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- ItemSomente MetadadadosDiscrepant Trends in Income, Drinking, and Alcohol Problems in an Emergent Economy: Brazil 2006 to 2012(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-05-01) Caetano, Raul; Mills, Britain; Madruga, Clarice [UNIFESP]; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Univ Texas Sch Publ Hlth; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)BackgroundTo examine the association between increases in income and self-reported alcohol consumption, binge drinking, and alcohol problems in 2006 and 2012 in Brazil.MethodsParticipants were interviewed as part of 2 multistage representative cluster samples of the Brazilian household population between November 2005 and April 2006 and between November 2011 and March 2012. the number of current drinkers during these 2 intervals (n=1,379 and n=1,907, respectively) comprised the sample analyzed. Four past-year outcome variablesstandard drinks per week, binge drinking, presence of alcohol-related social/health problems, and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD)were estimated across income, age, and gender groups. Regression models were estimated to evaluate these and other sociodemographic effects on drinking and problem outcomes and to test for possible wave by income interactions.ResultsResponse rates were 66.4% in 2006 and 77% in 2012. Income increases were seen in virtually all age-gender subgroups and were particularly pronounced for younger age groups and older women. Both genders reported increased drinks per week (men: 12.82, 2006; 15.78, 2012; p<0.01; women: 4.89, 2006; 7.66, 2012; p<0.001) and proportion binge drinking (men: 57%, 2006; 66%, 2012; p<0.05; women: 39%, 2006; 48%, 2012; p<0.05), although this was not seen in all gender and age groups. Social/health problem prevalence decreased among men (37%, 2006; 26%, 2012; p<0.001) and remained the same among women (13%, 2006; 14%, 2012). DSM-5 AUD decreased among men (34%, 2006; 24%, 2012; p<0.01) and remained stable among women (14%, 2006; 16%, 2012).ConclusionsBrazilian economic development between 2006 and 2012 led to a rise in income in several gender and age groups. Although not always directly associated with an observed increase in alcohol consumption, the rise in income may have created a sense of optimism that inhibited a rise in alcohol-related problems.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Early determinants of overweight and obesity at 5 years old in preschoolers from inner of Minas Gerais, Brazil(Aula Medica Ediciones, 2013-05-01) Nobre, Luciana Neri; Silva, Kellen Cristine; Ferreira, Sofia Emanuelle de Castro [UNIFESP]; Moreira, Lidiane Lopes; Lessa, Angelina do Carmo; Lamounier, Joel Alves; Franceschini, Sylvia do Carmo Castro; Fed Univ Vales Jequitinhonha & Mucuri; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Federal Univ Sao Joao Del Rei; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)Introduction: Brazil is experiencing a nutritional transition characterized by a reduction in the prevalence of nutritional deficits and an increase in overweight and obesity, not only in adults but also in children and adolescents.Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the factors associated with overweight and obesity in Brazilian 5-year-old preschoolers.Methods: A cross-sectional study of a cohort of 232 preschoolers born in Diamantina/Minas Gerais, Brazil, was undertaken. the data, including socioeconomic status, anthropometry, diet, previous history of the preschoolers and family history, were collected between July of 2009 and July of 2010. To identify the factors associated with overweight and obesity, a logistic regression and a hierarchical model were undertaken.Results: Overweight and obesity occurred in 17.2% of the preschoolers. After adjusting for mother's obesity, per capita income, protective food intake, weight gain at age 0-4 months and time spent playing, the factors associated with overweight and obesity that reached statistical significance were mother's obesity [OR = 3.12 (95% CI 1.41-6.91), P = 0.01], weight gain of more than 0.85 kg/month in the first four months of life [OR = 2.16 (95% CI 1.01-4.64), P = 0.041 and lower per capita income [OR = 0.32 (95 %CI 0.13-0.79), P = 0.01].Conclusion: the results show that more weight gain during the first four months of life and being born of mothers with obesity increased the odds of overweight/obesity in the preschoolers, while lower per capita income was a protective factor.
- ItemRestritoEnvelhecimento populacional no Brasil: perspectivas da renda de previdência entre 2012 e 2060(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2023-01-20) Alencar, Caroline Bezerra de [UNIFESP]; Siviero, Pamila Cristina Lima [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2819945294368921A população brasileira está envelhecendo, o que traz diversos desafios sociais e econômicos. Esse é um cenário que traz reflexões e preocupações, entre outros temas, sobre a perspectiva de renda de subsistência dos idosos. Serão abordada suas características, suas fontes de composição, distribuição e limitações. Este trabalho apresentará projeções para dar suporte à análise de suficiência da renda de previdência para sobrevivência adequada da população alvo. Foram pesquisadas fontes governamentais para obtenção dos dados, aplicando-se tratamento dos dados para então projetar os dados futuros, a fim de descrever a perspectiva em relação a renda desse grupo populacional em ascensão e entender se atende e atenderá o valor de salário mínimo necessário. A partir de 2036, todos os cenários de renda de previdência analisados apresentam insuficiência para subsistência. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a situação atual e, principalmente, a perspectiva futura é alarmante para toda sociedade, pois esse valor tende a ficar muito abaixo do fundamental e em 2060 haverá cerca de um quarto da população propensa ao risco da insegurança financeira.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosGambling in Brazil Lifetime prevalences and socio-demographic correlates(Elsevier B.V., 2010-11-30) Tavares, Hermano; Carneiro, Elizabeth; Sanches, Marcos; Pinsky, Ilana [UNIFESP]; Caetano, Raul; Zaleski, Marcos; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Natl Council Technol & Sci Dev CNPq; Addict & Other Impulse Control Disorders Unit; Ipsos Reid; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Texas Dallas; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)Gambling has experienced world-wide growth the current study is the first national survey into household gambling conducted in a developing country the sample was a three-stage probabilistic one designed to cover individuals 14 years old or older of both genders and from all regions of the national territory 325 census sectors were visited including rural areas DSM-IV-based instruments were used to assess problem and pathological gambling individuals were asked to estimate their monthly gambling expenditure the lifetime prevalences were pathological gambling 1 0% and problem gambling 1 3% Maximum gambling expenditure corresponded to 5 4% of the household income for social gamblers 16 9% for problem gamblers and 20 0% for pathological gamblers the male female ratio among adults for pathological gambling was 3 2 1 the data suggest the existence of two subgroups of pathological gamblers one younger (33 9 +/- 4 19) and severe (7 or more DSM-IV criteria) another older (47 8 +/- 6 01) and less severe (5-6 criteria) in a multinomial logistic regression problematic gambling was associated with gender age education employment region of origin and living in metropolitan areas the data suggest that feeling active and socially inserted protects against problematic gambling Individuals who are young male unemployed or not currently pursuing further education may be at special risk for severe pathological gambling (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd All rights reserved
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A incidência dos impostos como agravantes da desigualdade social-econômica no Brasil: um comparativo entre o modelo de tributação sobre a renda e consumo no país, e suas consequências(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-12-13) Oliveira, Heitor Fernandes de [UNIFESP]; Henrique, Marcelo Rabelo [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8872607903177348A presente pesquisa busca relacionar a questão da desigualdade social e econômica no Brasil, com seu sistema tributário vigente em 2022. O entendimento acerca dos padrões de desigualdade social e econômica no país e sua má distribuição de renda é antigo, nesse sentido surge a ideia da tributação como um mecanismo que se relaciona diretamente com esses fenômenos sociais e econômicos. A tributação justa, como sendo aquela que leva em consideração a capacidade contributiva do contribuinte, evitando taxar em demasia as camadas mais pobres da sociedade, é vista como necessária. Os modelos de tributação sobre o consumo e sobre a renda tendem a se relacionar de forma oposta com o conceito de tributação justa, consequentemente, tendo impactos distintos no que tange a distribuição de renda e desigualdade no país. A possibilidade da reforma tributária como um elemento de correção para o sistema tributário vigente, também é objeto de pesquisa, uma vez que demonstra as tendências para o futuro dessas questões no país. Foram elaboradas tabelas para a simulação da tributação sobre o consumo e sobre a renda, considerando as alíquotas atuais e as que serão aplicadas após aprovação da reforma tributária, para se verificar a proporcionalidade do valor de ambos os tributos pagos em relação aos salários de dois indivíduos com rendas e classes sociais distintas. O projeto possui como objetivo principal a verificação do sistema tributário brasileiro, para determinar se o mesmo possui impacto negativo em relação a desigualdade no país. O projeto também busca analisar as propostas da reforma tributária, visando determinar se essas propostas, uma vez aprovadas, contribuiriam para a melhora da desigualdade no país. Ao final se observou que o sistema tributário brasileiro contribui parcialmente para a má distribuição de renda e desigualdade no país, uma vez que a tributação sobre a renda se mostrou positiva nesse sentido, por mais que exista a ausência da atualização da tabela de incidência desde 2015. Já a tributação sobre o consumo foi considerada negativa nesse aspecto. Existe a possibilidade de projetos futuros, uma vez que a reforma tributária esteja concluída, ou considerando um modelo de venda mais complexo, que contribuiria para um sistema de tributação sobre o consumo com mais variáveis para análise.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Indicadores econômicos e de saúde: A relação entre inflação, desemprego, renda e mortalidade(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010-09-29) Paim, Chennyfer da Rosa Paino [UNIFESP]; Zucchi, Paola [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This work aims to correlate the health indicators General Mortality, Infant Mortality, Maternal and External Causes macroeconomic indicators with Inflation, Unemployment and Income in Brazil during the period 1980-2009, contributing to the debate if the instabilities or interfere in economic downturns health of individuals. The theoretical literature is based on macroeconomic conditions and health. We find that there are several studies relating mortality with income and unemployment, but few that add the variable inflation, and among them, none specifies a series of Brazil. The method was applied empirical-analytic time series of proposed indicators, and for the results of the correlations we used the technique of linear regression through the softwar STATA. The results favored the hypothesis of Philips, that is all that is fall in inflation, unemployment increases and income decreases accordingly, which supposedly have worse living conditions and health, hence higher rates of mortality. The correlations between child mortality, maternal and foreign, we find this result, economic downturns in mortality rates increase. We believe it is necessary degree of caution in interpreting the results in order to avoid outright acceptance of associations without considering other variables not analyzed in this thesis which may vary for other factors not considered. Regression analysis performed in this study suggest that a relationship exists between health indicators and economic studies, where low inflation leads to higher unemployment and low incomes, leading to poor health and high mortality rates.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Trends in spending on eating away from home in Brazil, 2002-2003 to 2008-2009(Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 2014-07-01) Claro, Rafael Moreira; Baraldi, Larissa Galastri; Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique [UNIFESP]; Levy, Renata Bertazzi; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Departamento de Nutrição; Faculdade de Saúde Pública Departamento de Nutrição; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)The study aims to describe trends in food consumption away from home in Brazil from 2002-2003 to 2008-2009 and to analyze the influence of income on this behavior. The authors used data collected by the Household Budget Surveys conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2002-2003 and 2008-2009. The information analyzed in this study involves records of food and beverage purchases for consumption away from home. Trends in eating away from home were estimated for the total population and according to demographic and economic strata. The association between the share of food consumed away from home and income was studied using regression models to estimate income elasticity coefficients. The share of eating away from home increased 25% during the period, reaching 28% of total spending on food. Each 10% increase in mean per capita income leads to a 3.5% increase in the share of food consumed away from home. This suggests that income growth will result in future increases in the share of eating away from home.