Navegando por Palavras-chave "Infectious disease transmission, vertical"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise de sobrevida das crianças com AIDS no Brasil(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2006-12-31) Matida, Luiza Harunari [UNIFESP]; Succi, Regina Célia de Menezes [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)A terapia anti-retroviral (TARV) contribui para a diminuição da morbidade e da mortalidade, com conseqüente aumento da sobrevida. No Brasil, há diferenças regionais relativas à dinâmica da epidemia do HIV e ao seu enfrentamento no grupo das gestantes e das crianças com HIV/AIDS. Este estudo verifica o tempo de sobrevida após o diagnóstico de aids em 914 crianças infectadas por transmissão vertical, entre os anos de 1983 e 1998 e acompanhadas até 2002, nas cinco regiões brasileiras. O tempo decorrido do nascimento ao diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV, ao longo dos anos, apresenta uma diminuição, principalmente nos estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste. Houve melhora significativa da sobrevivência, mais de 75% dos casos ainda estavam vivendo quatro anos após o diagnóstico, no grupo de 1997 e 1998. Esta análise brasileira mostra ser possível para um país em desenvolvimento, estabelecer um sistema efetivo de acesso gratuito e universal à TARV, mesmo com dificuldades regionais para a organização de uma infra-estrutura ideal de saúde, tendo como resultado um aumento significativo na sobrevivência.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A five-year review of vertical HIV transmission in a specialized service: cross-sectional study(Associacao Paulista Medicina, 2016) Hoffmann, Izabel Cristina; dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque; de Mello Padoin, Stela Maris; Barros, Sonia Maria Oliveira de [UNIFESP]CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Healthcare professionals need to instill the process of prevention, control and treatment of people infected with HIV into care practice. Through maintaining preventive treatment among HIV-infected pregnant women, it has been demonstrated that prophylactic antiretroviral therapy, scheduled cesarean section and the prohibition of breastfeeding significantly reduce vertical HIV transmission. This study aimed to assess the rates of vertical HIV transmission in a specialized service and identify the factors associated with it. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study developed at the University Hospital of Santa Maria (RS), Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 198 notification forms and medical records of HIV-positive pregnant women and exposed children. RESULTS: The vertical transmission rate was 2.4%, and three children had been infected by vertical HIV transmission. The statistically significant risk factor was the use of injectable drugs. Delayed reporting of pregnancy, absence of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, lack of proper prenatal care, incapacity to perform viral load detection tests and CD4+ T cell counts and obstetric and maternal clinical complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The vertical transmission rate was high and the recommended intervention measures were not adopted in full. Adequate prophylactic measures need to be implemented in HIV-positive pregnant women prenatally and during the antenatal, delivery and postpartum periods.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Transmissão vertical do HIV em população atendida no serviço de referência em Maceió - Alagoas(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-08-25) Rodrigues, Sueli Teresinha Cruz [UNIFESP]; Barros, Sonia Maria Oliveira [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Introduction: the evolution of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome epidemic in Brazil brought a challenge to control the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) vertical transmission. The vertical or mother-child transmission of HIV is a route exposure which has multiple causes and the influence of factors associated with transmission of the virus varies according to the studied populations. Objectives: to identify the HIV vertical transmission rate in a reference service unit in the municipality of Maceió - Alagoas in a four-year period, to evaluate the maternal and fetal factors involved in the HIV vertical transmission and to identify pre-natal care, at delivery and birth follow-up actions related to the reduction of vertical transmission. Method: observational descriptive transversal retrospective study, evaluating 102 medical records of HIV positive women and their exposed children assisted by a specialized service unit in a four-year-time period. Results: Approximately 6.6% of children were infected, their mothers were aged 20 to 39 years and 66.6% had low formal education level, 40% did not attend any kind of pre-natal care service, 16.7% of their partners were unaware of their serologic condition; 5.9% of these women had sexual intercourse with multiple partners. Mothers of 75% of the infected children did not undergo prophylaxis with antiretroviral (ARV) and viral load test during pre-natal care. There was a higher percentage of children who did not initiate the prophylaxis with antiretroviral in the infected groups and a tendency for a higher percentage (50.0%) that was breastfed in the same group (p- 0.058). There was a higher percentage of women (84.10%) who used ARV during childbirth and children (91.5%) who started prophylaxis with ARV within the first 24 hours in the non-infected group. Conlusion: it was observed that the incidence of HIV vertical transmission in the reference service unit in the municipality of Maceió - Alagoas in a four-year-time period selected for the study (January 2002 to December 2006) was 6.6%. Those infected children did not have the opportunity for prophylaxis of HIV vertical transmission, which ratifies the urgency of an increase in the anti-HIV tests availability for pregnant women and supervision of the actions. Concerning the vertical HIV transmission, actions that address education, mainly of the young people and the use of condom during sexual intercourse are still fundamental. By means of such actions as well as prophylaxis of the vertical transmission, even if it is not possible to eliminate HIV infection in the pediatric population, we will, at least, transform such conditions in a matter of lesser extent, potentially controlled by the Public Health Department.