Navegando por Palavras-chave "Glucose metabolism"
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- ItemEmbargoAnálise dos efeitos da resistência à insulina central sobre o metabolismo de glicose hepático em modelo animal da doença de Alzheimer(Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2022-12-15) Belaunde, Lucas Humberto Zimmermann [UNIFESP]; Caperuto, Luciana Chagas [UNIFESP]; Pereira, Bruno Fiorelini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7576513512268341; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0144465590218939; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8224014224797640O diabetes mellitus (DM) é um distúrbio metabólico amplamente estudado e que aparenta ter uma relação com outras doenças que envolvem o metabolismo energético. Uma destas doenças é a doença de Alzheimer (DA), já que observou-se que pacientes diabéticos poderiam desenvolver um quadro de amnésia e demência muito característicos, relacionando problemas no metabolismo de órgãos periféricos com o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). No entanto, não há muito conhecimento sobre o caminho oposto, com relação à influência da DA no funcionamento de órgãos periféricos como, por exemplo, o fígado. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se as interferências no SNC, a partir de um modelo de DA, são capazes de modificar o metabolismo de glicose sistêmico e possíveis alterações no fígado. Foi utilizado um modelo de DA induzido pela administração de estreptozotocina (STZ) de maneira intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.), por uma cirurgia estereotáxica em ratos Wistar jovens e de meia-idade. Cada indivíduo foi pesado e teve o seu comprimento nasoanal medido, calculando-se o Índice de Lee. Os animais foram eutanasiados e o tecido hepático foi coletado e pesado. Antes da eutanásia, os animais tiveram as suas glicemias medidas e também passaram pelos testes de tolerância à glicose oral (oGTT) e de tolerância à insulina intraperitoneal (ipITT). O envelhecimento contribuiu para o ganho de peso e aumento de tamanho, mas a STZ reduziu o peso dos animais de meia-idade. Não houve alterações no Índice de Lee ou na glicemia de jejum em nenhum dos grupos. Os resultados do ipITT mostraram que a STZ tornou os animais jovens resistentes à insulina. Os animais de meia-idade também ficaram resistentes, devido aos efeitos do envelhecimento nestes indivíduos. O oGTT indicou que os animais jovens que receberam STZ não desenvolveram intolerância à glicose, mas os de meia-idade sim. Foi observado que o envelhecimento reduziu o peso relativo do fígado em decorrência do ganho de peso e aumento de tamanho observado nestes animais. Os dados histológicos indicaram que a STZ aumentou a área do citoplasma dos hepatócitos dos animais de ambas as idades e aumentou o volume e o diâmetro do núcleo dos animais jovens. O envelhecimento também foi responsável pelo aumento de parâmetros morfométricos específicos no núcleo dos hepatócitos. Na análise da expressão de proteínas, a fosforilação basal das proteínas IRS-1 (em resíduos serina), AKT, STAT3, JAK2, JNK e NF-kB p65 não foram alteradas, assim como as proteínas sinalizadoras de estresse no Retículo Endoplasmático, PERK e BiP. Diante dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que com o modelo animal utilizado, foi possível observar que a alteração metabólica central causada pela STZ, além do envelhecimento, produziram mudanças em aspectos morfológicos, metabólicos e histológicos de animais de diferentes idades, reforçando a possível relação discutida entre a DA e o DM2.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosChia (Salvia hispanica L.) flour promotes beneficial effects on adipose tissue but not on glycaemic profile of diet-induced obesity in mice(Wiley, 2017) Carnier, June [UNIFESP]; Silva, Fernanda Pinheiro da [UNIFESP]; Miranda, Danielle Araujo de [UNIFESP]; Santamarina, Aline Boveto [UNIFESP]; Mennitti, Lais Vales [UNIFESP]; Moreira, Renata Guimaraes; Nascimento, Claudia Maria da Penha Oller do [UNIFESP]; Ribeiro, Eliane Beraldi [UNIFESP]; Oyama, Lila Missae [UNIFESP]This study evaluated effects of integral chia flour (Salvia hispanica L.) associated with high‐fat diet on glucose metabolism, fatty acid profile, and inflammatory mediators in epididymal adipose and liver tissue using experimental obesity models induced by high‐calorie and ‐fat diets. Forty‐eight mice were divided into four experimental groups: control diet (C); control diet + chia flour (CCh); high‐fat and ‐calorie diet (H), and high‐fat and ‐calorie diet + chia flour (HCh). Tissue cytokines, fatty acid profile, and glycaemic profile were measured. In oral glucose tolerance testing, HCh presented higher glycaemia than H at 15, 30, and 120 min. In epididymal adipose tissue, CCh showed higher accumulation of alpha‐linolenic fatty acid (α‐LNA) than C, while HCh showed higher accumulation of α‐LNA and lower concentrations of C20:4n6 fatty acid than H. In liver tissue, CCh presented higher accumulation of α‐LNA and lower concentrations of C20:4n6 fatty acid than C. We believe that 12 g of chia flour per kg of food for 10 wk is essential for prevention and treatment of obesity; however, it may be necessary to adjust chia amounts and treatment times to improve glycaemic profiles. This study provides pioneering results on the effects of chia in mice. Practical applications: With the hope of losing weight and becoming healthier, many people adopt radical diets that can be harmful to their health. Accordingly, dietary guidelines must be carefully planned by qualified health professionals, especially considering the comorbidities of diabetes and cardiovascular disease that accompany obesity. In addition, the adequate treatment of obesity increases the chances of the patients maintaining their diet and lifestyle changes, thus, allowing for greater control of their obesity. Consequently, knowledge of the appropriate dosages and effects of chia is important for the development of new tools for composing dietary guidelines for healthy individuals, especially for the treatment of obese patients.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosDietary omega-3 fatty acid and omega-3: omega-6 fatty acid ratio predict improvement in glucose disturbances in Japanese Brazilians(Elsevier B.V., 2010-02-01) Sartorelli, Daniela S.; Damiao, Renata [UNIFESP]; Chaim, Rita; Hirai, Amelia [UNIFESP]; Gimeno, Suely G. A. [UNIFESP]; Ferreira, Sandra R. G.; Japanese Brazilian Diabet Study Gr; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Sagiado CoracaoObjective: We investigated whether lifestyle-induced changes in dietary fat quality are related to Improvements on glucose metabolism disturbances in Japanese Brazilians at high risk of type 2 diabetesMethods: One hundred forty-eight first- and second-generation subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glycemia who attended a lifestyle intervention program for 12 mo were studied in the city of Bauru. State of São Paulo, Brazil Dietary fatty acid intakes at baseline and after 12 mo were estimated using three 24-h recalls. the effect of dietary fat intake on glucose metabolism was investigated by multiple logistic regression modelsResults: At baseline, mean standard deviation age and body mass index were 60 II y and 25 5 4.2 kg/m2, respectively After 12 mo. 92 subjects had normal plasma glucose levels and 56 remained in prediabetic conditions. Using logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, generation, basal intake of explanatory nutrient, energy intake, physical activity, and waist circumference, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for reversion to normoglycemia were 3 14 (1 22-8 10) in the second wrote of total w-3 fatty acid, 4 26 (1.34-13 57) in the second tunic of eicosapentaenoic acid, and 280 (1 10-7.10) in the second tertile of linolenic acid. Similarly. subjects in the highest wrote of w-3.w-6 fatty acid ratio showed a higher chance of improving glucose disturbances (2 51, 1.01-6.37)Conclusions: Our findings support the evidence of an independent protective effect of omega-3 fatty acid and of a higher omega-3:omega-6 fatty acid ratio on the glucose metabolism of high-risk individuals (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Heme oxygenase 1 improves glucoses metabolism and kidney histological alterations in diabetic rats(Biomed Central Ltd, 2013-01-16) Ptilovanciv, Ellen O. N. [UNIFESP]; Fernandes, Gabryelle S. [UNIFESP]; Teixeira, Luciana C. [UNIFESP]; Reis, Luciana A. [UNIFESP]; Pessoa, Edson A. [UNIFESP]; Convento, Marcia B. [UNIFESP]; Simoes, Manuel J. [UNIFESP]; Albertoni, Guilherme A. [UNIFESP]; Schor, Nestor [UNIFESP]; Borges, Fernanda T. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)One important concern in the treatment of diabetes is the maintenance of glycemic levels and the prevention of diabetic nephropathy. Inducible heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme thought to have antioxidant and cytoprotective roles. the goal of the present study was to analyze the effect of HO-1 induction in chronically hyperglycemic rats. the hyperglycemic rats were divided into two groups: one group, called STZ, was given a single injection of streptozotocin; and the other group was given a single streptozotocin injection as well as daily injections of hemin, an HO-1 inducer, over 60 days (STZ + HEME). A group of normoglycemic, untreated rats was used as the control (CTL).Body weight, diuresis, serum glucose levels, microalbuminuria, creatinine clearance rate, urea levels, sodium excretion, and lipid peroxidation were analyzed. Histological alterations and immunohistochemistry for HO-1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were assessed. After 60 days, the STZ group exhibited an increase in blood glucose, diuresis, urea, microalbuminuria, and sodium excretion. There was no weight gain, and there was a decrease in creatinine clearance in comparison to the CTL group. in the STZ + HEME group there was an improvement in the metabolic parameters and kidney function, a decrease in blood glucose, serum urea, and microalbuminuria, and an increase of creatinine clearance, in comparison to the STZ group.There was glomerulosclerosis, collagen deposition in the STZ rats and increase in iNOS and HO-1 expression. in the STZ + HEME group, the glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis was prevented and there was an increase in the expression of HO-1, but decrease in iNOS expression and lipid peroxidation. in conclusion, our data suggest that chronic induction of HO-1 reduces hyperglycemia, improves glucose metabolism and, at least in part, protects the renal tissue from hyperglycemic injury, possibly through the antioxidant activity of HO-1.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)High-Intensity Interval Training Attenuates Insulin Resistance Induced by Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Males(Frontiers Media Sa, 2017) Souza, Jorge Fernando Tavares de [UNIFESP]; Dattilo, Murilo [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Antunes, Hanna Karen Moreira [UNIFESP]Introduction: Sleep deprivation can impair several physiological systems and recently, new evidence has pointed to the relationship between a lack of sleep and carbohydrate metabolism, consequently resulting in insulin resistance. To minimize this effect, High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is emerging as a potential strategy. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HIIT on insulin resistance induced by sleep deprivation. Method: Eleven healthy male volunteers were recruited, aged 18-35 years, who declared taking 7-8 h sleep per night. All volunteers were submitted to four different conditions: a single night of regular sleep (RS condition), 24 h of total sleep deprivation (SD condition), HIIT training followed by regular sleep (HIIT+RS condition), and HIIT training followed by 24 h of total sleep deprivation (HIIT+SD condition). They performed six training sessions over 2 weeks and each session consisted of 8-12 x 60s intervals at 100% of peak power output. In each experimental condition, tests for glucose, insulin, Cortisol, free fatty acids, and insulin sensitivity, measured by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were performed. Results: Sleep deprivation increased glycaemia and insulin levels, as well as the area under the curve. Furthermore, an increase in free fatty acids concentrations and basal metabolism was observed. There were no differences in the concentrations of Cortisol. However, HIIT before 24 h of sleep deprivation attenuated the increase of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids. Conclusion: Twenty-four hours of sleep deprivation resulted in acute insulin resistance. However, HIIT is an effective strategy to minimize the deleterious effects promoted by this condition.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)A link between sleep loss, glucose metabolism and adipokines(Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2011-10-01) Padilha, Heloisa Vidigal Guarita [UNIFESP]; Crispim, Cibele Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Zimberg, Ioná Zalcman [UNIFESP]; Souza, Daurea Abadia de; Waterhouse, Jim Maris; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Faculdade de Medicina; Liverpool John Moores University Research Institute for Sport and Exercise SciencesThe present review evaluates the role of sleep and its alteration in triggering problems of glucose metabolism and the possible involvement of adipokines in this process. A reduction in the amount of time spent sleeping has become an endemic condition in modern society, and a search of the current literature has found important associations between sleep loss and alterations of nutritional and metabolic contexts. Studies suggest that sleep loss is associated with problems in glucose metabolism and a higher risk for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanism involved may be associated with the decreased efficacy of regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by negative feedback mechanisms in sleep-deprivation conditions. In addition, changes in the circadian pattern of growth hormone (GH) secretion might also contribute to the alterations in glucose regulation observed during sleep loss. On the other hand, sleep deprivation stress affects adipokines - increasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreasing leptin and adiponectin -, thus establishing a possible association between sleep-debt, adipokines and glucose metabolism. Thus, a modified release of adipokines resulting from sleep deprivation could lead to a chronic sub-inflammatory state that could play a central role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of sleep loss in adipokine release and its relationship with glucose metabolism.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosMetabolic responses on the early shift(Informa Healthcare, 2010-01-01) Padilha, Heloisa Guarita [UNIFESP]; Crispim, Cibele Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Zimberg, Ioná Zalcman [UNIFESP]; Folkard, Simon; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP]; Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Univ Paris 05; Swansea Univ; CEPE; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Shiftwork has been associated with a higher propensity for the development of metabolic disorders and obesity. the aim of the study was to investigate concentrations of glucose, cortisol, and insulin among fixed night workers (n = 9), fixed early morning workers (n = 6), and day workers (n = 7). Food intake was recorded for 7 days using a diary. Blood samples were collected every 4 h over the course of 24 h, yielding six samples. Total carbohydrate intake was lowest (p < .0005), whereas fat (p = .03) and protein (p < .0005) were highest on the early morning shifts. Early morning workers also had overall elevated cortisol levels relative to the other two groups. Cortisol levels appeared to be more influenced by time since waking prior to the shift than by time-of-day. Cortisol was highest for the early morning group than the day group 12 h after waking, and both the early morning and night groups had higher levels than the day group 16 h after waking (p < .05 in all cases). in contrast, the homesostatsis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) appeared to be more influenced by time-of-day than by time since waking prior to the shift. the early morning group had higher levels of HOMA-IR at 08: 00 h than the other groups (p < .05). in conclusion, the early morning group had the highest overall concentrations of cortisol and tended to have higher levels of HOMA-IR, indicating that more attention should be given to these workers. Moreover, all three groups showed pronounced cortisol levels on awakening, suggesting that they may have adjusted to their awaking time. (Author: heloguarita@rgnutri.com.br)
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Palmitoleic acid (n-7) increases white adipocytes GLUT4 content and glucose uptake in association with AMPK activation(Biomed Central Ltd, 2014-12-20) Bolsoni-Lopes, Andressa; Festuccia, William T.; Chimin, Patricia; Farias, Talita S. M.; Torres-Leal, Francisco L.; Cruz, Maysa M. [UNIFESP]; Andrade, Paula B.; Hirabara, Sandro M.; Lima, Fabio B.; Alonso-Vale, Maria Isabel C. [UNIFESP]; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Cruzeiro UnivBackground: Palmitoleic acid was previously shown to improve glucose homeostasis by reducing hepatic glucose production and by enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Herein we tested the hypothesis that palmitoleic acid positively modulates glucose uptake and metabolism in adipocytes.Methods: for this, both differentiated 3 T3-L1 cells treated with either palmitoleic acid (16: 1n7, 200 mu M) or palmitic acid (16: 0, 200 mu M) for 24 h and primary adipocytes from mice treated with 16: 1n7 (300 mg/kg/day) or oleic acid (18: 1n9, 300 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 10 days were evaluated for glucose uptake, oxidation, conversion to lactate and incorporation into fatty acids and glycerol components of TAG along with the activity and expression of lipogenic enzymes.Results: Treatment of adipocytes with palmitoleic, but not oleic (in vivo) or palmitic (in vitro) acids, increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 mRNA levels and protein content. Along with uptake, palmitoleic acid enhanced glucose oxidation (aerobic glycolysis), conversion to lactate (anaerobic glycolysis) and incorporation into glycerol-TAG, but reduced de novo fatty acid synthesis from glucose and acetate and the activity of lipogenic enzymes glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ATP-citrate lyase. Importantly, palmitoleic acid induction of adipocyte glucose uptake and metabolism were associated with AMPK activation as evidenced by the increased protein content of phospho(p) Thr172AMPKa, but no changes in pSer473Akt and pThr308Akt. Importantly, such increase in GLUT4 content induced by 16: 1n7, was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK with compound C.Conclusions: in conclusion, palmitoleic acid increases glucose uptake and the GLUT4 content in association with AMPK activation.