Navegando por Palavras-chave "Iron"

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    Avaliação do estado nutricional de ferro em indivíduos vegetarianos e onívoros
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-04-28) Friedrich, Luana [UNIFESP]; Nóbrega, Fernando José de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJETIVO: Avaliar, comparativamente, o estado nutricional de ferro de indivíduos vegetarianos e não vegetarianos, por meio de exames laboratoriais. MÉTODOS: Cinqüenta e nove indivíduos com idades entre 20 e 50 anos reuniram critérios de inclusão, consentiram em participar do estudo, sendo todas do sexo feminino. Série vermelha, ferritina sérica, transferrina e quantificação do consumo alimentar de ferro e vitamina C, foram análises realizadas para determinar o estado nutricional de ferro dos participantes. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se valor energético total (VET) ingerido semelhante nos dois grupos, o mesmo ocorrendo para o consumo de ferro, e valores da ferritina e transferrina sérica, além da série vermelha dos participantes. Em relação ao consumo de vitamina C, apresentaram-se níveis maiores para o grupo dos sem carne (SC). CONCLUSÕES: Dietas vegetarianas balanceadas não oferecem risco ao estado nutricional de ferro do indivíduo e, podem ser atendidas tanto qualitativa, como quantitativamente, desde que planejadas e acompanhadas por profissional especializado, já que este assunto é, ainda para muitos, desconhecido quanto a conduta com o paciente.
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    Bebida à base de soja e leite de vaca com e sem suplementação de frutooligossacarídeos: análise da absorção intestinal de cálcio e ferro em ratos recém-desmamados
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-05-30) Silva, Maisa de Lima Correia [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]; Speridião, Patrícia da Graça Leite [UNIFESP]; Oyama, Lila Missae [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7520873457028761; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7125541171554727; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5056114729141952; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484555515948905; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Considering the need for adequate intake of calcium and iron, especially for children, the present study is based on the argument that there is a loss in the bioavailability of calcium and iron in soy beverage and it may lead to deleterious effects to the health of this population, given the growing market demand for these soy beverages with appeal to the pediatric population as a substitute for cow's milk. Recent studies have shown the benefits associated with ingestion of prebiotics in mineral absorption. Objective: Verify the effect of the soy beverage in relation to cow's milk supplemented or not with FOS on possible mechanisms related to the intestinal absorption of calcium and iron. Material and Methods: On the first day, weanling male Wistar rats were divided into four similar groups for weight and length, receiving exclusively the following: 1) cow's milk without lactose (LV); 2) lactose-free cow's milk with FOS (0.8 g/100 mL) (LVF); 3) soy beverage (BS); and 4) soy beverage with FOS (0.8g/100mL) (BSF). During the experiment, weight and length were again analyzed, stool and urine collection was performed for 72 hours, and fecal occult blood was investigated in all animals. After 1 week, blood from the heart was collected and the animals were euthanized. The contents of the cecum, and the segments of the duodenum, cecum, colon and liver were removed. Dosages of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and 25(OH)D were performed. Protein expression of DMT-1 (Divalent Metal Transporter), ferroportin and Dcyt-b (Cytochrome B Reductase) in intestinal segments was evaluated by Western Blotting. The cecal pH and hepatic iron content were evaluated. Concentrations of sodium, urea and creatinine were determined in the urine. The carcasses were eviscerated and used for fat and protein determination. Results: At the end of the experiment, the hemoglobin of the LVF and BS groups was significantly higher when compared to the LV group (p=0.003 and p<0.001). The BSF group presented higher hemoglobin in comparison to the LVF group (p <0.001). The hematocrit in the LVF and BS groups was higher in relation to the LV group (p=0.010 and p<0.001) and the BSF group was higher in relation to the BS and LVF groups (p=0.013 and p<0.001). The apparent absorption of iron in the LV group was significantly higher when compared to the BS group (p<0.05) and in the LVF group it was higher in relation to the BSF group (p<0.05). The DMT-1 protein expression in the duodenum was significantly higher in the BSF group than the BS and LVF groups (p=0.005 and p=0.001). The apparent absorption and retention of calcium in the LV group was significantly higher when compared to the BS group (p<0.001), and the LVF group was higher in relation to the BSF group (p<0.001). 25(OH)D in the BS group was higher in comparison to the LV group (p=0.003), and the BSF group was higher in relation to the LVF group (p=0.032). The fresh stool weight of the BS and LVF groups were higher than in the LV group (p<0.001 and p<0.001), and in the BSF group was higher when compared to the BS and LVF groups (p=0.030 and p<0.001). The weight gain throughout the experiment was significantly higher in the LV group compared to the BS group (p=0.005) and in the LVF group compared to the BSF group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The intestinal absorption of calcium is lower with soy beverage than cow's milk. The group soy beverage had a higher concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit despite the lower apparent absorption of iron. Supplementation with FOS provided a beneficial effect on hemoglobin, hematocrit and protein expression of DMT-1- in the duodenum. Still, it was possible to verify a lower growth and elimination of a greater amount of feces associated with the use of soy beverage.
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    Caracterização das vias metabólicas alteradas na obesidade em múltiplos órgãos e sua relação com a homeostasia do ferro
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-11-27) Ferreira, Ana Paula de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Lee, Kil Sun [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7705881286363327; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7145788416755110
    A obesidade é uma síndrome metabólica cujo desenvolvimento está principalmente associado a fatores ambientais, mas também há influência de fatores genéticos. Tratando-se de uma síndrome de múltipla etiologia, diversas comorbidades estão associadas à obesidade, incluindo a deficiência de ferro (DF). A maior prevalência de DF na obesidade parece contraditória, uma vez que o micronutriente é essencial para a hipertrofia do tecido adiposo (TA). No entanto, a atividade endócrina do próprio TA induz a diminuição dos níveis sistêmicos de ferro por meio da liberação de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, que aumentam a expressão da hepcidina, o hormônio que reduz a absorção e reciclagem de ferro. Sabendo que o ferro é um importante micronutriente para diversas funções dos sistemas biológicos, como transporte de oxigênio e a produção de energia a nível celular, é possível especular que a DF atrelada à obesidade influencie o metabolismo de macronutrientes contribuindo para a piora da obesidade e comorbidades associadas. Além disso, já foram reportadas relações entre o status de ferro e a obesidade com alterações neurológicas importantes. Assim, este trabalho foi elaborado com o objetivo de investigar a relação entre a homeostasia de ferro e a obesidade em múltiplos órgãos, utilizando o modelo animal de obesidade leptina-deficiente. O soro, fígado, músculo, TA e cérebro de camundongos obesos foram coletados para as análises. Foi realizada dosagem de ferro nos tecidos e no soro através do ensaio de ferrozina. Utilizando kits comerciais foi quantificado glicose, ureia, triglicerídeos e colesteróis circulantes no soro animal. Por fim, verificou-se a expressão de proteínas importantes no metabolismo através do Western Blot. Diferente do esperado, nossos resultados demonstram um aumento do ferro sérico em animais obesos, possivelmente relacionado à menor captação de ferro pelo fígado, principal órgão estoque de ferro, que apresentou uma redução em nível de ferritina (FTH). Apesar do aumento de ferro sistêmico, não houve alteração na concentração do micronutriente no encéfalo. Também se observou modificações no perfil de metabólitos circulantes que, ao atingirem o sistema nervoso central (SNC), induziu o aumento na expressão de NMDAR no hipocampo, que pode estar atrelado a lesões neuronais na região por excitotoxicidade.
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    Chronic hepatitis C: hepatic iron content does not correlate with response to antiviral therapy
    (Instituto de Medicina Tropical, 2009-12-01) Pereira, Patrícia da Silva Fucuta [UNIFESP]; Souza e Silva, Ivonete Sandra de [UNIFESP]; Uehara, Silvia Naomi de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Emori, Christini Takemi [UNIFESP]; Lanzoni, Valeria Pereira [UNIFESP]; Silva, Antonio Eduardo Benedito [UNIFESP]; Ferraz, Maria Lucia Cardoso Gomes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The complex interaction between hepatitis C virus infection, iron homeostasis and the response to antiviral treatment remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hepatic iron concentration (HIC) on the sustained virological response (SVR) to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. A total of 50 patients who underwent pretreatment liver biopsy with assessment of HIC by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and were subsequently submitted to antiviral treatment with interferon/peginterferon and ribavirin were included in the study. Patients with alcoholism, history of multiple blood transfusion, chronic kidney disease, hemolytic anemia and parenteral iron therapy were excluded. The iron related markers and HIC were compared between those who achieved an SVR and non-responders (NR) patients. The mean age was 45.7 years and the proportion of patients' gender was not different between SVR and NR patients. The median serum iron was 138 and 134 µg/dL (p = 0.9), the median serum ferritin was 152.5 and 179.5 ng/mL (p = 0.87) and the median HIC was 9.9 and 8.2 µmol/g dry tissue (p = 0.51), for SVR and NR patients, respectively. Thus, hepatic iron concentration, determined by a reliable quantitative method, was not a negative predictive factor of SVR in patients with chronic hepatitis C presenting mild to moderate hepatic iron accumulation.
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    Comments on the paper High doses of riboflavin and the elimination of dietary red meat promote the recovery of some motor functions in Parkinson's disease patients. C.G. Coimbraand V.B.C. Junqueira. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 36: 1409-1417, 2003
    (Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2004-09-01) Ferraz, Henrique Ballalai [UNIFESP]; Quagliato, Elizabeth Maria Aparecida Barasnevicius; Rieder, Carlos Roberto de Mello; Silva, Delson Jose; Teive, Helio Afonso Ghizoni; Barbosa, Egberto Reis; Cardoso, Francisco; Limongi, Joao Carlos Papaterra; Bezerra, Jose Marcelo Ferreira [UNIFESP]; Andrade, Luiz Augusto Franco de [UNIFESP]; Allam, Nasser; Prado, R.c.p.; Tumas, Vitor; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Setor de Distúrbios do Movimento; Universidade Federal de Goiás Hospital das Clínicas Centro de Transtornos do Movimento; Universidade Federal do Paraná Hospital das Clínicas Setor de Distúrbios do Movimento; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Setor de Distúrbios do Movimento; Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro and Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Movimento; Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo; Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Movimento; Universidade Federal de Sergipe Hospital Universitário Ambulatório de Parkinson e Distúrbios do Movimento
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    Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos para determinação elementar em coagulantes de ferro (III) utilizados no tratamento de água para consumo humano
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-08-26) Trugillo, Denise Akemi Fernandes Takahashi [UNIFESP]; Naozuka, Juliana [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    The increasing pollution of water resources has been causing the necessity off add increasing quantities and varieties of chemicals, such as coagulants, in the water treatment for human consumption. Consequently, it is indispensable the quality monitoring of these products, considering the risk of introducing into this water undesirable and / or harmful characteristics to human health. Therefore, the work proposal was the development of a method with minimal treatment of the sample for determination of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) as contaminants, and iron (Fe) as an active principle in iron (III) coagulants by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF). For the determination of Fe, the objective was to evaluate different drying agents to promote the sample immobilization into TXRF discs. The contaminants Cr and Pb were determined after Fe extraction from the matrix, by precipitation reactions to eliminate spectral interferences. The results obtained for Fe, Cr and Pb by TXRF were in agreement with the values obtained by ICP OES, applying test-T and considering 95 % confidence level. A method of Fe determination in coagulants by TXRF, minimizing the sample preparation steps, reducing significantly operation and process costs, increasing the analytical frequency and using a “plug and play”. Besides this. the TXRF demonstrated to be promising for Cr and Pb determination in coagulants, needing to optimize the Fe removing process.
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    Desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos visando a especiação de ferro em águas com detecção por imagens digitais
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2021-08-20) Lima, Leon de Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Naozuka, Juliana [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5893830039262141; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6055289064159486
    A determinação da concentração de Fe é uma importante informação para avaliação da qualidade da água. As propriedades organolépticas da água, tais como cor e sabor podem variar em função da concentração de Fe, além de ocasionar problema de desenvolvimento de depósitos em canalizações e aparecimento de bactérias associadas a Fe(II), chamadas de ferro-bactérias, provocando a contaminação biológica da água na própria rede de distribuição. Por estes motivos, o Fe constitui um padrão de potabilidade, tendo sido estabelecida a concentração limite de 2,4 mg L-1 na Portaria 2.914 do Ministério da Saúde. No Estado de São Paulo, estabelece-se o limite de 15 mg L-1 para a concentração de ferro solúvel (Fe(II)) em efluentes descarregados na rede coletora de esgotos seguidos de tratamento. É importante identificar as espécies de Fe em ambientes aquáticos, principalmente as espécies com diferentes estados de oxidação, uma vez que apresentam diferentes biodisponibilidades e podem alterar propriedades físico-químicas e toxicológicas de outros elementos e substâncias orgânicas no meio. Desta forma, estudos de especiação química são de suma importância e, portanto, o presente trabalho visou desenvolver métodos para a determinação da concentração total de Fe e das espécies inorgânicas de Fe (Fe(II) e Fe(III)) em amostras de águas naturais (doce, subterrânea, de mar e mineral), após reações de complexação e óxido-redução, e utilizando imagens digitais adquiridas por smartphone. O uso de imagens digitais permitiu a quantificação em água de torneira, pois não foram observadas interferências, com recuperações de 108 e 98 %, após derivatização com tiocianato ou fenantrolina, respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram que as concentrações de Fe total e inorgânico ficaram abaixo do limite de detecção (LOD), após complexação com tiocianato (0,0130 mg L-1) ou com fenantrolina (0,0272 mg L-1), utilizando imagens digitais. Por fim, ficou evidenciado que as concentrações de Fe nas amostras estiveram abaixo do limite máximo permitido para águas naturais (1 mg L-1), de acordo com a norma estadual e do limite de padrão de potabilidade para consumo humano (2,4 mg L-1) pela norma nacional vigente. Assim, as principais vantagens no uso de imagens digitais são praticidade, rapidez, baixo custo, minimização do uso de reagentes e na geração de resíduos, e possibilidade de portabilidade.
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    Determinação da teor de proteínas e da concentração total e concentração bioacessível de Fe e Zn em castanha de caju (Anacardium ocidentale L.)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2018-03-28) Xavier, Alexsandra Dias de Souza [UNIFESP]; Nascimento, Angerson Nogueira do [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    This project aimed to quantify the total and bioaccessible fraction of iron and zinc; extracting and quantifying the protein fractions (albumins, globulins, glutamines and prolamins) associated with these elements; subjecting them to the acetone precipitation step and analyzing the iron and zinc fraction associated to proteins (metalloproteins) and also their bioaccessible fractions. The total amount of these metals was evaluated by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), using a validated method that was verified by following merits figures: linear working range, LOD, LOQ, matrix effect evaluation and evaluation of the certified material. The total concentration of Fe and Zn in cashew nut was 55.0 ± 1.2 mg kg-1 and 41.0 ± 0.1 mg kg-1 , respectively. The bioaccessibility essay was done in the sample and the results showed that 36% of Fe and 32% of Zn was bioaccessible. The total protein concentration was determined by an elemental analyzer (CNHS) and the fractions, obtained from a sequential extraction procedure (albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins), was done by Bradford’s method. The results obtained by CNHS showed that cashew nut has 22.1% of total proteins. However, the content obtained from sequential extraction showed that 16.5% of albumins, 6.9% of globulins, 8% of glutelins and 0.1% of prolamins. The determination of Fe and Zn by FAAS in each extracts reveals that 16% of Fe may be associated with albumins, 37% with globulins and only 8.4% of this analyte was associated to glutelin. For zinc there was 21.5% in albumin extract solution, 11.71% associated with globulins, 4.73% with glutelins, and the Zn content in the solution containing prolamins was below LD. The results obtained from evaluation of bioaccesibility of Fe and Zn in precipitated obtained after a coagulation process with acetone showed that a small quantity of these elements was bioaccessible. Therefore, a part of these metals remain associated with proteins even after the simulated digestion process and are not bioaccessible.
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    Efeito de uma mistura de fibras solúveis e insolúveis no crescimento e na absorção de ferro de ratos em recuperação de anemia ferropriva
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2008) Weber, Thabata Koester [UNIFESP]; Morais, Mauro Batista de [UNIFESP]
    Objetivos: Comparar 0 efeito de uma mistura de fibras alimentares solúveis (60%) e insolúveis (40%) no crescimento e na absorção intestinal de ferro em ratos em recuperação de anemia ferropriva em relação a ração sem fibra alimentar, avaliando 0 peso e umidade fecal e 0 pH cecal. Métodos: Ratos machos Wistar (n=22) desmamados aos 21 dias foram alimentados com ração AIN93-G sem ferro até a indução de anemia ferropriva com hemoglobina < 7,0 g/dL. Os ratos anemicos foram divididos em dois grupos: 1) Grupo Mistura de fibras (polissacarídeo de soja, inulina, amido resistente, goma arábica, frutooligossacarídeo e celulose - Stimulance, Support®, produzido no Brasil) - 100 g de fibras alimentares/Kg de ração ; 2) Grupo Controle - ração sem fibra alimentar. Em todas as rações foram adicionados 30 mg de ferro elementar/kg de ração para praporcionar recuperação da anemia ferropriva. Resultados: Os valores da hemoglobina no início do experimento eram semelhantes nos dois grupos. Nos grupos Mistura de Fibras e Controle 0 incremento da hemoglobina final foi respectivamente: 4,8 ± 1,2 e 4,4 ± 1,0 (p=0,397) e hemoglobina final foi: 10,5 ± 1,4 and 10,2 ± 1,1g/dL (p=0,504). Os níveis de ferro hepático do tecido seco, na mesma ordem, foram: 188,7 ± 42,3 e 172,2 ± 58,0μg/g (p=0,454). A absorção intestinal aparente do ferro foi respectivamente: 46,2 ± 16,5 e 47,2 ± 10,2% (p=0,861). A mediana do peso fresco das fezes de três dias foi: 6,17g para 0 grupo Mistura de fibras e 2,11g para 0 contraIe (p<0,001), não foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante para umidade fecal. 0 pH cecal foi, respectivamente: 6,1 ±0,6 e 7,1 ±0,3 (p<0,001). Os grupos consumiram quantidades similares de ração e a evolução do peso e do comprimento corporal foram semelhantes nos dois grupos estudados. Conclusão: A mistura de fibras estudada não influenciou 0 crescimento nem a absorção intestinal de ferro dos ratos em recuparação de anemia ferropriva. 0 consumo dessa mistura favoreceu 0 aumento do peso fecal e diminuição do pH cecal.
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    Effect of root age on the allocation of metals, amino acids and sugars in different cell fractions of the perennial grass Paspalum notatum (bahiagrass)
    (Elsevier B.V., 2011-12-01) Nabais, Cristina; Labuto, Georgia [UNIFESP]; Goncalves, Susana C.; Buscardo, Erika; Semensatto, Decio [UNIFESP]; Nogueira, Ana Rita A.; Freitas, Helena; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Coimbra; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
    This work aimed to compare the allocation of Al, Fe, Cu, Ni, amino acids and sugars in different fractions of root cells of Paspalum notatum with 21 and 120 days old grown in quartz sand. in general younger roots showed a higher content of Al, Fe, Cu Ni, amino acids and sugars, compared to older roots. This can be due to a higher metabolic activity of younger roots and/or to structural changes that can occur with cell ageing. Al and Fe were mainly allocated to fractions with pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose, both in younger and older roots. However, older roots also showed a significant fraction of Al allocated to the intracellular fraction. It seems that older roots were less able to prevent the entry of Al in the cytoplasm. the proportion of Cu was higher in intracellular components, both in younger and older roots, as expected from an essential nutrient. Ni content was very low in older roots and in younger roots it was mainly allocated to the intracellular fraction and to the cell wall polysaccharides fraction. the amino acids were mainly allocated to the cytoplasm and polysaccharide fraction. Although younger roots showed a higher total amount of amino acids compared to older roots, the amino acids profile and allocation, mainly in the cytoplasm polysaccharides, was quite similar. Arabinose, a major component of structural glycoproteins of the primary cell wall matrix, was only detected in younger roots. Thus, it seems that root cells of P notatum suffered changes in the composition of the cell wall components with ageing. To further understand the structural changes of root cells with ageing and its effect on metal allocation, it is important to quantify several components of the cell wall matrix, namely pectins and glycoproteins. (C) 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    The Effects of Physical Exercise on the Serum Iron Profile in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
    (Humana Press Inc, 2012-02-01) Frank, Miriam K. [UNIFESP]; Esteves, Andrea Maculano [UNIFESP]; Lopes, Cleide [UNIFESP]; Cavagnolli, Daniel A. [UNIFESP]; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the profile of serum iron in spontaneously hypertensive rats after an aerobic physical exercise. To accomplish this, 12 normotensive Wistar rats and 12 spontaneously hypertensive rats were distributed into physical exercise and no physical exercise groups. the animals in the physical exercise group underwent to an aerobic exercise for a total of 4 weeks. Blood was collected for the analysis of iron. Our results indicate that rats of the physical exercise group had significantly lower serum iron levels after the aerobic exercise protocol compared to the spontaneously hypertensive rats no physical exercise group (F ((3,16)) = 4.4915, p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between no physical exercise groups. the results indicated that the difference in iron may be due to an increased demand for iron, prompted by chronic physical exercise. in addition, erythrocytosis has been associated with increased blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, suggesting that iron reduction may be related to decreased blood pressure in these animals.
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    Especiação química de Fe e Se em brotos de feijão azuki: avaliação de processo de enriquecimento
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2017-05-25) Oliveira, Aline Pereira de [UNIFESP]; Naozuka, Juliana [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) is among the bean species most used and recommended for cultivation and consumption of sprouts. Therefore, considering the nutritional benefits in the consumption of the adzuki bean sprouts and the importance of Fe and Se for human nutrition, strategies to enrich the edible part of this plant with these elements are essentials. However, it should be evaluated if the edible part of the enriched plant presents the same morphological and chemical characteristics of the food cultivated in natural conditions. For this, in this work was evaluated the absorption, accumulation and translocation of Fe and Se in adzuki bean sprouts cultivated in enriched medium with different masses and species of Fe (FeSO4, FeCl3 and NaFe(III)-EDTA) and Se (Na2SeO3 and Na2SeO4), as well as mixtures of Fe and Se. Beside this, it was verified the enrichment effects in: (1) total concentration of essential elements (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, P, S, Se e Zn); (2) distribution of albumin, globulin, prolamin and glutelin; (3) distribution of metalloproteins of Fe and selenoproteins; (4) concentration of Fe (soluble and inorganic) and Se (organic and inorganic) species and (5) elemental bioaccessibility. The results indicated that the enrichment with Fe(III)-EDTA favored the translocation to the aerial part of the plant and increased 75 % the Fe concentration in the stem, besides promoting Fe interactions with albumins (141 %), globulins (180 %) and glutelins (93 %). For the enrichment adding 100 μg of Se to the culture medium, sprouts with morphological characteristics identical to the control group were obtained and the translocation to the stem using Se (VI) was 786 % higher than Se (IV), but the percentage of Se associated to protein (albumins, globublins, prolamins and glutelins) was 100 % (Se(IV)) and 35 % (Se(VI)). In the evaluation of competition between Fe and Se adding both simultaneously to the culture medium, there were no competitions between these elements in the edible part of the plant. Based on the methods proposed for speciation of Fe (soluble and inorganic), it was verified that the enrichment with Fe increased the concentration of soluble Fe (50 %) and inorganic Fe (145 %). In the speciation of Se (organic and inorganic) in the edible part of the sprouts enriched with Se (VI), 92 % of the total Se concentration corresponded to hydrophilic organic species, which are more bioavailable and less toxic when compared to the inorganic species. In the bioaccessibility study for enriched sprouts, Fe and Se were 83 and 100 % bioaccessible, respectively. Additionally, it is important to point out that enrichment strategies did not decrease the bioaccessibility of the most elements studied when compared to the control group. Therefore, the proposed enrichment procedures with Fe and Se are a good alternative to help in the reduction of Fe and Se deficiencies, as well as to maintain the recommended daily intake.
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    Estado nutricional em ferro, hepcidina e marcador de inflamação em adolescentes com excesso de peso
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-04-27) Lopes, Aline Ladeira de Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio Amancio [UNIFESP]; Braga, Josefina Aparecida Pellegrini [UNIFESP]; Lopes, Luiz Anderson [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7871134559242716; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7645872510889651; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8832817042816318; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0779320584500127; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional em ferro, os valores de hepcidina e de marcador inflamatório em adolescentes com excesso de peso. Métodos: Estudo transversal, prospectivo, controlado, por amostra de conveniência, em indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica, do estadiamento puberal, da dieta quanto ao consumo e à biodisponibilidade de ferro e avaliação bioquímica de ferro, hepcidina e de marcadores inflamatórios. Resultados: Os valores bioquímicos de acordo com o IMC mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante entre o grupo eutrófico e o grupo obeso para a proteína C reativa, guardando relação direta com a adiposidade. Em termos absolutos, apresentaram, em relação à adiposidade, tendência de relação inversa para o ferro sérico e tendência de relação direta para a ferritina sérica. O estadiamento puberal não interferiu nas concentrações bioquímicas de ferro, ferritina, hepcidina, PCR e hemoglobina em nenhum grupo. Os valores médios da ingestão dietética de ferro e de fatores promotores da absorção do ferro mostraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos. Em relação à biodisponibilidade de ferro na dieta consumida, 73,2% dos indivíduos estudados apresentaram uma dieta com alta biodisponibilidade e a classificação da biodisponibilidade não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com excesso de peso apresentam exames bioquímicos indicando processo inflamatório crônico e 12,5% deles com alteração no estado nutricional em ferro e valores elevados de hepcidina, corroborando a importância desta no metabolismo do ferro na obesidade.
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    Estado nutricional, ferro, cobre e zinco em escolares de favelas da cidade de São Paulo
    (Associação Médica Brasileira, 2007-08-01) Santos, Elisabete B. [UNIFESP]; Amancio, Olga Maria Silverio [UNIFESP]; Oliva, Carlos A.g. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the anthropometry, body composition and iron, copper and zinc nutritional status, according to gender, of institutionalized children and adolescents living in two shantytowns in the city of São Paulo. METHODS: A cross sectional study using weight, height, arm circumference, skinfolds, electrical bioimpedance, Z scores for the relationships: height to age, body mass index, middle-upper arm circumference, muscle area of the arm and fat area of the arm was carried out; the body fat and lean mass percentages were analyzed according to the formulas proposed by Siri and Slaughter. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron ferritin, copper and zinc were determined. RESULTS: Body weight, middle-upper arm circumference, triceps and subescapular skinfolds, electric resistance, Z scores of the arm area, muscle area of the arm, and body fat percentage of girls were higher in relation to boys. Low stature was found in 8% of the girls and in 5.6% of the boys, without differences according to gender. There was a lower prevalence of malnutrition (2% of the girls and 5.6% of the boys), than of overweight and obesity (30% and 11.2%, respectively). Anemia was observed in 24.4% and iron deficiency in 10.5% of the schoolchildren with or without anemia. Values were below the lower limit of the reference standard for serum copper and zinc, respectively, for 3 and 7 individuals. CONCLUSION: In the studied population, institutionalized and of low social economic level, a process of nutritional transition and high prevalence of anemia takes place which does not result from an interaction of iron, copper and zinc.
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    Estratégias de fortificação de ferro na prevenção da anemia ferropriva em ambiente escolar: um estudo de revisão
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-09-06) Juliao, Laiz [UNIFESP]; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Iron deficiency anemia is considered the most important nutritional disease in the world, especially in childhood. Within this context, the promotion of healthy habits, combined with the set of intervention strategies and programs in the school environment can combat and prevent anemia. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature on strategies for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in schoolchildren and the impact of these strategies on population health. The databases National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Google Scholar and manual search in the references selected for the review were searched. We included original studies describing results regarding prevention or treatment in preschoolers and schoolchildren who received some type of supplementation or interventions aimed at the prevention or treatment of iron deficiency anemia in school settings. Eight studies were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Interventions had a heterogeneous duration (2 to 24 months), and all of them used food fortification or iron water to improve hemoglobin levels and reduce the prevalence of anemia in children of pre-school age. We observed that, regardless of the dose, the time of administration and the strategy used, the results were positive and showed that fortification of foods in a school environment can be a potential facilitator for the prevention of anemia and improvement of children's hemoglobin levels in the first childhood, which are considered the most susceptible groups.
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    Estudo comparativo da palha de café, bagaço da cana-de-açúcar e quitosana comercial para remoção de metais, como ferro e zinco em meio aquoso
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2017-06-20) Tanikoshi, Mario Bruno Faioli [UNIFESP]; Mercuri, Lucildes Pita [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The present work has as main objective the accomplishment of a comparative study between three different biomasses, the coffee straw (PC), the sugarcane bagasse (BC) and the commercial chitosan (QTS-C) applied as adsorbents to act in the removal of iron and zinc. The adsorption tests were performed on a fixed bed column. The process consisted of three steps: (1st) conditioning the bed with 10 mL of Milli-Q water; (2nd) adsorption, where 10 mL of the solution was added with known metal concentration and (3rd) washing with the addition of another 10 mL of Milli-Q water in the column. The process was repeated for four different concentrations of iron (0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.50 ppm) and zinc (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ppm). At all stages, metal concentrations were quantified using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) technique. The biomass samples used in the tests were characterized using the following techniques: thermogravimetry/thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elemental analysis (AE), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR) And X-ray diffractometry. In all samples quantified by FAAS, it was observed that, even with the increase of the initial concentrations of the solutions, the final concentrations after passage through the biomass did not increase, indicating the removal of the metal ion by biomass. Concentration change tests showed that PC could adsorb a value of 0.84 mg.g-1 iron and QTS-C 0.92 mg.g-1 zinc. The TG/DTG techniques helped to confirm the residual percentages present in each sample. This showed that, with increasing initial concentrations, higher residual percentages were observed. Faced with this observation. It can be reported that the biomasses were effective for the retention of these metal ions present in the solution.
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    Fortifying pork liver mixture: Evaluation of protein quality and iron bioavailability - Part 2
    (Pontifícia Universidade Católica Campinas, 2017) Srebernich, Silvana Mariana; Gonçalves, Gisele Mara Silva; Domene, Semíramis Martins Álvares [UNIFESP]
    Objective To evaluate the protein quality and iron bioavailability of a fortifying mixture based on pork liver. Methods Determinations of protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, true digestibility and hemoglobin regeneration efficiency by depletion and repletion were performed. In the depletion phase, the animals (male Wistar rats) received an iron-free AIN-93G diet and in the repletion phase they received the following diets: standard AIN-93G diet, fortifying mixture and standard diet containing heptahydrated ferrous sulfate for comparison. Results For standard AIN-93G diet and fortifying mixture the results were 3.75 and 4.04 for protein efficiency ratio and 3.53 and 3.63 for net protein retention, showing that the presence of pork liver in the diet promoted an increase in protein efficiency ratio and net protein retention (not statistically significant). True digestibility results obtained with the fortifying mixture (97.16%) were higher than those obtained with the standard AIN-93G diet (casein), but without significant difference. The hemoglobin regeneration efficiency values obtained for standard AIN-93G diet, fortifying mixture and standard diet containing heptahydrated ferrous sulfate were 50.69, 31.96 and 29.96%, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference between the control (standard AIN-93G diet) and test (fortifying mixture and standard diet containing heptahydrated ferrous sulfate) samples, but not between the test samples. Conclusion The fortifying mixture showed a high protein efficiency ratio value of 4.04 and a high relative biological value (108%) and it can be added to soups, creams and meats in day-care centers for the prevention of iron-deficiency in children of school age.
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    Hematological Variables and Iron Status in Abdominoplasty After Bariatric Surgery
    (Springer, 2013-01-01) Montano-Pedroso, Juan Carlos [UNIFESP]; Garcia, Elvio Bueno [UNIFESP]; Omonte, Ivan René Viana [UNIFESP]; Rocha, Mario Guilherme Cesca [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Lydia Masako [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Abdominoplasty, the treatment for abdominal wall deformity stemming from weight loss after bariatric surgery, can cause postoperative anemia. Moreover, bariatric surgery has been associated with iron deficiency, which by itself can compromise erythropoiesis. the objective of this research is to describe the development of anemia after postbariatric abdominoplasty.The study group consisted of 32 adult women who had received bariatric surgery. Treatment group included 20 patients who were undergoing postbariatric abdominoplasty. Control group included 12 patients waiting for abdominoplasty. Values of hemoglobin, reticulocytes, iron, ferritin, and the transferrin saturation were obtained on the evening before abdominoplasty and during the first, fourth, and eighth postoperative weeks. Hemoglobin was measured at 48 h.Mean hemoglobin levels for treatment group decreased from 12.98 to 10.8 g/dL after 48 h, increased on day 7 to 11.53 g/dL, but did not increase further after day 7. the reticulocyte number increased in the first week. Serum iron and transferrin saturation index fell during the first week and remained low. Ferritin levels increased non-significantly from 29.77 to 37.24 ng/mL at week 1, then fell until they were decreased (16.44 ng/mL) by day 56.As expected, hemoglobin fell after abdominoplasty. However, after a one-third recovery of hemoglobin concentrations by week 1 postoperative, they failed to return to preoperative levels by the eighth week. Additionally, by the eighth postoperative week, 45 % of abdominoplasty patients had developed an iron deficiency and hemoglobin deficit that was higher than that of patients who maintained normal iron stocks.
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    High doses of riboflavin and the elimination of dietary red meat promote the recovery of some motor functions in Parkinson's disease patients
    (Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2003-10-01) Coimbra, Cicero Galli [UNIFESP]; Junqueira, Virginia Berlanga Campos [UNIFESP]; Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo Setor de Neurologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); VITÆ Cromatografia Líquida em Análises Clínicas S/C Ltda.
    Abnormal riboflavin status in the absence of a dietary deficiency was detected in 31 consecutive outpatients with Parkinson's disease (PD), while the classical determinants of homocysteine levels (B6, folic acid, and B12) were usually within normal limits. In contrast, only 3 of 10 consecutive outpatients with dementia without previous stroke had abnormal riboflavin status. The data for 12 patients who did not complete 6 months of therapy or did not comply with the proposed treatment paradigm were excluded from analysis. Nineteen PD patients (8 males and 11 females, mean age ± SD = 66.2 ± 8.6 years; 3, 3, 2, 5, and 6 patients in Hoehn and Yahr stages I to V) received riboflavin orally (30 mg every 8 h) plus their usual symptomatic medications and all red meat was eliminated from their diet. After 1 month the riboflavin status of the patients was normalized from 106.4 ± 34.9 to 179.2 ± 23 ng/ml (N = 9). Motor capacity was measured by a modification of the scoring system of Hoehn and Yahr, which reports motor capacity as percent. All 19 patients who completed 6 months of treatment showed improved motor capacity during the first three months and most reached a plateau while 5/19 continued to improve in the 3- to 6-month interval. Their average motor capacity increased from 44 to 71% after 6 months, increasing significantly every month compared with their own pretreatment status (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Discontinuation of riboflavin for several days did not impair motor capacity and yellowish urine was the only side effect observed. The data show that the proposed treatment improves the clinical condition of PD patients. Riboflavin-sensitive mechanisms involved in PD may include glutathione depletion, cumulative mitochondrial DNA mutations, disturbed mitochondrial protein complexes, and abnormal iron metabolism. More studies are required to identify the mechanisms involved.
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    Implementação da estratégia NUTRISUS: a experiência de quem fez
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-04-10) Oliveira, Gabriele Caldas de [UNIFESP]; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6104429791974852; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3629099992025146; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Entre as causas de anemia em mulheres e crianças no mundo, aproximadamente 50% e 42% respectivamente estão relacionadas à deficiência de ferro, podendo variar de acordo com a região. Crianças entre os 6-24 meses passam a necessitar de fontes de ferro adicionais advindas da alimentação para suprir a demanda devido ao intenso crescimento nessa faixa etária. Quando há consumo insuficiente de alimentos-fonte de ferro e/ou de baixa biodisponibilidade aumenta o risco para a ocorrência de anemia por deficiência de ferro. As intervenções com micronutrientes em pó (MNP) trazem uma alternativa para a adição de ferro e outros micronutrientes na nutrição infantil permitindo a fortificação de qualquer alimento semissólido em diversos locais. A partir de 2014 o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) incorpora a Estratégia NutriSUS: fortificação da alimentação infantil com micronutrientes (vitaminas e minerais) em pó como uma de suas ações e passa a ser implementada em Unidades de Educação Infantil (UEI) do Brasil para crianças na faixa etária de 6 a 48 meses. Em políticas públicas, a avaliação da etapa de implementação é uma importante ferramenta que permite transformação e aprendizado da política e stakeholders de modo a trazer benefícios para a sociedade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a experiência de implementação da Estratégia NutriSUS: fortificação da alimentação infantil com micronutrientes (vitaminas e minerais) em pó nas Unidades de Educação Infantil da Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista (RMBS). Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado nos municípios que implementaram a Estratégia NutriSUS no ano de 2015 na RMBS. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 23 UEI de dois municípios da região. Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram quatro questionários direcionados para os responsáveis pela Estratégia na Secretaria de Educação e de Saúde de cada município e para os gestores de unidade e funcionários responsáveis pela administração do sachê de cada UEI. Também foram produzidos diários de campo após cada entrevista realizada. A análise dos dados qualitativos foi feita por meio da análise de conteúdo temática e dos dados quantitativos por meio da frequência para descrever a amostra e as respostas das questões fechadas. Com a avaliação foi possível identificar que a implementação da Estratégia NutriSUS na RMBS foi considerada uma experiência negativa pelos implementadores. Duas questões foram importantes influenciadoras das considerações negativas quanto a essa experiência: a falta de intersetorialidade e a comunicação malsucedida para a introdução da Estratégia. Não houve um trabalho de sensibilização e comunicação efetivo para a introdução da Estratégia NutriSUS e a intersetorialidade prevista na formulação da ação não foi efetuada em sua implementação. Identificou-se compreensão das necessidades nutricionais específicas da faixa etária do público alvo, porém mantinham-se dúvidas quanto à fortificação com micronutrientes em pó. A avaliação dessa experiência de implementação construiu hipóteses sobre a recepção e construção da Estratégia NutriSUS pelos implementadores da RMBS e oferece ferramentas para o desenvolvimento dessa política pública, além de servir como fundação para novas avaliações.