mL) versus control subjects (1.83 +/- .4 mL; F = 3.87, df = 1,32, p =.06). Bipolar patients did not show significant differences in right or left bippocampus, temporal lobe gray matter, temporal lobe, or right amygdala volumes (analysis of covariance, age, gender, and JCV as covariates, p >.05) compared with healthy control subjects. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation between left amygdala volumes and age (r =.50, p =.047) in patients, whereas in healthy controls there was an inverse correlation (r = -. 48, p =.03).Conclusions: the direct correlation between left amygdala volumes and age in bipolar patients, not present in healthy control subjects, may reflect abnormal developmental mechanisms in bipolar disorder,
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    Cyclops lesions detected by MRI are frequent findings after ACL surgical reconstruction but do not impact clinical outcome over 2 years
    (Springer, 2017) Facchetti, Luca; Schwaiger, Benedikt J.; Gersing, Alexandra S.; Guimaraes, Julio Brandao [UNIFESP]; Nardo, Lorenzo; Majumdar, Sharmila; Ma, Benjamin C.; Link, Thomas M.; Li, Xiaojuan
    To assess the impact of cyclops lesions with MRI in patients treated for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears on clinical outcome. In 113 patients (age 29.8 +/- 10.5y
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    Detailed MRI-Anatomic Study of the Lateral Epicondyle of the Elbow and Its Tendinous and Ligamentous Attachments in Cadavers
    (Amer Roentgen Ray Soc, 2010-09-01) Zoner, Cristiane Soares [UNIFESP]; Buck, Florian M.; Cardoso, Fabiano Nassar de Castro [UNIFESP]; Gheno, Ramon; Trudell, Debra J.; Randall, Tori D.; Resnick, Donald; Univ Calif San Diego; VA Healthcare Syst San Diego; San Diego Museum Man; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE. the objective of our study was to document discrete bone landmarks in the lateral epicondyle of the humerus that represent the footprints of those tendons and ligaments that attach to it using MRI-anatomic correlation in cadavers.MATERIALS and METHODS. Thirty-three dried humeral specimens were inspected to document bone landmarks in the lateral epicondyle. MRI with anatomic correlation was performed in 10 additional cadaveric elbows. the locations of the tendinous and ligamentous attachments to the lateral epicondyle were determined with respect to the same osseous landmarks.RESULTS. the surface of the lateral epicondyle ranged from a flat surface to a surface with up to six discrete landmarks: superior tubercle, anterior tubercle, posterior tubercle, intertubercular sulcus, rough area surrounding the tubercles, and epicondylar ridge. the radial collateral ligament attached to the superior aspect of the intertubercular sulcus and inferior aspect of the superior tubercle and was indistinguishable from the attachment of the lateral ulnar collateral ligament. the extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum communis, and extensor digiti minimi had a common origin in the superior aspect of the lateral epicondyle. the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon arose from the posteroinferior aspect of the lateral epicondyle.CONCLUSION. Our investigation documents osseous landmarks that are useful in the identification of the footprints of the tendons and ligaments that attach to the lateral epicondyle. Knowledge of these structures contributes to correct interpretation of MR images in persons with tendinous and ligamentous abnormalities in this region.
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    Differentiating cirrhosis and chronic hepatospienic schistosorniasis using MRI
    (Amer Roentgen Ray Soc, 2008-03-01) Bezerra, Alexandre Sergio de Araujo [UNIFESP]; D'Ippolito, Giuseppe [UNIFESP]; Caldana, Rogerio Pedreschi [UNIFESP]; Leopoldino, Denise D.; Batista, Giovani Rodrigues [UNIFESP]; Borges, Durval Rosa [UNIFESP]; Lopes Filho, Gaspar de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Ahmed, Muneeb; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SARAH Network Hosp Reabilitat; Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr
    OBJECTIVE. the objective of our study was to identify which imaging features may be used to differentiate between cirrhosis and chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and to assess image interpretation agreement for MRI findings.MATERIALS and METHODS. Retrospective review of 27 patients with alcoholic or virus-induced cirrhosis and 24 patients with chronic hepatosplenic schistosorniasis who underwent MRI (1.5 T) of the abdomen was performed. Images were interpreted independently by two radiologists evaluating the following MRI features: hepatic fissure widening, irregularity of hepatic contours, periportal fibrosis, hepatic parenchyma heterogeneity, and splenic siderotic nodules. Left, right, and caudate hepatic lobe measurements were obtained, and the splenic index was measured. the Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and Student's t test were used to compare both groups, and regression analysis was performed. Observer agreement was measured using kappa and intraclass correlation tests.RESULTS. Periportal fibrosis, heterogeneity of hepatic parenchyma, and splenic siderotic nodules were more frequent in the group with schistosomiasis (p < 0.05), with periportal fibrosis showing the largest difference in presence and distribution (peripheral greater than central). the transverse diameter of the right hepatic lobe, caudate lobe-right lobe ratio, and splenic index were larger in patients with chronic schistosomiasis (P < 0.001). At multiple regression analysis, splenic siderotic nodules, splenic index, and caudate lobe-right lobe ratio were predictive of schistosomiasis. Observer agreement was substantial or almost perfect for almost all variables analyzed (K or r = 0.81-1.00).CONCLUSION. the presence of peripheral periportall fibrosis,heterogeneity of hepatic parenchyma, and splenic siderotic nodules, and the splenic index and caudate lobe-right lobe ratio are useful features for differentiating alcoholic or virus-induced cirrhosis from chronic schistosomiasis using MRI.
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    Differentiation of Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy with magnetic resonance imaging: the first Brazilian experience
    (Elsevier B.V., 2007-01-01) Barsottini, Orlando G. P.; Ferraz, Henrique B.; Maia, Antonio C. M.; Silva, Carlos J.; Rocha, Antonio J.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Fleury Inst
    Background: the objective of this study is to differentiate PSP from Parkinson's disease through magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: We included 14 consecutive patients with PD (9) or PSP (5). These measures included the third ventricle, midbrain diameter, quadrigeminal plate, brainstem volumetry, and interpeduncular angle. Results: Patients with PSP presented enlargement of third ventricle (100% vs. 33%), lower midbrain diameter (mean 13.2 +/- 1.7 mm vs. 16.5 +/- 1.7 mm) and thinning of the quadrigeminal plate (mean 2.7 +/- 0.3 mm vs. 3.6 +/- 0.3 mm) in comparison with PD. Conclusions: Characteristic findings on MRI may help to differentiate PD from PSP. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Early life stress and macaque annygdala hypertrophy: preliminary evidence for a role for the serotonin transporter gene
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-10-06) Coplan, Jeremy D.; Fathy, Hassan M.; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]; Tang, Cheuk Y.; Perera, Tarique D.; Mathew, Sanjay J.; Martinez, Jose; Abdallah, Chadi G.; Dwork, Andrew J.; Pantol, Gustavo; Carpenter, David; Gorman, Jack M.; Nemeroff, Charles B.; Owens, Michael J.; Kaffman, Arie; Kaufman, Joan; Suny Downstate Med Ctr; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Mt Sinai Sch Med; New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp; Michael E Debakey VA Med Ctr; Baylor Coll Med; Yale Univ; Natl Ctr PTSD; Columbia Univ; Comprehensive NeuroSci Corp; Univ Miami Hlth Sytems; Emory Univ
    Background: Children exposed to early life stress (ELS) exhibit enlarged amygdala volume in comparison to controls. the primary goal of this study was to examine amygdala volumes in bonnet macaques subjected to maternal variable foraging demand (VFD) rearing, a well-established model of ELS. Preliminary analyses examined the interaction of ELS and the serotonin transporter gene on amygdala volume. Secondary analyses were conducted to examine the association between amygdala volume and other stress-related variables previously found to distinguish VFD and non-VFD reared animals.Methods: Twelve VFD-reared and nine normally reared monkeys completed MRI scans on a 3T system (mean age = 5.2 years).Results: Left amygdala volume was larger in VFD vs. control macaques. Larger amygdala volume was associated with: high cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin releasing-factor (CRF) determined when the animals were in adolescence (mean age = 2.7 years); reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) during young adulthood (mean age = 5.2 years) and timid anxiety-like responses to an intruder during full adulthood (mean age = 8.4 years). Right amygdala volume varied inversely with left hippocampal neurogenesis assessed in late adulthood (mean age = 8.7 years). Exploratory analyses also showed a gene-by-environment effect, with VFD-reared macaques with a single short allele of the serotonin transporter gene exhibiting larger amygdala volume compared to VFD-reared subjects with only the long allele and normally reared controls.Conclusion: These data suggest that the left amygdala exhibits hypertrophy after ELS, particularly in association with the serotonin transporter gene, and that amygdala volume variation occurs in concert with other key stress-related behavioral and neurobiological parameters observed across the lifecycle. Future research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying these diverse and persistent changes associated with ELS and amygdala volume.
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    Edge Detection Robust to Intensity Inhomogeneity: A 7T MRI Case Study
    (Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Cappabianco, Fabio A. M. [UNIFESP]; Lellis, Lucas Santana [UNIFESP]; Miranda, Paulo; Ide, Jaime S.; Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R.
    Edge detection is a fundamental operation for computer vision and image processing applications. As of 1986, John Canny proposed a methodology that became known due to its simplicity, small number of parameters, and high accuracy. The method was designed to optimally detect, locate, and trace single edges over each local gradient maximum. Since then, a number of works were proposed but none of these improvements were capable of dealing with non-uniform intensity, which are notably present in ultra high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this paper, we evaluate the effects of inhomogeneity correction over automatic edge detection methods over 7T MRI. Importantly, we propose a non-supervised edge detection method which improves the accuracy of state of the art in 28.0% as detecting head and brain edges.
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    Effects of minocycline add-on treatment on brain morphometry and cerebral perfusion in recent-onset schizophrenia
    (Elsevier B.V., 2015-02-01) Chaves, Cristiano; Marque, Cristiane R.; Maia-de-Oliveira, Joao P.; Wichert-Ana, Lauro; Ferrari, Thiago B.; Santos, Antonio C.; Araujo, David; Machado-de-Sousa, Joao P.; Bressan, Rodrigo A. [UNIFESP]; Elkis, Helio; Crippa, Jose A.; Guimaraes, Francisco S.; Zuardi, Antonio W.; Baker, Glen B.; Dursun, Serdar M.; Hallak, Jaime E. C.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Natl Sci & Technol Inst Translat Med INCT TM; Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte; McGill Univ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Alberta
    Increasing evidence suggests that the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline has neuroprotective effects and is a potential treatment for schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms of action of minocycline in the CNS remain elusive. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of minocycline on brain morphology and cerebral perfusion in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia after 12 months of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of minocycline add-on treatment. This study included 24 outpatients with recent-onset schizophrenia randomized for 12 months of adjuvant treatment with minocycline (200 mg/d) or placebo. MRI (1.5 T) and [Tc-99m]-ECD SPECT brain scans were performed at the end of the 12-month of trial. Between-condition comparisons of SPECT and MRI brain images were performed using statistical parametric mapping and analyzed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Minocycline adjuvant treatment significantly reduced positive and negative symptoms when compared with placebo. the VBM analysis of MRI scans showed that the patients in the placebo group had significant lower gray matter volumes in the midposterior cingulate cortex and in the precentral gyrus in comparison with the patients in the minocycline group. in addition, a decreased ECD uptake in the minocycline condition was observed in fronto-temporal areas. These results suggest that minocycline may protect against gray matter loss and modulate fronto-temporal areas involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, minocycline add-on treatment may be a potential treatment in the early stages of schizophrenia and may ameliorate clinical deterioration and brain alterations observed in this period. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of the brain-derived neurotropic factor variant Val66Met on cortical structure in late childhood and early adolescence
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Araujo, Celia Maria de [UNIFESP]; Zugman, Andre [UNIFESP]; Swardfager, Walter; Belangero, Sintia Iole [UNIFESP]; Ota, Vanessa Kiyomi [UNIFESP]; Spindola, Leticia Maria [UNIFESP]; Hakonarson, Hakon; Pellegrino, Renata; Gadelha, Ary [UNIFESP]; Salum, Giovanni Abrahao; Pan, Pedro Mario [UNIFESP]; Moura, Luciana Monteiro [UNIFESP]; Del Aquilla, Marco [UNIFESP]; Picon, Felipe Almeida; Amaro, Edson, Jr.; Sato, Joao Ricardo; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Rohde, Luis Eduardo Paim; Miguel, Euripedes Constantino; Bressan, Rodrigo Affonseca [UNIFESP]; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]
    Background: The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) has been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders and regional structural brain changes in adults, but little is known about Val66Met's effect on brain morphology during typical or atypical neurodevelopment. Windows of vulnerability to psychopathology may be associated with the different alleles of the Val66Met polymorphism during childhood and adolescence. Methodology: We investigated the effect of Val66Met on cortical thickness in MRI scans of 718 children and adolescents (6-12 years old) with typical development, and in those meeting DSM criteria for a psychiatric disorder. Results: Val66Met had a significant effect on cortical thickness. Considering the typically developing group, Met carriers presented thicker parietal and occipital lobes and prefrontal cortices compared to Val homozygotes. Met carriers with psychiatric disorders presented thicker medial and lateral temporal cortices than Val homozygotes. Furthermore, a significant genotype x psychiatric diagnosis interaction was found: Met-carriers with a psychiatric diagnosis presented thinner bilateral prefrontal cortices than Val homozygotes. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that Val66Met is associated with cortical maturation in children and adolescents with and without psychiatric disorders.
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    Elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in macaques following early life stress and inverse association with hippocampal volume: preliminary implications for serotonin-related function in mood and anxiety disorders
    (Frontiers Research Foundation, 2014-12-23) Coplan, Jeremy D.; Fulton, Sasha L.; Reiner, Wade; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]; Panthangi, Venkatesh; Perera, Tarique D.; Gorman, Jack M.; Huang, Yung-yu; Tang, Cheuk Y.; Hof, Patrick R.; Kaffman, Arie; Dwork, Andrew J.; Mathew, Sanjay J.; Kaufman, Joan; Mann, J. John; Suny Downstate Med Ctr; New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Franklin Beha Hlh Consultants; Icahn Sch Med Mt Sinai; Yale Univ; Michael E Debakey VA Med Ctr; Baylor Coll Med
    Background: Early life stress (ELS) is cited as a risk for mood and anxiety disorders, potentially through altered serotonin neurotransmission. We examined the effects of ELS, utilizing the variable foraging demand (VFD) macaque model, on adolescent monoamine metabolites. We sought to replicate an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) observed in two previous VFD cohorts. We hypothesized that elevated cisternal 5-HIAA was associated with reduced neurotrophic effects, conceivably due to excessive negative feedback at somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors. A putatively decreased serotonin neurotransmission would be reflected by reductions in hippocampal volume and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA).Methods: When infants were 2-6 months of age, bonnet macaque mothers were exposed to VFD. We employed cisternal CSF taps to measure monoamine metabolites in VFD (N = 22) and non-VFD (N = 14) offspring (mean age = 2.61 years). Metabolites were correlated with hippocampal volume obtained by MRI and WM FA by diffusion tensor imaging in young adulthood in 17 males [10 VFD (mean age = 4.57 years)].Results: VFD subjects exhibited increased CSF 5-HIAA compared to non-VFD controls. An inverse correlation between right hippocampal volume and 5-HIAA was noted in VFD- but not controls. CSF HVA and MHPG correlated inversely with hippocampal volume only in VFD. CSF 5-HIAA correlated inversely with FA of the VVM tracts of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) only in VFD.Conclusions: Elevated cisternal 5-HIAA in VFD may reflect increased dorsal raphe serotonin, potentially inducing excessive autoreceptor activation, inducing a putative serotonin deficit in terminal fields. Resultant reductions in neurotrophic activity are reflected by smaller right hippocampal volume. Convergent evidence of reduced neurotrophic activity in association with high CSF 5-HIAA in VFD was reflected by reduced FA of the ALIC.
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    A estrutura e o metabolismo cerebral de crianças e adolescentes de 7 a 12 anos vítimas de violência
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-03-23) Milani, Ana Carolina Coelho [UNIFESP]; Jackowski, Andrea Parolin [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marcelo Feijó de [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9828693113292175; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7508415549513991; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6702640941720501; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious consequences throughout life. Child abuse victims experience many, often multiple, adverse experiences that may result in behavioral changes and psychopathologies such as posttraumatic stress disorder. The main objective of the thesis is to evaluate the impact of traumatic experiences on children between 7 and 12 years of age, victims of violence (with or without psychiatric diagnosis - PTSD or PTSS), on the structure and brain metabolism using magnetic resonance imaging in a prospective study. As a methodology, the study was performed longitudinally (one year follow-up) in children aged 7 to 12 years, victims of violence (with PTSD or PTSS), and compared them with controls exposed to violence (but without psychopathology) and with healthy controls in relation to brain structure and metabolism (in the region of the anterior cingulate gyrus) through magnetic resonance imaging. The results suggest that although structural abnormalities were not observed in patients diagnosed with PTSS / PTSS, metabolic changes (NAA / Cr ratio) were already present, which might reflect that structural magnetic resonance imaging may not be sensitive enough to Detect subtle or shorttime changes, unlike spectroscopy. New longitudinal studies with larger populations and for a longer time are necessary to elucidate the psychobiological consequences of traumas in childhood and adolescence.