Navegando por Palavras-chave "Leptin"

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    Acute sleep restriction increases energy expenditure in obese men
    (Karger, 2017) Zimberg, Ioná Zalcman [UNIFESP]; Del Re, Mariana Pantaleão [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]
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    Adipokines during early abstinence of crack cocaine in dependent women reporting childhood maltreatment
    (Elsevier B.V., 2013-12-15) Levandowski, Mateus L.; Viola, Thiago W.; Tractenberg, Saulo G.; Teixeira, Antonio L.; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]; Bauer, Moises E.; Grassi-Oliveira, Rodrigo; Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Childhood maltreatment has been associated with addiction and immune dysregulation, although neurobiological substrates underlying this association remain largely unknown. the aim of the study was to compare plasma levels of adipokines during early abstinence in crack cocaine dependent women with (CM+) and without history of childhood maltreatment (CM). One hundred four crack cocaine female users were followed for 20 days in a detoxification inpatient treatment unit. Plasma levels of adiponectin, resistin and leptin were assessed every 7 days during 3 weeks of follow-up. the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) retrospectively assessed childhood maltreatment history. A healthy control group was included to provide adipokines reference values (HC). All crack users increased leptin plasma levels during early abstinence despite concentrations remained lower in comparison with non-users group. Crack users reporting childhood maltreatment exhibited a significant reduction in plasma levels of adiponectin and resistin when compared to CM group. in addition, only CM participants increased plasma levels of adiponectin during detoxification. This is the first study evaluating adipokines during crack cocaine abstinence. Our results suggest a modulator effect of childhood maltreatment on inflammatory status in treatment-seeking crack cocaine dependents during early abstinence. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Adipokines, metabolic dysfunction and illness course in bipolar disorder
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Mansur, Rodrigo B. [UNIFESP]; Rizzo, Lucas B. [UNIFESP]; Santos, Camila M. [UNIFESP]; Asevedo, Elson [UNIFESP]; Cunha, Graccielle R. [UNIFESP]; Noto, Mariane N. [UNIFESP]; Pedrini, Mariana [UNIFESP]; Zeni, Maiara [UNIFESP]; Cordeiro, Quirino; McIntyre, Roger S.; Brietzke, Elisa [UNIFESP]
    Replicated evidence indicates that individuals with BD are differentially affected by metabolic comorbidities and that its occurrence is a critical mediator and/or moderator of BD outcomes. This study aimed to explore the role of adipokines on bipolar disorder (BD) course and its relationship with metabolic comorbidities (i.e. type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity). We measured plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin, as well as anthropometric and metabolic parameters of 59 patients with BD and 28 healthy volunteers. Our results showed that, in female participants, adiponectin was lower in individuals with BD, relative to healthy controls (p = 0.017). In the BD population, adiponectin levels were correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.291, p = 0.047), fasting insulin (r = -0.332, p = 0.023), C-peptide (r = 0.040, p = 0.040), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (r = -0.411, p = 0.004), HDL (r = 0.508, p < 0.001), VLDL (r = -0395, p = 0.005) and triglycerides (r = -0.310, p = 0.030). After adjustment for age, gender and BMI, individuals with BD and low adiponectin levels (i.e. < 7.5 mu g/ml), had a higher number of mood episodes (p < 0.001), lower number of psychiatric hospitalizations (p = 0.007), higher depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and lower levels of functioning (p = 0.020). In conclusion, adiponectin levels, either directly or as a proxy of metabolic dysfunction, is independently associated with an un-favorable course of illness in BD. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Alterations in Downstream Mediators Involved in Central Control of Eating Behavior in Obese Adolescents Submitted to a Multidisciplinary Therapy
    (Elsevier B.V., 2011-09-01) Prado, Wagner Luiz do [UNIFESP]; Oyama, Lila Missae [UNIFESP]; Lofrano-Prado, Mara Cristina [UNIFESP]; Piano, Aline de [UNIFESP]; Stella, Sérgio Garcia [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Claudia Maria da Penha Oller do [UNIFESP]; Carnier, June [UNIFESP]; Caranti, Danielle Arisa [UNIFESP]; Tock, Lian [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Dâmaso, Ana Raimunda [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: the aim of this study was to verify the effects of a multidisciplinary therapy (24 weeks) on neurohormonal control of food intake, specifically in orexigenic (total ghrelin, agouti-related protein [AgRP], neuropeptide Y [NPY], and melanin-concentrating hormone) and anorexigenic factors (leptin, insulin, and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone [alpha-MSH]), in obese adolescents.Methods: A total of 88 adolescents (38 boys and 50 girls), including 62 obese and 26 normal-weight, aged 15-19 years were recruited. Obese adolescents were submitted to a 24-week multidisciplinary therapy. AgRP, NPY, melanin-concentrating hormone, leptin, insulin, glucose, alpha-MSH, total ghrelin, and food intake were measured at three stages (at baseline, after 12 weeks, and after 24 weeks).Results: At baseline, obese adolescents showed hyperleptinemia (circulating leptin levels, which were, in boys and girls, 40 and 35 times higher than in normal-weight subjects, respectively). After 24 weeks, these values decreased in all obese patients. Our results showed no differences in ghrelin levels between obese and normal-weight adolescents, in both genders. However, obese boys reduced their plasma ghrelin concentration after 24 weeks of therapy (p<.05). the multidisciplinary therapy decreased NPY and AgRP values and increased alpha-MSH; simultaneously with these changes there was a decrease in total food intake after 24 weeks of therapy.Conclusions: We can conclude that the multidisciplinary therapy was efficient to modulate neurohormonal control of food intake in obese adolescents. (C) 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Are the beneficial cardiovascular effects of simvastatin and metformin also associated with a hormone-dependent mechanism improving insulin sensitivity?
    (Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2007-02-01) Bulcão, Caroline [UNIFESP]; Giuffrida, Fernando de Mello Almada [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro-Filho, Fernando Flexa [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    In addition to lipid-lowering and cardiovascular protective actions, statins may have beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of simvastatin therapy on insulin resistance and on leptin, adiponectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as compared to metformin, in overweight pre-diabetic subjects. Forty-one subjects with BMI >25 kg/m² and impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to take simvastatin, 20 mg/day (N = 20) or metformin, 1.7 g/day (N = 21) for 16 weeks. Blood samples for the determination of metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters were obtained at baseline and after each treatment. After metformin therapy, significant reductions in mean BMI and waist circumference were observed, and after simvastatin treatment LDL and triglyceride levels were significantly reduced. Insulin resistance determined by the homeostasis model assessment decreased only with metformin. Independently of the type of medication, a significant decrease in CRP levels was detected from baseline to the end of the study. CRP showed a mean reduction of 0.12 ± 0.04 mg/dL (P = 0.002) over time. No change in leptin or adiponectin levels was induced by any therapy. The data suggest that a low dose of simvastatin does not affect insulin resistance in overweight pre-diabetic subjects and has no effect on leptin or adiponectin levels. Further studies including a larger sample size, higher doses of statins, and a placebo control group are necessary to confirm the present data.
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    Asma e obesidade: determinação de um perfil inflamatório e funcional em mulheres obesas asmáticas
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-04-25) Rosa, Gilvandro De Almeida [UNIFESP]; Fernandes, Ana Luisa Godoy [UNIFESP]; Araújo, Leila [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0379775988338724; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4204795300182038; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Asthma and obesity are two chronic diseases, difficult to manage and of high and increasing prevalence in several countries of all continents; in Brazil the two diseases are a serious health problem, causing high costs for public health. About two decades ago, some studies have shown a higher prevalence of asthma among obese, especially among obese women. Some affirm that the fact is due to the particular physical-structural alterations of the obese ones, leading to the collapse of the bronchi, leading to the bronchial hyper-reactivity. Others, however, suggest that adipose tissue has been described in the last twenty years as an endocrine tissue, demonstrating the production of lipidectin (adipokine and adipoctin), as well as other inflammatory mediators, including various types of interleukins and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF). This excess of inflammatory mediators, in the obese, would play an important role in the chronic inflammatory process in the obese, in which one of the target organs would be the lung. Method: Our work studied 73 obese women (51 asthmatic obese and 22 non-asthmatic obese women), who underwent clinical interviews - Application of the ACQ questionnaires from the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the International Study for Asthma and Athopy in Chilhoold (ISAAC), spirometry, methacholine bronchial provocation test, blood collection for laboratory tests, and for dosage of inflammatory mediators, aeroallergens (prick-test) skin test, nasal swab cytology and induced sputum. Objective: to determine the functional and inflammatory profile of asthma in obesity. Results: Groups were demographically similar (age, BMI and past smoking). However, completely different in the cytology of nasal swab and induced sputum, prick test, total serum IgE, spirometric values and bronchial provocation test with methacholine. At the dosages of leptin that was four times higher in the asthmatic obese group. Conclusion: We conclude that obese asthmatic follows the Th2 inflammatory pattern with high IgE; however, hyperlipectinemia may interfere with the inflammatory process. The phenotype of bronchial asthma in obese individuals would be represented predominantly by a Th2 response, with production of high levels of serum leptin, which may exacerbate or induce this inflammatory response.
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    Autonomic dysregulation in ob/ob mice is improved by inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme
    (Springer, 2010-04-01) Hilzendeger, Aline Mourão [UNIFESP]; Costa Goncalves, Andrey C. da; Plehm, Ralph; Diedrich, Andre; Gross, Volkmar; Pesquero, Joao B. [UNIFESP]; Bader, Michael; Max Delbruck Ctr Mol Med; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Vanderbilt Univ
    The leptin-deficient ob/ob mice are insulin resistant and obese. However, the control of blood pressure in this model is not well defined. the goal of this study was to evaluate the role of leptin and of the renin-angiotensin system in the cardiovascular abnormalities observed in obesity using a model lacking leptin. To this purpose, we measured blood pressure in ob/ob and control animals by radiotelemetry combined with fast Fourier transformation before and after both leptin and enalapril treatment. Autonomic function was assessed pharmacologically. Blood pressure during daytime was slightly higher in the ob/ob compared to control mice, while no difference in heart rate was observed. Blood pressure response to trimetaphane and heart rate response to metoprolol were greater in ob/ob mice than in control littermates indicating an activated sympathetic nervous system. Heart rate response to atropine was attenuated. Baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability were blunted in ob/ob mice, while low frequency of systolic blood pressure variability was found increased. Chronic leptin replacement reduced blood pressure and reversed the impaired autonomic function observed in ob/ob mice. Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by enalapril treatment had similar effects, prior to the loss of weight. These findings suggest that the renin-angiotensin system is involved in the autonomic dysfunction caused by the lack of leptin in ob/ob mice and support a role of this interplay in the pathogenesis of obesity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.
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    Avaliação de hormônios gastrointestinais e leptina em pacientes com e sem reganho do peso após cinco anos da gastroplastia em y de roux
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-11-28) Saboya Sobrinho, Carlos Jose [UNIFESP]; Lopes Filho, Gaspar De Jesus [UNIFESP]; Arasaki, Carlos Haruo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8299360555227115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3518607824692081; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7034900883648145; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the role of gastrointestinal hormones – GHRELIN, peptide YY 3-36 (PYY 3-36), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) - and LEPTIN in patients with and without weight regain undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass after five years of the surgical procedure. METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study, where 72 individuals divided into 3 paired groups: Group WR (WITH WEIGHT REGAIN): 24 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with weight regain; Group WWR (WITHOUT WEIGHT REGAIN): 24 patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass without weight regain and Group NO-OP (NON-OPERATED OBESE): 24 obese patients who are candidates for bariatric surgery. Patients with weight regain, defined as the increase of 5kg/m2 in BMI, taking as reference the minimum BMI reached during the postoperative period and the current BMI. The overall patients underwent clinical, biochemical, anthropometric and endoscopic evaluation. Hormone evaluation was performed in four settings – fasting, 30, 60 and 120 minutes - after standard meal intake, considering that the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones is affected by nutrient intake. RESULTS: For GLP-1, GLP-2 and PYY, values in the control group (NO-OP) did not change significantly. In the WR and WWR there was a sharp elevation at 30 minutes followed by a decrease at 60 and 120 minutes, ending with mean values still higher than baseline. Variations in ghrelin were not considered statistically significant. For GIP, the three groups showed similar behavior, with an increase at 30 minutes and a decrease at 60 and 120 minutes; however, in the overall evaluation (baseline period up to 120min), the WWR was the group in which GIP reached its lowest variation compared to baseline, and a statistical difference was found compared to the NO-OP and the WR groups. For leptin, the RW was similar to control, while the WWR showed significantly lower mean values. CONCLUSIONS: Non-operated obese individuals showed a postprandial secretion profile of PYY, GLP-1 and GLP-2, distinct from patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. In patients with weight regain, leptin concentrations were significantly higher when compared to patients without weight regain, thus suggesting a probable resistance to the action of this hormone. Patients without weight regain showed less variation in GIP, which implies a possible relation to the restoration of the secretory process after glucose control. GLP-1, GLP-2, PYY and GHRELIN showed no correlation with weight regain. Further studies should be conducted to better identify the mechanisms responsible for the findings reported by the current investigation, as well as clarifications on other conditions induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
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    Avaliação do papel da obesidade e de adipocinas como fatores de risco de Tromboembolismo Venoso: um estudo de casocontrole
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-18) Pinheiro, Patricia Nunes Bezerra [UNIFESP]; Morelli, Vania Maris [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9067828314933870; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9966532300024573; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: The venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent disease related to a relevant morbimortality. The association between obesity and VTE is particularly important due the increased prevalence of obesity in the world. The mechanism that obesity increases the risk of VTE is multifactorial, related probably to the venous stasis, low grade of inflammation, hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis. Altering the levels of some adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, may be relevant in the mechanism of VTE, as they are able to influence hemostasis. Studies exploring the role of adipokines in the thrombotic risk may contribute to a better understanding of pathophysiology of VTE in obesity. Purpose: To investigate the effect of anthropometric measurements of obesity (body mass index – BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and hip waist ratio) and the levels of leptin and adiponectin in the risk of VTE. In patients and controls, the relationship between obesity measures and leptin and adiponectin levels, and the correlation of levels of these adipokines with several factors of hemostasis, adhesion molecules and Creactive protein (CRP) were evaluated. Methods: We conducted a case-control study with 85 patients, aged 18-60 years, with a single event of VTE and 120 controls. Patients and controls were matched according to sex and age (± 5 years). Results: The obesity measures were associated with VTE risk, even after the adjusting for potential confounding factors (age, sex, ethnicity, schooling and estrogen use). For example, the BMI ≥30 kg/m2 increased the risk of VTE (Odds ratio 2.33; CI 95% 1.08- 5.01) by approximately 2.5 times the reference (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). There was no association between leptin or adiponectin levels and thrombotic risk when evaluated as tertiles or continuous variables. Obesity measures positively associated with the leptin levels and negatively with the adiponectin levels in patients and controls. The correlations were weak or absent between levels of adipokines and levels of factors of hemostasis, adhesion molecules and CRP. Conclusions: As expected, obesity was associated with an increased risk of VTE. There was no contribution of leptin or adiponectin levels to the risk of VTE. However, the present results may be used as a source for prospective studies, with larger sample size, and aimed to elucidate the role of adipokines in the risk of VTE.
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    Avaliação do parasitismo em camundongos infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi e submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-08-05) Almeida, Leticia Silva Holevegem de [UNIFESP]; Vasconcelos, Jose Ronnie Carvalho de [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, Carolina Prado de França [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7515875838702169; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2376141137368343; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7383635060198085; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    As células T CD8+ específicas de perfil Th1 possuem suma importância à eliminação de patógenos intracelulares, sendo necessário estudos in vivo para investigar o comportamento das mesmas diante das infecções parasitárias. Dessa forma, foi evidenciado que as células T CD8+ possuem um grande potencial para compor estratégias profiláticas e∕ou terapêuticas ao tratamento da doença de Chagas, uma patologia causada pelo parasita intracelular Trypanosoma cruzi que quando não tratada em seus estágios iniciais resulta na fase crônica da doença. A obesidade é uma patologia crônica de crescente incidência mundial, cuja prevalência ocorre em populações de maior vulnerabilidade social, a qual o risco de infecção pelo T. cruzi também é mais frequente. Para avaliar o parasitismo foram utilizados camundongos da linhagem C57BL∕6 infectados com a cepa Y do Trypanosoma cruzi e induzidos à obesidade por dieta hiperlipídica. A partir de dados preliminares do nosso grupo de pesquisa, observamos que o excesso de adipócitos característico da obesidade modifica a resposta das células T CD8+ específicas diante da infecção pelo T. cruzi. Os resultados indicam que a leptina pode estar relacionada à estimulação de respostas do sistema imune de perfil Th1. O modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica, apresentou melhora da parasitemia sanguínea e da polifuncionalidade das células T CD8+ específicas, associada a maior concentração de leptina no soro dos animais. Visto que a obesidade e a doença de Chagas apresentam implicações no sistema imune, são necessários estudos que possam estabelecer conclusões sobre a forma de ação do sistema imune em relação às duas doenças, visando a ampliação do conhecimento em busca de procedimentos terapêuticos.
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    Avaliação por microdiálise cerebral do efeito da leptina sobre o sistema serotonérgico hipotalâmico em ratos normais
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2001) Telles, Monica Marques [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Eliane Beraldi [UNIFESP]
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    Balanço energético e inflamação na obesidade: efeito do tratamento interdisciplinar
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-03-22) Sanches, Ricardo Badan [UNIFESP]; Caranti, Danielle Arisa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease associated with an impairment in the regulation of energy balance. Energetic homeostasis control is regulated in the brain regulated through a microcircuit of neurons that release neuropeptides with direct influence on energy consumption and energy expenditure. Leptin is a key hormone in the regulation of this complex system. Aim: To analyze the relationship between energy balance, inflammatory profile and neuroendocrine control of energy balance of obese subjects submitted to an interdisciplinary intervention program. Methods: Fifty (50) volunteers completed interdisciplinary therapy lasting thirty-two (32) weeks, involving physical exercise, physiotherapy, nutritional and psychological sessions. Before and after treatment, clinical, anthropometric, cardiorespiratory, metabolic and biochemical analyzes were performed to determine the effect of therapy and associations between variables. The collected data were analyzed with statistical tests adequate to the objectives, establishing significance value of p <0.05. Results: After 32 weeks of treatment, several improvements were observed in the reduction of % body fat (43.0 ± 7.0 vs 38.5 ± 7.2, p <0.001), abdominal circumference (107.5 ± 8.5 vs 101 , total cholesterol (156.8 ± 49.5 vs 129.9 ± 37.6, p = 0.004), leptin (88.8 ± 51.0 vs 65.5 ± 34.0; p=0.001), food intake (1806 ± 625 vs 1456 ± 416, p = 0.001) absolute VO2 (2.19 ± 0.55 vs 2.54 ± 0.56, p <0.001) and α-MSH (0.70 ± 0.33 vs. 0.85 ± 0.29, p = 0.020). In article 1, leptin levels were inversely correlated with cardiorespiratory fitness (r = -0.382, p = 0.001) and REE (r = -0.447, p <0.001). In addition, hyperleptinemia status was considered an independent predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness (r² = -2.335, p = 0.023) and REE (r² = -2.649, p = 0.010). In article 2, which were divided the groups by the magnitude of weight loss, it was verified that for the anthropometric measurements the Moderate group and the Massive weight loss group were more efficient compared to the group Low weight loss. For the variables related to the metabolic profile, REE and cardiorespiratory fitness, the groups showed similar responses and in relation to the inflammatory parameters, the Massive weight loss group obtained additional benefits. In addition, it was found that α-MSH levels in the Low weight loss group was statistically higher than in the Massive weight loss group (p <0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that longterm interdisciplinary therapy is a good strategy for the treatment of obesity, since several improvements in health parameters were verified after therapy. With the cross-sectional results, presented in article 1, we proposed a vicious cycle between the hyperleptinemia, energy expenditure and positive energy balance, a fact that may be related to an energy homeostasis impairment of obese individuals. In addition, the data presented in article 2 suggest that participating in an interdisciplinary treatment program, even when not associated with a large weight loss, provides several health benefits. However, we emphasize that weight loss greater than 10% of body weight may provide additional benefits by improving the inflammatory state and reducing the impairment of energy balance caused by obesity. Finally, we suggest that individuals with high levels of α-MSH may have more difficulty in reducing body weight.
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    Concentração plasmática da grelina total, grelina acetilada, leptina, GH e IGF-I em crianças e adolescentes com doença renal crônica
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009-07-29) Naufel, Maria Fernanda Soares [UNIFESP]; Carvalhaes, João Tomás de Abreu [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background The mechanisms responsible for the uraemic anorexia are poorly understood. In children and adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased levels of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin are often found. However, no data exits in relationship to concentration of acylated ghrelin in pediatric patients with CKD. Methods Cross-sectional study of acylated and total ghrelin plasma levels in pediatric patients with mild CKD undergoing conservative treatment (MCKD group, n = 19) and patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis (ESRD group, n = 24) compared with healthy controls (n =20). The correlations between total or acyl ghrelin with leptin, GH, IGF-I, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and anthropometric and nutritional measurements were also undertaken. Results ESRD patients had significantly lower BMI Z-score and energy intake while both ESRD and MCKD groups had lower height-for-age Z-score than control group. ESRD patients also exhibited higher total ghrelin levels (2009.7±1278.0 pg/ml, mean±SD) than either MCKD (1117.5±891.9 pg/ml) or controls (655.3±255.6 pg/ml). However, plasma acyl ghrelin levels did not differ between groups. The ESRD group had normal GH but low IGF-I levels. When all 43 uraemic subjects were combined, total ghrelin correlated positively with GH (r =0.340, p=0.0255) and negatively with IGF-I (r= - 0.415, p=0.0057) and GFR (r= -0.534, p<0.0002). Both total and acyl ghrelin correlated negatively with nutritional status. Conclusion The present findings suggest that most of the increased total ghrelin in CKD pediatric patients is desacylated. As desacyl ghrelin has been shown to inhibit feeding, its high levels may contribute to malnutrition and growth deficit in CKD patients.
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    Controle neuroendócrino da massa óssea: mito ou verdade?
    (Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, 2003-08-01) Borba, Victoria Zeghbi Cochenski [UNIFESP]; Kulak, Carolina Aguiar Moreira; Lazaretti-Castro, Marise [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital de Clínicas Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Bone remodeling is a physiologic process regulated by the interaction between the bone cells and a variety of hormones, cytokines, growth factors and inflammatory mediators. The central nervous system (CNS) has been proposed as a new regulatory element, acting through the release of neuronal messengers, which create a link between CNS and skeleton. There have been experimental and clinical evidence of neuroendocrine control of bone mass, with several factors implicated in this mechanism, including neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, leptin and others. Clinically, participation of neuroendocrine mechanisms comes from observation of bone loss in hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. More recently, leptin deficiency and leptin resistance have also been involved with bone metabolism. New studies are necessary to improve our knowledge on the relationships between these two important systems, and to establish if there is a local or systemic participation of the neuroendocrine system in bone metabolism.
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    Dieta rica em ácidos graxos polinsaturados n-6: influência sobre a liberação basal de mediadores inflamatórios
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2005) Xavier, Roberta Araújo Navarro [UNIFESP]; Silveira, Vera Lucia Flor [UNIFESP]
    Mudanças nos ácidos graxos da dieta podem provocar alterações na fluidez e na composição dos fosfolipídios de membrana, alterando a produção de importantes mediadores e moduladores inflamatórios. Nesse sentido, demonstramos anteriormente que animais alimentados por 7 semanas com dietas ricas em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGP) apresentaram redução da resposta inflamatória aguda, que foi parcialmente atribuída aos elevados níveis basais de corticosterona observados. Adicionalmente, observamos que esse efeito antiinf1amatório foi acompanhado por alterações nos níveis de fibrinogênio, leptina, bradicinina e citocinas pró e antiinflamatórias. Não se sabe, porém, se na ausência de estímulo inflamatório as dietas lipídicas, ricas em AGP, poderiam alterar por si só, o nível desses mediadores. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito da dieta rica em AGP n-6 sobre a liberação basal de corticosterona, fibrinogênio, leptina sérica, bradicinina e citocinas (Interleucinas lL-l, IL-4, IL-6,IL-10) em ratos alimentados por 4, 5, 6, ou 7 semanas. A dieta rica em AGP n-6 não alterou os níveis basais de bradicinina e citocinas, mas aumentou a concentração basal de corticosterona, leptina e fibrinogênio. Esses dados sugerem uma relação entre essas alterações e o efeito antiinflamatório dessa dieta observado na 5a, 6a e 7a semana de alimentação, já que os mediadores alterados podem agir como modula dores da resposta inflamatória.
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    Efeito de dietas hiperlipídicas sobre a liberação de mediadores inflamatórios
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2004) Wohlers, Marta [UNIFESP]; Silveira, Vera Lucia Flor [UNIFESP]
    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dietas hiperlipídicas, ricas em ácidos graxos poliisaturados (AGP) dos tipos n-3 ou n-6, sobre a fagocitose, produção de 11201 óxido nítrico (NO) por macrófagos, liberação de bradicinina (BK), NO e interleucinas (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-4 e IIL-10 no perfusato inflamatório e concentração sangüínea de calicreína (KK), corticosterona e leptina e interleucinas. Ratos machos Wistar (60-70 g) foram alimentados com dieta padrão (grupo controle), dieta padrão enriquecida com 15 por cento de óleo de peixe (rico em AGP n-3) (grupo peixe) ou óleo de soja (rico em AGP n-6) (grupo soja). Depois de sete semanas de tratamento com as respectivas dietas, o edema de pata foi induzido pela administração intraplantar de carragenina (0,1 mg) e a liberação local de BK, NO e ILs foi determinada, da 1ª à 2ª hora e da 2ª à 3ª hora após a administração da carragenina. Também foram determinadas, em diferentes momentos após a administração de carragenina, as concentrações plasmáticas de corticosterona, calicreína, leptina e séricas de Ils e catecolaminas. Também determinou-se a fagocitose, liberação de NO e H2O2 por macrófagos pré estimulados ou não com carragenina e a liberação de NO no exsudato peritoneal de ratos que receberam carragenina i.p. Em relação ao grupo controle observamos nos grupos lipídicos redução da liberação de H202 pelos macrófagos estimulados com carragenina ou acetato de phorbol miristato (PMA), da liberação de NO por macrófagos peritoneais estimulados com carragenina, da liberação de BK e NO no perfusato do edema de carragenina e menor concentração plasmática de KK, após estímulo com carragenina. Estas observações, provavelmente colaboram para a redução da resposta inflamatória aguda nos grupos lipídicos. Ocorreu aumento de leptina durante o desenvolvimento do edema de carragenina, porém nos grupos lipídicos esse aumento foi menor do que no controle, o que poderia indicar um papel…(au).
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    Efeito do exercício de força sobre a adiposidade periférica e visceral, perfil lipídico, glicídico e hormonal em adolescentes obesos
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2006-12-31) Stella, Sérgio Garcia [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objective: Verify the possible changes promote by strength exercise to visceral and periferic adipose tissue, lipidic profile, glucose and hormonal aswers, after twelvy weeks of intervention, in obese adolescents Methods: was select 126 adolescents, both genders, aged between 14and 19 years, and body mass index (BMI) 95 th, distributed in four groups: control (no exercise), leasure activity, aerobic exercise and strength exercise. They performed physical exercise for 12 weeks, 3 sessions each week, with 1hour of duration. Training intensity was not controlled in the leasure activity group, aerobic group training was at intensity corresponding to ventilatory threeshold – I, strength exercise was performed at 70% of 1 Maximun Repetition. Total body fat, subcutaneous fat and lean body mass was assessed by whole-body dual-energy X-ray absormetry scan (DEXA), visceral adipose tissue assessed by ultrassonography. Lipidic profile was measured by calorimetry and hormonals assays by radioimmunoassay. Results: Relation to body composition, after treatment, strength training promoted significant decreased in the BMI, body mass, visceral and subcutaneous fat in boys. Aerobic training promoted same changes in boys and girls. There was lean body mass preservation in both genders in all groups. Aerobic training decreased total cholesterol and LDL – c in both genders. The leasure physical activity reduced the blood levels of glucose and insulin, ass well in HOMA, only in girls. Conclusions: Strength training was the more effective to promote changes in body composition in boys. However to total cholesterol and LDL – c aerobic training is better in both genders.
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    Efeitos centrais e periféricos do tratamento repetido com leptina em ratos normais
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2006) Telles, Monica Marques [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Eliane Beraldi [UNIFESP]
    O hormônio adipocitário leptina exerce um papel fundamental na manutenção da homeostase energética, promovendo redução tanto da ingestão alimentar como da massa corporal. Diversos estudos indicam que o efeito anorexígeno da leptina decorre de sua ação sobre circuitos centrais envolvidos no controle do balanço energético. Entretanto, os mecanismos pelos quais a leptina exerce suas ações centrais ainda não se encontram totalmente elucidados. O presente estudo teve como um de seus objetivos avaliar se a leptina exerce seu efeito anorexígeno via ativação do sistema serotonérgico. Ratos Wistar normais foram tratados com 4 injeções i.c.v. diárias de 5μg ou lOμg de leptina (grupos Lep5 e LeplO) ou pré-tratados com veículo e acesso à alimentação pareada aos respectivos grupos tratados (PF5 e PF10). No quinto dia, os animais permaneceram em jejum e amostras de dialisato foram coletadas do hipotálamo lateral. Durante o experimento de microdiálise, todos os grupos receberam uma injeção aguda de veículo seguida, uma hora depois, de uma injeção aguda de leptina. o pré-tratamento com leptina i.c.v. promoveu redução significante da ingestão alimentar. Observamos que esta redução ocorreu de forma dose-dependente, já que em relação ao grupo Lep5, o grupo Lep10 apresentou redução significante do consumo alimentar nos dias 3 e 4 de pré-tratamento. Os níveis basais de serotonina (5-HT) hipotalâmica foram semelhantes entre os grupos, ao passo que os níveis de ácido 5-hidroxindolacético (5-HIAA) foram mais baixos nos grupos PF10 e Lep10. Tanto no grupo PF5 como no Lep5, os níveis de 5-HT permaneceram estáveis após a injeção de veículo ou leptina, enquanto os níveis de 5¬HIAA aumentaram, indicando um aumento da síntese de 5-HT. Os grupos PF10 e Lep 10 apresentaram respostas diferentes ao tratamento. No grupo PF10, os níveis de 5-HT caíram logo após a injeção do veículo sendo que a dose aguda de leptina não modificou este efeito. Por outro lado, as injeções agudas tanto de veículo como de leptina não promoveram alteração dos níveis de 5-HT no grupo Lep10. Os níveis de 5-HIAA permaneceram inalterados no grupo PF10 ao passo que aumentaram no grupo Lep 10. Estes dados indicam que o tratamento agudo com leptina, por si só, não promoveu um efeito estimulador direto sobre a liberação hipotalâmica de serotonina e que este padrão não foi modificado pelo pré-tratamento com a proteína. Contudo, numa situação de diminuição da atividade serotonérgica, como a decorrente de restrição alimentar drástica, o pré-tratamento com leptina preveniu a queda dos níveis hipotalâmicos de serotonina, provavelmente por estimular a síntese de 5-HT. É possível que, ao invés de agir diretamente sobre a transmissão serotonérgica, a leptina se contraponha aos fatores que levam à inibição serotonérgica após uma restrição alimentar. Este efeito poderia ser uma das vias pelas quais a leptina promove redução da ingestão alimentar. O segundo objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a leptina, ao agir no sistema nervoso central, afeta a expressão gênica de adipocinas. Para isto, utilizamos a técnica de Northern Blotting para avaliar a expressão gênica de leptina, adiponectina, PPARγ, resistina e LPL em amostras de tecido adiposo branco epididimal, retroperitoneal e subcutâneo, provenientes de animais dos grupos PF5, Lep5 e AL (ad libitum - tratados com CSF e com livre acesso ao alimento). O tratamento com leptina i.c.v. reduziu sua própria expressão nos depósitos de tecido adiposo branco epididimal e retroperitoneal. Observamos que este efeito ocorreu de forma depósito-dependente já que o tratamento não modificou a expressão de leptina no depósito subcutâneo. Por outro lado, a expressão gênica das demais adipocinas nos três depósitos de tecido adiposo analisados não foi modificada pelo tratamento. Nossos dados sugerem que ao agir centralmente, a leptina é capaz de controlar a sua própria expressão por meio de retroalimentação negativa. Contudo, nossos resultados indicam que as ações centrais da leptina não afetam a expressão gênica de adiponectina, PPARγ, resistina e LPL. É possível que doses mais elevadas de leptina promovam alteração da expressão gênica destas adipocinas.
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    Efeitos da ingestão de presas sobre o metabolismo energético e os níveis hormonais de cascavéis Crotalus durissus (Serpentes, Viperidae)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2014-04-28) Oliveira, Fernando Bagnariolli de [UNIFESP]; Carvalho, José Eduardo de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Snakes that have foraging strategy such as ?sit-and-wait? and consequently feed on infrequent mode are excellent models to study the transition between the period of fasting and postprandial. The period of ingestion is accompanied by profound changes metabolism, thus an investigation of hormones related to metabolism and an analysis of the capacity of enzymatic pathways could elucidate questions about the processes that regulate this transition from fasting to feed. In this sense we analyze the concentration of thyroid hormones present in the plasma of rattlesnakes Crotalus durissus addition and leptin in plasma in fasted conditions and after ingestion of prey. In the same period we also analyzed the metabolic capabilities through measures of maximum activity of enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogen synthase - GS), an enzyme of the gluconeogenesis pathway (fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase - FBPase), enzymes of ? -oxidation lipid (? - hydroxyacyl -CoA dehydrogenase - HOAD), enzyme and metabolic pathway of ketone bodies (succinyl - CoA cetotransferase - SKT b - hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase - HBDH) in tissue samples from liver, muscle, heart, kidney, stomach and intestine for fasted animals (45 and 90 days fasted) and after ingestion of the equivalent of 10 % of their body weight in mass of prey (24 hours, 48 hours and 120 hours). No different concentrations were found for the groups in the three hormones examined, T3, T4 e leptin. In the liver of rattlesnakes occurs regulation to form glycogen, analyzed by GS activity, in animals fed 48 hours after ingestion. Similar as result found in the kidney and muscle. With the exception of the heart, in all tissues there was a decrease in the ability to produce glucose from the gluconeogenesis, analyzed by FBPase in fasted animals for 90 days. In the heart there were also increased pathways of oxidation of lipids in fasted animals for 45 days, analyzed by HOAD, and increased metabolic pathway of ketone bodies in animals in 90 days fasting. These results suggest that although the hormones do not exert a regulatory role at least under the experimental conditions, the pathways analyzed by enzyme activities indicate possible points of regulations for times of fasting animals that foraging by ?sit-and-wait? strategies may face.
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    Efeitos da obesidade no sistema calicreína-cininas: estudo dos receptores B1 e B2 de cininas em tecido adiposo humano e murino
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2006-06-28) Hilzendeger, Aline Mourão [UNIFESP]; Pesquero, João Bosco [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objectives: To study the effect of obesity on the kallikrein-kinin system through the expression of receptors B1 and B2 on humans and mice, and alterations in the synthesis and functionality of the receptor in murine tissues. Methods: white human adipose tissue and different kinds of mice tissues were collected. RNA was extracted and the kinin receptors expression analyzed through a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tissues and organs such as stomach and aorta were used for protein extraction and physiological studies. By Western Blotting, receptor quantitation was studied. Stomach fungus and abdominal aorta were used to register isometric contractions to determine the potency and effectiveness of the agonists on obese and control mice. Increasing accumulating doses of bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin, B2 and B1 receptors agonists respectively, were applied. Results: In the real-time PCR experiments, the gene expression of the B1 and B2 receptors were altered in some tissues of the animals deficient for leptin, when compared to the control. In the white adipose tissue, aorta, liver, hypothalamus and stomach, the B1 receptor expression was increased, but in cardiac tissues and brown adipose tissue, it was decreased. The expression of B2 receptor was decreased in white adipose tissue and hypothalamus. In the other studied tissues, no changes was detected in the B2 receptor expression. In humans, these receptors were altered in obese individuals. The study was performed in human adipose tissue from two different regions of depots, visceral and subcutaneous. There was a tendency of different expression in the same tissue, but from different areas. In tissues from obese mice the response to the B2 and B1 agonists, bradykinin and des-Arg9-bradykinin, respectively, had a decreasing tendency. A significant decrease was observed in stomach fundus in response to the BK agonist. Such effects can be due to the increased weight and its consequences, such as chronic inflammation or diabetes type II, which is a pathology directly related to obesity. Conclusion: expression and functional analysis show that obesity affects kinin receptors in many different mouse tissues as well as in humans.