Navegando por Palavras-chave "Intrauterine undernutrition"

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    Estudos in vitro da participação da leptina em células endoteliais pulmonares de ratos nutridos e desnutridos intrauterinamente
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2014-03-02) Santos, Leila Aparecida dos [UNIFESP]; Landgraf, Richardt Gama [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Studies suggest that intrauterine malnutrition can "program" the fetal tissues making them more prone to disorders associated with food, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases in adulthood , and induce changes in the immune response and inflammatory. Leptin, the main hormone secreted by adipose tissue, has a pleiotropic action, working in various systems such as the regulation of energy balance, reproduction, hematopoiesis, lymphopoiesis and has a modulating action of the immune system. Pulmonary endothelial cells were obtained from Wistar rats, male or intrauterine undernourished fed rats at 12 weeks of age. These cells were stimulated with leptin or LPS or leptin plus LPS, furthermore, cells with no stimulus were used as controls. Two hours after stimulation, production of inflammatory mediators PGE2, LTB4, IL1?, TNF? and the expression of ERK ½, and leptin receptors were analyzed. We observed that expression of the leptin receptor is 63 % lower in primary cultures of endothelial cells derived from intrauterine undernourished rats. Leptin alone did not induce any change in levels of inflammatory mediators evaluated, whereas LPS increased levels of PGE2 (250 %) and LTB4 (29%). Only endothelial cells of rats fed LPS administration + leptin production increased lipid mediators compared to LPS group (PGE 2 - and LTB4 28 % - 18%). The assay for IL1? showed that only cells from the control animals showed expression of IL1?. The expression of TNF and activation of ERK ½ showed a contradictory result because only the endothelial cells from the malnourished animals showed higher expression and activation, respectively. This result may suggest an expression of TNFa stimulation via LPS via another receptor with activation of ERK. These results suggest that the lower expression of the leptin receptor in lung endothelial cells in intrauterine undernourished rats could negatively modulate lipid mediator production in these cells.
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    Gender difference in the effect of intrauterine malnutrition on the central anorexigenic action of insulin in adult rats
    (Elsevier B.V., 2006-11-01) Sardinha, Fatima Lucia de Carvalho [UNIFESP]; Telles, Monica Marques [UNIFESP]; Albuquerque, Kelse Tibau de [UNIFESP]; Oyama, Lila Missae [UNIFESP]; Guimarães, Paulo Afonso Monteiro Pacheco [UNIFESP]; Santos, Oscar Fernando Pavão dos [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Eliane Beraldi [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
    Objective: We evaluated whether insulin hypophagia and hypothalamic signaling are affected in adult rats exposed to intrauterine undernutrition.Methods: Pregnant rats ate ad libitum throughout pregnancy and lactation (control, C) or 50% of control intake in the first 2 wk of pregnancy (restricted, R). Four-month-old C and R progeny received insulin or vehicle intracerebroventricular injections for evaluation of 24-h food intake, hypothalamic insulin receptor (IR), and IR substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein content and tyrosine phosphorylation, pp185 phosphorylation, and IRS-1 association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K).Results: With respect to males, R males had normal body composition and insulin-induced hypophagia. IR protein levels were lower but IR phosphorylation was higher in R than in C males. IRS-1 levels and phosphorylation were similar between C and R males, insulin stimulated an IRS-1/PI3-K association in C but not in R males, and pp185 phosphorylation was higher in R than in C males. for females, body fat and serum leptin were elevated in R females. Insulin inhibited food intake in C but not in R females. Insulin-induced IR phosphorylation and protein levels of IR and IRS-1 were higher in R than in C females. However, IRS-1 and pp185 phosphorylation and IRS-1/PI3-K association were significantly stimulated by insulin in C but not in R females.Conclusions: Female adult rats exposed to intrauterine undernutrition had increased adiposity, marked impairment of hypothalamic insulin signaling, and loss of insulin-induced hypophagia. These disturbances were less severe or even absent in male progeny. the findings show that female progeny are more susceptible than their male siblings to the effects of maternal malnutrition. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Intrauterine Undernourishment Alters TH1/TH2 Cytokine Balance and Attenuates Lung Allergic Inflammation in Wistar Rats
    (Karger, 2012-01-01) Landgraf, Maristella de Almeida [UNIFESP]; Landgraf, Richardt Gama [UNIFESP]; Silva, Reinaldo Correia [UNIFESP]; Semedo, Patricia [UNIFESP]; Camara, Niels Olsen Saraiva [UNIFESP]; Fortes, Zuleica B.; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    IL-4 produced by Th2 cells can block cytokine production by Th1 cells, and Th1 IFN-gamma is known to counterregulate Th2 immune response, inhibiting allergic eosinophilia. As intrauterine undernutrition can attenuate lung inflammation, we investigated the influence of intrauterine undernourishment on the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and allergic lung inflammation. Intrauterine undernourished offspring were obtained from dams fed 50% of the nourished diet of their counterparts and were immunized at 9 weeks of age. We evaluated the cell counts and cytokine protein expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage, mucus production and collagen deposition, and cytokine gene expression and transcription factors in lung tissue 21 days after ovalbumin immunization. Intrauterine undernourishment significantly reduced inflammatory cell airway infiltration, mucus secretion and collagen deposition, in rats immunized and challenged. Intrauterine undernourished rats also exhibited an altered cytokine expression profile, including higher TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta expression and lower IL-6 expression than well-nourished rats following immunization and challenge. Furthermore, the intrauterine undernourished group showed reduced ratios of the IL-4/IFN-gamma and the transcription factors GATA-3/T-Bet after immunization and challenge. We suggest that the attenuated allergic lung inflammation observed in intrauterine undernourished rats is related to an altered Th1/Th2 cytokine balance resulting from a reduced GATA-3/T-bet ratio. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel