Navegando por Palavras-chave "Heliconiinae"

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    Avaliação do uso de borboletas Heliconiinae (Papilionoidea: nymphalidae) como bioindicadores de impactos antrópicos em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica de Santos, São Paulo, Brasil
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2017-10-20) Gondeck, Mirella Baldacconi [UNIFESP]; Neiman, Zysman [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Despite sheltering elevated plant and animal species diversity and presenting a high degree of endemism, the Atlantic Forest has been degraded since the colonial period. According to the Brazilian Forestry Institute, this biome currently covers 13% of the original 1.300.000 km² of national territory, and only about 7% are well preserved remnants. Conservation Unit creation represents a strategy for the preservation of biodiversity, mainly threatened today by anthropic activity. Bioindicators make ecosystems’ diversity survey feasible, especially in conservation and monitoring studies. Butterflies are commonly chosen regarding their easy sampling, well defined taxonomy and systematics, close association with vegetation, microclimate and resource availability patterns. Among butterflies, Heliconiinae are nectarivorous, significantly related to their host plants, occur almost all year round and are taxonomically well defined. The present work was developed at Vale do Quilombo, part of the Santos - Continente environmentally protected area, which houses significant forest remnants and is close to the largest continuous Atlantic Forest biome fragment in Brazil. Based on the hypothesis that the anthropic occupation changes the environmental conditions of the studied area, the Heliconiinae butterflies were tested as ecological bioindicators, in a transection crossing two municipal zones (disturbed and preserved areas), adding to the analysis the surrounding population’s socioeconomic preliminary survey and environmental variables survey. For this, 17 transects routes were recorded 26 times in one year, registering 239 individuals from 17 species in 65 hours. The comparison of Heliconiinae richness and frequency results was significant, indicating heterogeneity in the community structure, suggesting differences between habitats and accepting the hypothesis tested. Larger amounts of butterflies were found where there is greater impact (number of occupations and highway proximity), showing significant correlations with canopy opening, number of nectariferous plant species and average direct sunlight level. This result can be attributed to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. The low percentage of species may be related to significant differences in climatic conditions during the sampling period, added to roadworks in the studied transection, probably affecting vegetation’s and bioindicators’ phenology. The results highlight the importance of the Vale do Quilombo as a refuge for the maintenance of biodiversity given its geographic and ecological characteristics. The procedures performed may lead to the creation of a protocol for the management plan of the Santos-Continente environmentally protected area and to assess conditions of conservation in similar forest environments.